Empress Lu

Pheasant

Lu Zhi (241-180 B.C. on August 18) was born in Danfu County, dangjun county (now Shanxian County, Shandong Province). Empress of the Western Han Dynasty, commonly known as empress Lu, empress Gao of the Han Dynasty, Empress Dowager Lu, and Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty are also known as "Lv Wu".

In his early years, he married Liu Bang, the pavilion chief of Peixian County, and gave birth to Emperor Huidi of Han Dynasty and Princess Luyuan. Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, took part in the killing of Han Xin and Peng Yue. Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne and became the first queen and Empress Dowager recorded in history. After Qin Shihuang unified China, she was the first woman to be called the imperial court. During his reign, he carried out the policy of Huang Lao's art and resting with the people, supported emperor Hui of Han Dynasty to abolish the law of taking books with him, encouraged the people to collect and offer books, and restored the old books. The implementation of the rule of inaction laid a good foundation for the later rule of Wen Jing. In the later period of the rule, the brothers and sisters of the Lu family were reused, which opened the precedent of the Han Dynasty's relatives' dictatorship.

He died on August 18, 180 BC and was buried in Changling. Empress Dowager Lu's biography in historical records: the evaluation of "the government can't go out of the house, the world is calm; punishment is rarely used, the sinner is hope; people's affairs are farming, food and clothing are nourishing", gives empress Lu great affirmation of the administration.

Life of the characters

Marry Liu Bang

Originally, LV Zhi lived with his father LV Gong in Danfu County of Dang county (now Panzhuang, Zhongxing Town, Shan county, Shandong Province), but later the LV family moved to Peixian county to avoid their enemies. Duke Lu had a good relationship with Peixian county magistrate. In order to curry favor with his superiors, Peixian officials went to congratulate the family on their move. Xiao He, the chief official, was responsible for arranging the seats of the guests. He asked the servants to seat all the guests who presented less than 1000 copper coins in the hall. Liu Bang, the pavilion leader, thought that the officials in Peixian county were nothing, so he filled in a gift as "congratulation for ten thousand yuan". In fact, he didn't bring any money at all.

When empress Lu's father knew this, he came out with some anger to drive him away. However, he was surprised to see that Liu Bang would be an extraordinary figure in the future, so he took a seat in the hall. Xiao He tells LV Gong that Liu Bang only talks big and has no achievements. But Lu Gong didn't think so. After sitting in the guest seat, Liu Bang made fun of other Peixian officials.

After the banquet lasted for a certain period of time, LV Gong said, "I'm very good at looking at faces, but I've never seen a girl like you. I have a daughter (i.e. LV pheasant). I hope you will accept her as your wife. Afterwards, LV Yi, LV Gong's wife, was very angry and said, "you used to say that your daughter is very rare. You must marry a very good husband.". Peixian county magistrate is so kind to you, you still refuse to marry your daughter, and you want to marry her to Liu Bang? Lu Gong said, "this is not something your wife's family understands. Or marry LV Zhi to Liu Bang.

When she married Liu Fei, she had a problem with her son. Less than 20 years old, LV Zhi married the middle-aged Pavilion leader Liu Bang, who was 15 years older than her. Although the pavilion leader was not officially married, he had a son who was unmarried and gave birth (before Liu Bang made his fortune, LV Zhi didn't do anything harsh to Liu Fei, which was not easy for a young woman whose husband was 15 years older than herself).

In her early years, she was a virtuous woman. When she first married Liu Bang, she didn't live a rich life. Liu Bang often worked for official business and with his friends, and disappeared for three days. Lu Qi led her children to work in farming and mulberry knitting. She was filial to her parents and raised her children, and lived on her own. In his early years, Liu Bang often wore a homemade bamboo hat to wander around and cheat the prisoners to eat and drink. He escorted the prisoners once. Because he was drunk, he made the prisoners escape, and he had to die in the swamp area under Mangdang Mountain. In addition to supporting her family independently, she also made long trips from time to time to send her husband clothes and food.

Later, Lu gave birth to a son and a daughter for Liu Bang, later emperor Huidi of Han Dynasty Liu Ying and Princess Yuanchang of Lu.

wander

In the first year of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), Liu Bang was granted the title of king of the Han Dynasty by Xiang Yu, but his family members were still in Peixian county. In August of the same year, Liu Bang ordered generals Wang Zhao and Xue ou to leave Wuguan because the army of Nanyang mausoleum wanted to welcome Liu Taigong, LV Zhi and other Liu Bang's family members. When Chu sent troops to Yangxia, Han army could not advance.

In April of the second year of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), the Han Army captured Pengcheng, the capital of Chu. Xiang Yu and his cavalry quickly returned to defense and fought against the Han Army in suishui. The Han army was defeated, and Lu Zhi and other Liu Bang's family members were captured by the Chu army. It was not until September 203 B.C. (the fourth year of the Han Dynasty) that the peace negotiation Party of Chu and Han Dynasties was released back to the Han Dynasty.

When she returned to Liu Bang, she found that Liu Bang had already had Mrs. Qi. Because she was older than Mrs. Qi, she often stayed behind. Mrs. Qi was the companion of Liu Bang.

The dispute of seizing the right

In June of the second year of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), Liu Bang made Liu Ying, the son of Lu pheasant, the crown prince. However, after he became emperor, he wanted to make Ruyi, the son of Qi Ji, the crown prince on the ground that Liu Yingren was not like me because Ruyi was like me. Mrs. Qi was so blessed that she often followed Gaozu to Kanto, weeping day and night, trying to make her son the prince. Zhou Chang, Shu Suntong and other ministers of the central government firmly opposed the abolition of the elder and the establishment of the younger.

Someone set up a plan for Empress Lu to find Zhang Liang. Empress Lu asked his brother Lu Ze to hijack Zhang Liang and force him to offer advice. Zhang Liang said to Lu Ze, "Your Majesty can really listen to my opinions when the war is difficult. But now it's because of love that you want to abolish the elders and establish the juveniles. It's no longer something that can be settled by saying. However, the four nobles of Shangshan (the four senior nobles living in seclusion in Shangshan), whom your majesty highly valued, were never invited because they thought that your majesty had always been arrogant to his subordinates. If you think of a way to ask the four haos of Shangshan to come out to assist the prince, and let them accompany the prince every day, especially when they go to court, your majesty will surely see them. Your majesty knows that Sihao of Shangshan can help the prince. " Empress Lu immediately put it into practice. Empress Lu sent Lu Ze to bring the prince's personal letter and a generous gift to invite the "four haos of Shangshan" out of the mountain. All the four high-ranking scholars came.

In 195 B.C., Liu Bang put an end to the British Bolshevik rebellion. However, Liu Bang was wounded by a deadly arrow for the second time. Moreover, the diseases caused by arrow injuries are more serious. At this time, Liu Bang had a premonition that human life had an end; therefore, Liu Bang's desire to abolish the crown prince was even stronger. Zhang Liang's dissuasion failed, and he stopped going to court. As the crown prince, shusuntong remonstrated with death, and Liu Bang pretended to obey. In fact, his idea of abolishing the crown prince remained unchanged.

At a court banquet, Liu Bang found that there were four old people in their eighties around the prince. Their beards and eyebrows were white, and they were very particular about their clothes and hats. Liu Bang was very strange and asked them: who are you? Four old people came forward to answer, and each reported his name: dongyuangong, Mr. Luli, qiliji, xiahuanggong. Liu Bang was greatly surprised when he heard that: "I asked you for many years, you escape me. Why follow my son? " The four old men replied, "Your Majesty despises reading and likes to curse people. We were determined not to be humiliated, so we fled because of fear. Now it's said that the prince is benevolent, filial and respectful. He loves all the scholars in the world. All the people in the world are willing to work hard for the prince, so we're here. " Liu Bang said: "please take good care of the prince for me."

The four old men drank and left. Looking at the four old people who left, Liu Bang pointed to them and said to Mrs. Qi, "I want to change the crown prince. The four of them help him. The crown prince's wings have been formed and it's hard to change. Empress Lu is really your master. " When Mrs. Qi heard this, she immediately burst into tears. Liu Bang said, "dance a Chu dance for me, and I'll sing a Chu song for you." The lyrics say: "the Swan flies high, a thousand miles. The wings are ready to cross the world. What else can we do to cross the world. Even if there are bows and arrows, what's the use for high flying swans? " Since then, Liu Bang never mentioned the abolition of the crown prince.

Killing meritorious officials

After returning to the Han Dynasty, LV Zhi became an important figure in the decision-making group of the Han Dynasty. Empress Lu has a resolute character. In order to consolidate her power, she began to kill people. The first one she chose was Han Xin, who had been abolished as the Marquis of Huaiyin and lived under surveillance. While Liu Bang was fighting abroad, she killed Han Xin with Xiao He, thus successfully deterring other meritorious officials. Before long, Peng Yue, the king of Liang Dynasty, was deposed as a commoner by Liu Bang and exiled to Shu. On the way, Peng pleaded not guilty when he met LV pheasant. LV pheasant agreed to intercede for him and take him back to Xianyang. She said to Liu Bang, "if you let Peng Yue go, it's like letting the tiger go back to the mountain." Liu Bang then executed him, killed him, chopped him into meat sauce and gave it to other princes.

During the eight years when Liu Bang became emperor, empress Lu assisted Liu Bang in suppressing rebellion and cracking down on separatist forces, which played an important role in consolidating the unified regime of the Han Dynasty and fully prepared her for taking power in the future.

In 195 B.C., Liu Bang's condition worsened, and LV Zhi sent a good doctor to treat it. Knowing that he was critically ill, Liu Bang gave the doctors money to drive them away and refused treatment. Seeing that Liu Bang was dead, LV Zhi went to Liu Bang's bed to ask about the personnel of key positions in the country because of the stability of the country's political situation.

LV Zhi asked: "Your Majesty, a hundred years later, Xiao Xiangguo has also died. Who can replace him?" Liu Bang replied, "Cao can." Lu Zhi then asked Cao Shen about his successor. Liu Bang said, "the mausoleum is OK. But the mausoleum is simple and honest. Chen Ping can help him. Chen Ping has a lot of talent, but he can't be alone. Zhou Bo is loyal and honest, and his culture is not high, but it is he who can stabilize Liu's family and let Zhou Bo serve as the Taiwei. "

Lu Zhi still wanted to ask, but Liu Bang said, "in the future, things are not what you can know, that is, you can't live that long."

Later, the important personnel of the imperial court were basically arranged according to the results of the interview. Although Shen Shiqi was once the Prime Minister of Zuo after the royal mausoleum, he mainly served LV pheasant and did not manage affairs. Chen Ping also pretends to protect himself and does not care about political affairs

Chinese PinYin : Lv Hou