Liu Jie

Liu Jie

Liu Jie (January 1915 September 23, 2018), male, from Weixian County, Hebei Province, joined the Communist Party of China in 1932. Deputy to the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He was the former Minister of the second Ministry of mechanical engineering and one of the pioneers and founders of China's nuclear industry.

When Liu Jie worked in the Ministry of geology, the Ministry of geology discovered China's first uranium deposit. Since 1954, he has presided over the establishment of the Ministry of nuclear industry. During the cultural revolution in 1967, he was forced to stop working. After 13 years of working in the Ministry of second machinery, he has gone through several stages, such as central decision-making, striving for Soviet aid, Soviet aid interruption, and complete self-reliance. He has successfully realized the development and test of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, and the preliminary design of nuclear submarine power plant, and built China's nuclear fuel cycle industrial complex It has laid a solid foundation for the establishment and long-term development of China's nuclear industry and won the first national special contribution award for management science in 2009. In 1978, he was ordered to transfer from the Ministry of second machinery to serve as secretary of Henan provincial Party committee.

On September 23, 2018, Liu Jie died in Shenzhen at the age of 104.

Life of the characters

Liu Weijie was born in 1915 in Hebei Province.

In 1931, he studied in Cangzhou No.1 Middle School (formerly Hebei No.2 Middle School). After the September 18th Incident, he joined the revolution. He joined the league in 1932 and the party in 1935. He once joined the Chahar people's Anti Japanese Alliance Army organized by Feng Yuxiang.

After 1936, he served as secretary of the Party committee of the western suburb of Beiping, member of the CPC Beiping Municipal Committee, and Secretary of the Agricultural Committee.

In 1937, he served as secretary of the central county Party committee of Wanping County of the Communist Party of China, organized Anti Japanese guerrillas in Pingxi, and then led the troops to the Shanxi Chahar Hebei Anti Japanese base area.

From 1938 to 1942, he was Secretary of the third special committee of Shanxi Chahar Hebei, member of the Border Region Committee, and Deputy Secretary of the third special committee of Beiyue District of the Communist Party of China.

In 1943, he went to Yan'an to study in the Central Party school and attend the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

From 1945 to 1949, he served as Deputy Secretary of the CPC Chahar provincial Party committee, political commissar of the Chahar military region, and Secretary of the provincial Party committee. Deputy Secretary of the Party committee of Beiyue District, second political commissar of the western Henan military region and second secretary of the Party committee of the western Henan. Deputy Secretary of Kaifeng Municipal Party committee and deputy political commissar of Jingwei district.

From 1949 to 1953, he served as Deputy Secretary of Henan provincial Party committee, Secretary of workers' working committee, vice chairman of CPPCC, and Minister of Industry Department of Central South military and political Commission.

From 1952 to 1957, he was Vice Minister of the Ministry of Geology and Secretary of the Party group. Deputy director of the third office of the State Council. During this period, the Ministry of geology found the first uranium deposit in China.

From 1956 to 1960, he served as vice minister of the third and second machine departments and Deputy Secretary of the Party group.

From 1960 to 1967, he was Minister of the second Ministry of machinery and Secretary of the Party group. Deputy director of the national defense industry office. During the period when he presided over the work of the second Machinery Department, he made an important contribution to China's atomic bomb explosion.

From 1978 to 1985, he served as secretary, governor, first Secretary of the provincial Party committee and director of the National People's Congress of Henan Province.

From 1982 to 1987, he was a member of the CPC Central Committee.

Deputy to the seventh and Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, deputy to the Fifth National People's Congress.

Character achievement

Set up the second Machinery Department

In 1956, Chairman Mao Zedong originally planned to set up the China Commission on the peaceful use of atomic energy, with song renqiong in charge of the work, coordinating all aspects of work, and carrying out research and utilization of nuclear energy in China. Zhou Enlai talked to song renqiong. In the conversation, song renqiong told Premier Zhou Enlai his proposal, "nuclear research is based on the communication between the Committee and the Committee. If China is really determined to build its own atomic bomb as soon as possible, I suggest that the central government consider setting up an entity Ministry of industry to carry out the actual research, testing and manufacturing work, and that the Ministry of industry should take charge of it as a whole Bottom, can quickly build their own atomic bomb! It is better not to adopt a system that separates research from manufacturing. "

After this talk, song renqiong first took up the post of China Commission on the peaceful uses of atomic energy to carry out work. After Premier Zhou Enlai personally reported to Chairman Mao Zedong his talk with song renqiong and song renqiong's proposal, the Central Committee adopted the proposal and decided to abolish the Committee on the peaceful use of atomic energy and establish a new special Ministry of industry to achieve a one-stop process from research and experiment to production.

In 1960, song renqiong went to Guangzhou to meet with the president and reported on the plan for the 64 year explosion of the first atomic bomb. Later, the central government transferred song renqiong to work in Northeast China. Premier Zhou asked song who was suitable to be minister. Song renqiong replied, "Comrade Liu Jie can be minister. He knows clearly from beginning to end the plan for the 1964 explosion made by the Ministry of second machinery. If the central government thinks it is OK to transfer the troops to another post." The reason why Liu Jie is recommended as minister is based on the principle of grasping through the whole process (there should be no interruption in the middle to re understand the situation).

Song renqiong's proposal not only selected a good leader for the Ministry of second machinery, but also became a system for R & D and manufacturing of several major military projects in China.

From 1956 to 1960, Liu Jie served as vice minister of the second machinery department and Deputy Secretary of the party leading group. From 1960 to 1967, he was Minister of the second Ministry of machinery and Secretary of the party leading group. The main task of the second engineering department was to develop nuclear weapons, which later developed into the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics.

nuclear test

When Liu Jie was Vice Minister of Geology and Secretary of the Party group, he found China's first uranium mine. At the beginning of 1959, great progress has been made in the first batch of major projects, such as Inner Mongolia Baotou nuclear fuel element plant, Gansu Lanzhou uranium enrichment plant and Gansu Jiuquan atomic energy complex, which are affiliated to the Ministry of second machinery. China urgently needs the Soviet side to provide technical information for the production of atomic bombs as soon as possible. After the nuclear fuel plant is completed and the fission material is produced, it can be put into the production of weapons, and it will be put into operation in 1962 First nuclear test.

However, due to the delay of the Soviet Union in fulfilling the core content of the "agreement on new technology for national defense" - providing atomic bomb teaching models and materials - the Ministry of second machinery coordinated with each other. The Soviet side's reply was that the Chinese side's opinions were reasonable and necessary, but because it was necessary to supplement and modify the content of the "agreement on new technology for national defense", it was still up to the Chinese government to officially revise it He proposed to the Soviet Union to send a delegation to the Soviet Union to negotiate and solve relevant problems.

Under such circumstances, in late June 1959, the Chinese side formed a delegation headed by song renqiong, ready to leave for the Soviet Union. At this time, a bad news spread from Moscow to Beijing.

One day at the end of June 1959, Zhou Enlai's secretary, Ma Lie, called Liu Jie, Deputy Minister of the second level department, saying that there was a top secret document related to the nuclear issue, and asked him to have a look at it immediately. Liu Jie rushed to get a car. It turned out to be a letter from the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, signed on June 20, 1959.

On June 26, 1959, the counselor of the Soviet embassy in China, sudalekov, sent it to Zhou Enlai's office. At this time, the main leaders of the central committee went to Lushan for a meeting. Zhou Enlai asked Liu Jie to have a look first.

The content of the letter is roughly as follows: the Minister of the second Ministry of mechanical engineering of China requested that the samples of the atomic bomb and the technical information on the design of the bomb should be transmitted to China at that time. This request was just in time for the Geneva conference to draw up an agreement on banning the test of nuclear weapons, and just in time for the upcoming summit of the heads of government It is likely to seriously undermine the efforts of socialist countries to strive for peace and ease national defense tensions. Therefore, under the conditions at that time, we could only postpone providing China with samples and technical information of the atomic bomb. How to act together in the future depends on the development of the situation two years later.

Because this kind of top secret can't be taken away or copied. Liu Jie memorized the content in accordance with the regulations.

After reading the letter, Liu Jie's first thought was: because the Soviet Union was negotiating with the United States, Britain and other western countries to ban nuclear tests at that time, Khrushchev and Eisenhower were going to hold talks at Camp David. The Soviet Union found these two reasons, saying that two years later, in fact, it was indefinitely delaying aid to China.

When he returned to the Ministry, Liu Jie immediately told song renqiong what he meant. The Party group held a meeting to study it and made an estimate: it seems that from this letter on, the possibility of the Soviet Union's assistance to China in the aspect of atomic bomb is no longer great.

But what about this letter? After all, it was a letter from the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Song renqiong asked Nie Rongzhen, who had a meeting in Lushan, on the phone. Nie Rongzhen felt that the matter was important and asked song renqiong, Liu Jie and Wan Yi to report to the main leaders of the Central Committee on Lushan Mountain. After listening to the report, Nie Rongzhen said: "if the Soviet Union does not give it, we will do it ourselves." Zhou Enlai's final opinion is: "the central government has studied it, and we will ignore it. If he doesn't give it, we'll do it ourselves, start from scratch, and prepare to build an atomic bomb in eight years. " In order to remember the special day of June 1959, the code name of China's first atomic bomb project was later determined as "596".

Under the organization of Liu Jie, a group of returned scholars and scientists stepped into the gate of the Chinese Academy of things, which is the foundry of national nuclear shield.

The "two bombs" research and development base in the 1960s was located in the plateau pastoral area with an altitude of more than 3000 meters. The climate was harsh, and the lowest temperature reached minus 40 degrees. It had to wear cotton padded clothes for eight or nine months in a year. "If you are hungry, drink bitter water." General Zhang Aiping described the conditions of the experimental base at that time. "Grassland, blue sky, tent for home; deep mountain canyon, unique cave.".

At that time, Liu Jie faced not only the harsh natural environment, but also the increasingly severe international situation. In June 1959, the Soviet Union tore up the "agreement on new technology for national defense" which provided China with teaching models and drawings of atomic bombs. In 1960, all technical experts were withdrawn, making the just started research and development work even worse.

In addition, the development of nuclear weapons is an important task

Chinese PinYin : Liu Jie