Dorgon

Aixinjueluo Dorgon

Aixinjueluo Dorgon

(November 17, 1612 - December 31, 1650), the 14th son of Nurhachi and the second son of Abahai. Ming Wanli forty years (1612) was born in hetuala (now Xinbin County, Liaoning Province old city). He was an outstanding statesman and militarist in the early Qing Dynasty.

In 1626, Dorgon was granted the title of Baile; in 1628, Dorgon, 17 years old, went out with Huang Taiji to fight against the Chahar tribe of Mongolia. Because of his military achievements, he was given the title of "mergen daiqing" and became the leader of Zhengbai banner. In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Dorgon and others led their troops to surrender ezhe, the son of lindan Khan of Mongolia, and obtained the imperial seal. In the first year of Chongde (1636), he was granted Prince heshuorui because of his military achievements. In December, he went to Korea with Huang Taiji and took part in the battle of Bingzi. He conquered Jianghua island and captured the family members of the king of Korea. From 1641 to 1642, Chongde made outstanding achievements in the Songjin war. After the death of Huang Taiji, duo Ergun and Ji erharang assisted the ninth son of Huang Taiji, Fulin, who was called Regent. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), they commanded the Qing troops to enter the pass, and the Qing Dynasty came to the Central Plains, and successively granted the titles of Uncle Regent, uncle regent and father Regent.

Shunzhi seven years (1650) winter, died on the way to the northern hunting, posthumous as“

Chengzong in Qing Dynasty

”, posthumous title

Mao de Xiu Yuan Guang Ye Ding Gong An Min Li Zheng Cheng Jing Yi Emperor

. Two months later, in February 1651, Dorgon was deprived of his title and his tomb was excavated. In 1778, Emperor Qianlong rehabilitated him and restored the title of Prince Rui. He evaluated him as "the most outstanding one in the cause of establishing the country, opening up the foundation, and achieving unification".

Life of the characters

Youth

On October 25, 1612, the 40th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Dorgon was born in hetuala City, Zuowei, Jianzhou. His name means "badger" in Manchu. Her mother's name is Abahai. She is the daughter of urabelmantai. She is 31 years younger than Nurhachi. She married Nurhachi when she was 12 years old in November of the 29th year of Wanli (1601). In the first year of Tianming (1616, the 44th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi established Houjin, which was named Tianming. Two years later, Nurhachi denounced heaven with "seven great hatreds" and launched an attack on the Ming Dynasty, which opened the prelude to the war of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the victory of the Ming war, the internal conflicts of the later Jin Dynasty also occurred constantly. In September of the fifth year of Tianming (the 48th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, 1620), Nurhachi announced that he would dethrone the crown prince of Da beiledeshan, and "established Amin, manggurtai, Huangtaiji, deglei, yuetuo, jierharang, azige, Duoduo and duoergun as Heshuo Erzhen" to discuss the state affairs. That is to say, from then on, Dorgon became one of the eight year olds who participated in national politics.

His mother Abahai was named dafujin after the death of Fucha gundai. Therefore, because Nurhachi loved his family, it is reasonable for Dorgon and his brothers azig and dodo to rise in status. In addition, Dai Shan gradually lost his father's favor, but also listened to the slander of his later wife and abused his own son Shuo Tuo, which brought the people who coveted his status to speak against him, resulting in the above-mentioned "Prince" status being dethroned. In this way, under the system of Nurhachi ruling the country together, the Dorgon brothers became one of the balance forces for the first time.

At this time, Dorgon was not the flag leader Baylor, but only his younger brother dodo, who was 15 Niu Lu each. After all, he was still a minor child, and his political status was not as good as azig or even dodo. In the years of destiny, Dorgon was not seen in many major activities. During the celebration ceremony on the first day of the first lunar month in the first year of Tianming (the 44th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, 1616), among the dignitaries who could worship Nurhachi in person, azig and dodo ranked sixth and seventh respectively, while Dorgon was not allowed to participate in it. Nevertheless, in addition to the four great Baileys and Nai brothers and Nai brothers, Dorgon was the master with the most cattle records, surpassing dege Lei, ji'erharang, abatai and others. At that time, Dorgon was also a powerful Taiji.

Chu Jianxun

In 1626, Nurhachi died of illness and Abahai was forced to die. When his parents died, Dorgon was only 15 years old. In the second year of Tiancong (1628, the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), the year after his mother died, Dorgon followed his brother Huangtaiji into the Chahar tribe of Mongolia. Dorgon made great contributions to the war and defeated the enemy in aomuleng. Huang Taiji gave it to him“

Morgan daiqing

”A smart commander. This year, Dorgon was 16 years old. In the third year of Tiancong (the second year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1629), duo Ergun followed Huang Taiji to break into the Ming Dynasty frontier fortress from longjingguan, and captured han'erzhuang with beilemanguertai, approaching Tongzhou and Beijing. In addition, he defeated yuan Chonghuan and Zu dashou's reinforcements outside Guangqumen and destroyed the Ming Dynasty's reinforcements at Shanhaiguan in Jizhou. In the fourth year of Tiancong (the third year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1630), the main army that attacked Beijing returned to the dynasty. Duoergun and manggurtai took the lead and defeated the Ming army.

In the fifth year of Tiancong (the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1631), Huangtaiji set up six departments and ordered duoergun to take charge of the affairs of the Department of officials. In the battle of attacking Dalinghe, Dorgon personally rushed to the bottom of Dalinghe City, where the guns were fierce and the later Jin army suffered many casualties. Zudashou agreed to surrender Jinzhou. On the night of October 29, Dorgon and Bayle abatai led 4000 troops, pretended to be defeated, and planned to attack Jinzhou. The Ming army of Jinzhou met Dorgon and defeated the Ming army of Jinzhou.

In May of the sixth year of Tiancong (the fifth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), Dorgon enlisted in Chahar. In the seventh year of Tiancong (the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1633), Huang Taiji discussed with Zhu Baile and his ministers the grand plan of further rejuvenating the country. Huang Taiji asked the ministers which place to fight first in Ming Dynasty, Korea and Chahar. Dorgon insisted that Zhengming should be the first. Starting from the strategic purpose of shaking the foundation of the Ming Dynasty and then seizing the national power, he suggested that Huang Taiji reorganize his troops every year, go deep into the Ming territory when the millet is ripe, besiege Yanjing, cut off his reinforcements, destroy his fortresses, and consume his national strength. Dorgon's construction strategy was adopted by Huang Taiji. Because the area outside the mountain Customs was still heavily guarded by the Ming Dynasty, the army of the Eight Banners bypassed the Mongolian area, crossed the Great Wall, went deep into the territory of the Ming Dynasty many times, ravaged the land and people, and dealt a heavy blow to the Ming Dynasty.

When the later Jin Dynasty conquered and appeased the Mongolian tribes, only the Chahar tribe, led by lindan Khan, refused to surrender and always took an attitude of confrontation with the later Jin Dynasty. In February of the ninth year of Tiancong (the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1635), Huang Taiji ordered Dorgon and others to lead ten thousand troops to the Hetao area of the Yellow River to appease the Chahar tribe. The march went smoothly, and Lin Dan Han's wife Nang Nang Fujin, Su Tai Fujin, and Lin Dan Han's son EZHEN were successively recruited. Lin Dan Han once received a jade seal handed down from the Yuan Dynasty, on which there were four words of "the treasure of making a patent". Dorgon presented the jade seal to Huang Taiji. Therefore, the officials called the emperor Taiji emperor.

To be appointed to administer the government

During the New Year celebration ceremony in the first month of the tenth year of Tiancong (the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1636), Dorgon led Zhu Baile to salute Huang Taiji, which is quite different from the situation 12 years ago. In April of that year, Huang Taiji became emperor and changed his name to the Qing Dynasty, and duoergun was granted the title of emperor

Prince heshuorui

He was only twenty-four years old. Since then, it has been more reused. After the victory of azig, Dorgon returned to the army. In December, Huang Taiji personally fought in Korea, which was known as the battle of Bingzi in history, accompanied by Dorgon. In the first month of the second year of Chongde (the tenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1637), Huang Taiji ordered duoergun to attack Jianghua Island, captured the family members of the king of Korea, and limited his troops to "no killing". On the fifth day of April, Dorgon memorialized and escorted the Korean hostages, Mr. and Mrs. Zhao xianshizi, Mr. and Mrs. Li Zhen, Fenglin Grand Prince, and 182 accompanying officials, servants and family members to Shengjing.

In the third year of Chongde (the 11th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1638), Huang Taiji attacked kalka, and duoergun was responsible for staying. Duoergun built duerbi city in Liaoyang, named Pingcheng after the completion of the construction, and then built the avenue from Shengjing to Liaohe. On August 23, Emperor Taiji ordered Dorgon, Prince of Rui, to be the "appointed general" in the southern expedition to the Ming Dynasty. The southern expedition was divided into two routes. Behlehuge was in the left wing army led by Dorgon. The left wing army entered the pass from waiziling and Dongjiakou, plundered Shanxi, broke Jinan, and killed Lu Xiangsheng, the governor of Xuanda of Ming Dynasty; then they plundered Tianjin and Qian'an to the north, returned from qingshanguan, swept thousands of miles back and forth, and returned to Liaodong in March of the fourth year of Chongde (the twelfth year of Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty, 1639). They conquered 36 cities, recruited 6 soldiers, defeated 17 enemies, and captured 260000 people and animals. In the battle of Songjin from the sixth year of Chongde (the fourteenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1641) to the seventh year of Chongde (the fifteenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1642), both sides invested more than 100000 troops in the battle. At first, the Qing army was led by Dorgon and jierharang, and then Huang Taiji came to reinforce them. After two years of fierce fighting, the Ming army was defeated. Hong Chengchou was captured and surrendered in Songshan City, and Zu dashou surrendered in Jinzhou City. After the decisive battle of Songjin, Ningyuan was the only city left to the east of Shanhaiguan in Ming Dynasty.

When Huang Taiji changed the official system, he handed over the official department, the head of the six departments, to duoergun. According to his recommendation, Huang Taiji promoted Xi Fu, fan Wencheng, Bao Chengxian, ganglin and other literary officials to the next level, and used their wisdom to govern the country. According to his suggestion, Huang Taiji also made a major reform of government institutions and determined the eight yamen system. In addition, Wen Chen's military general's

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