Deng Zhi

Deng Zhi

Deng Zhi (178-251), the word Bo Miao. Yiyang County Xinye county (now Xinye County, Henan Province) people. After Deng Yu, a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an important official and general of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms period.

In his early years, Deng Zhi was predicted to be a great general. Later, he was appointed as PI Ling by Liu Bei and was promoted to the prefect of Guanghan. Because he was an official with integrity and achievements, he was drafted into the court as a minister. After Liu Bei's death, he was sent to the state of Wu to repair the relationship between the two countries, which was highly appreciated by Sun Quan, the great emperor of Wu. In 228, the prime minister Zhuge Liang planned the Northern Expedition and ordered Deng Zhi and General Zhao Yun to feint to attack the city in order to attract the main force of Cao Zhen's army. In the 12th year of Jianxing (234), he moved to the former military division and general, led the governor of Yanzhou, granted the Marquis of yangwuting, and soon led the governor of Jiangzhou. Yan Xi six years (243 years), moved to general Che Qi, after granted holiday. He led the army to put down the Fuling rebellion. In 251, Deng Zhi died of illness.

Deng Zhi is honest and simple, and does not deliberately modify his mood. He has been a general for more than 20 years. He has been clear-cut in rewards and punishments and sympathized with soldiers. His clothes and food were taken from the government. He had never run private property. His wife and children even suffered from hunger. When he died, there was no surplus property in his family.

Photo source: Tang's genealogy in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province

Life of the characters

Early experience

After Deng Yu, a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Deng Zhi settled in Shu at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Zhang Yu was good at face-to-face work in Yizhou, and Deng Zhi asked him to face him. Zhang Yu said to Deng Zhi, "you are over 70 years old, and you will be a great general, and you will be a marquis." When Deng Zhi learned that Pang Xihao, the Brazilian prefect, had made friends with scholars, he went to attach himself to him.

In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Liu Bei was in charge of Yizhou, and Deng Zhi was appointed as the governor of Picheng mansion. One day, Liu Bei passed by pixheng and talked with Deng Zhi. He was very surprised. He was promoted to Pixing and later to Guanghan Prefecture. During his tenure, he was honest, rigorous and had a lot of achievements in governance, so he became a minister in the court.

Mission to Soochow

In 223, Liu Bei died in Yong'an. Before, Sun Quan sent envoys to make peace to repair the cracks caused by the battle of Yiling. Liu Bei also sent Song Wei, Fei Yi and Wu to respond. But now that Liu Bei has passed away, Prime Minister Zhuge Liang worries that Sun Quan's attitude will change when he learns of the news, and he doesn't know how to deal with it. At this time, Deng Zhi met Zhuge Liang and said, "now the Lord (Liu Chan) is young and has not been in power for a long time. He should send envoys to tie up with Dongwu again." Zhuge Liang replied, "I've thought about it for a long time. I don't know who to appoint. Now I've found it." When Deng Zhi asked who it was, Zhuge Liang said, "I'm the ambassador." So Deng Zhi was sent to the state of Wu.

After Deng Zhi arrived, Sun Quan was really puzzled. He didn't meet Deng Zhi immediately. Deng Zhi went up to the table to see Sun Quan himself and said, "I'm here for the state of Wu, not just for the Shu Han." Sun Quan then met him and said to Deng Zhi, "I sincerely wanted to make peace with the Shu Han people, but I'm afraid that the master of Shu was young, small and difficult. If Cao Wei took advantage of Xu's attack, he would not be able to save himself, so I feel very hesitant."

Deng Zhi replied: "the combination of Wu and Shu has four states. Your majesty is a world-famous hero, and Zhuge Liang is also an outstanding talent in the contemporary era. It is natural for Shu to stand in the way of the Yangtze River, which can be divided into two states. Now if you want to commit yourself to Wei, Wei will ask you to go to the court to worship. At least, he will ask the prince to be the proton. If you don't comply with the order, there will be reason to attack. Our country will certainly see the advantage and move forward. In this way, the land of Jiangnan will no longer be owned by the king. " Sun Quan thought for a long time before he said, "what you said is true." He broke off his relationship with Wei and made peace with the Shu Han Dynasty, and sent his minister Zhang Wen to visit.

When Zhang Wen's envoy was about to return, Shu Han sent Deng Zhi to Wu again. Sun Quan said to Deng Zhi, "if the world is peaceful and two monarchs rule separately, wouldn't it be very happy?" But Deng Zhi said to him, "heaven has no two days, and earth has no two masters. If, after the fall of the state of Wei, the king did not know the destiny of heaven. The people who serve as the monarch will try their best to show their benevolence, the people who serve as the ministers will try their best to show their loyalty, and the people who serve as the generals will hold the hammer and beat the drum. The war has just begun. " Sun Quan laughed and said, "you are really sincere." In his letter to Zhuge Liang, Sun Quan said: "Ding Zhen's words are extravagant and flashy, and his Yin can't be finished; only Deng Zhi can make peace with the two countries."

To lure the enemy into the valley

In the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang prepared for the Northern Expedition and settled in Hanzhong. He served as Deng Zhi's central supervisor and General Yang Wu. He feigned an attack on Wei city with General Zhao Yun. As a suspicious soldier, he attracted the main force of Wei state led by Cao Zhen and had a stalemate with him.

Later, because Ma Su was defeated by Zhang Ying in the battle of Jieting, the suspicious soldiers in Jigu were exposed and attacked by Cao Zhen's main force. Fortunately, Zhao Yun himself broke up the post and gathered the people to defend, so that he did not get hurt and retreated safely. After the war, Zhuge Liang mentioned in Shangshu the reasons for the failure of the Shu Han Army in Jieting and Jigu Wars: "Jieting violates the fate of the que, Jigu does not give up the loss, the blame lies in the minister's appointment."

Appease the rebellion

In 234, Zhuge Liang died of illness. Deng Zhi was promoted to the rank of former military strategist and general. He was appointed governor of Yanzhou, Marquis of Yangwu Pavilion, and then governor of Jiangzhou. Sun Quan and Deng Zhi exchanged greetings many times and presented rich gifts.

In the sixth year of Yanxi reign (243), he moved to be a general of motorcycles and was later granted a holiday.

In 248, the people of Fuling killed the Duwei and rebelled. Deng Zhi led the army to fight against him and made the people live in peace.

In 251, Deng Zhi died.

Character evaluation

General comments

Deng Zhi has been a general for more than 20 years. He has made a clear decision on rewards and punishments and sympathized with the soldiers. His clothes and food were taken from the government, and his private property was not controlled. His wife even had days of hunger and cold, and when she died, there was no surplus property in the family. His character is strong and simple, and he can't modify his mood, so no scholars have made friends with him, and he has little respect for the people at that time, only Jiang Wei.

Historical evaluation

Zhang Yu: you are over 70 years old. You are a great general and a marquis.

Sun Quan: first, the honest money of you should be evil! ② In the two countries of harmony, Deng Zhi was the only one.

Chen Shou: 1. Deng Zhi is faithful and bright, and he forgets his family when he is in office, Zhang Yikang is sharp, Jiang Weizhi is sharp, and Zongyu is strict with Sun Quan. ② At that time, Deng Zhi was in the East, Ma Zhong in the south, and Ping in the north. ③ Zhi has been a general for more than 20 years. He is a good judge of rewards and punishments and a good sympathizer of soldiers. His wife was hungry and cold. On the day of his death, the family had no money left. It's hard and simple in nature, and it's not the sum of people. ④ Deng Zhi is faithful and bright, and forgets his home when he is in office.

Hu Yin: Ma Su is responsible for the failure of Jieting, while Deng Zhi is responsible for the failure of Jigu. There are more soldiers than thieves, but they are defeated by thieves, and Zhuge Gong thinks that the disease lies in one person.

Anecdotes and allusions

Proud and strong character

Deng Zhi is so proud and strong that even the general's military expenditure is courteous to him. Only Zong Yu refuses to give in to him. When I returned to Korea from Jiangzhou, I saw Zong Yu and asked, "in terms of etiquette and law, people aged 60 can't join the army, but why can you command the army now?"

Zong Yu replied, "you are 70 years old and still have military power. Why can't I be 60 years old?"

The nature of violation

According to the records of Huayang state annals, when Deng Zhi went to Fuling, he saw many black apes in Yuanshan. Deng Zhi was good at bowing and crossbow, so he shot the apes himself and hit them with one arrow. The ape pulled out the arrow and rolled the bark and leaves to stop the wound. "Well, I'm against the nature of species, and I'm going to die," Deng said

Another story is that Deng Zhi saw an ape holding a child ape in a tree, shooting him with a crossbow and hitting the mother ape. The child ape pulled an arrow for the mother ape, rolled up the bark and leaves to plug the wound. Deng Zhi sighed and threw the crossbow into the water, knowing that he would die.

Relative members

mother

Zheng Tiansheng is recorded in Zhengao and other biographies of Liu Rushi.

Son

Deng Liang inherited the title of Deng Zhi. He was the left elected Minister of the book of Shang when he was in charge of the post of Shu. He was the official of Guanghan in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Age research

Zhang Yu's fortune telling for Deng Zhi was that at the age of 70, he was a general and a marquis. In 243, Deng Zhi was appointed as a general with a position equivalent to that of a general. If Zhang Yu guesses correctly, Deng Zhi was born around 171 years ago. According to the records of the Three Kingdoms, Deng Zhi was accused by Zongyu that he did not give up military power at the age of 70. Therefore, in general, Deng Zhi was born between 168 and 177 years old and died at the age of 80.

According to Cihai (Sixth Edition), Deng Zhi was born in 178.

Commemoration of later generations

The hall of marquis Wu in the southern suburb of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, is located in the East corridor of the east side hall of Liubei hall. Fourteen statues are carved to commemorate the Wen Chen corridor of the Shu Han Dynasty. Among them, the statue of Deng Zhi is the seventh. It was made in the 29th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1849). The 14 statues of Wen Chen were Pang Tong, Jian Yong, Lu Kai, Fu Yi, Fei Yi, Dong He, Deng Zhi, Chen Zhen, Jiang Wan, Dong Yun, Qin MI, Yang Hong, Ma Liang and Cheng Ji.

Historical records

Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms Volume 4 15 Shu Shu Shu 15 Deng Zhang Zong Yang Chuan 15

There are also records in Zizhi Tongjian and Huayang Guozhi.

Memorial of tomb site

According to the records of Xianfeng Zitong county annals, Deng Zhi's tomb is located in Wuli, southwest of Zitong county.

Artistic image

Literary image

In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the image of Deng Zhi is similar to the official history. He was originally under Liu Zhang, a herdsman in Yizhou. Liu Bei surrendered when he took Shu. Deng Zhi offered Zhuge Liang a plan to unite Wu with Cao, and was ordered to send an envoy to Dongwu. He successfully completed his mission and was respected by Sun Quan. On the occasion of the first northern expedition, Deng Zhi served as the commander of the central army, and together with Zhao Yun, he ambushed his troops in Jigu. Later, the Shu army retreated, but Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi's troops did not lose their generals. Deng Zhi later garrison Jiangzhou, official to the general riding.

Chinese PinYin : Deng Zhi