Duke Lu

Duke Lu

Duke Lu, surnamed Ji, named Shen, is the son of Duke Lu Zhuang. He was the 18th monarch of the state of Lu in the spring and Autumn period. He was in power from 659 BC to 627 BC for 33 years.

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In 662 B.C., Duke Hong of Lu Zhuang, his successors, Gongzi ban and Duke min of Lu, were under the control of Qingfu, the younger brother of Duke Zhuang. They were in power for two months and two years respectively. Finally, Ji You assisted Ji Shen, a young man, to ascend the throne for Duke Lu. Ji You's power was not small, and he really played a role as a pillar in the state of Lu. Gradually, Duke Fu was able to use the power of Sanhuan and other officials (such as Zang Wenzhong) to restrain each other, and the monarch gradually improved.

By the death of Ji you and Gong Sun Zi in the 16th year of Yu Gong, Yu Gong had completely mastered the state affairs. In the 17th year (643 BC), Duke Huan of Qi died, and the state of Qi was in civil strife. Until the war between Jin and Chu in 632 BC, the world was in a state of "no uncle". The international situation was unpredictable, and the survival environment of small and medium-sized countries was extremely harsh. It is in the specific historical period and environment of these 10 years that Duke Lu devoted his endless efforts to show us his amazing superb political wisdom and resourceful and strange coping ability, which once almost made a qualitative leap in the state of Lu.

Smart calculation

Duke Huan of Lu (711-694 B.C.) was really mediocre in governing the country. Moreover, his wife (Wen Jiang) had an affair with his eldest brother-in-law (Duke Xiang of Qi) and was killed in Qi. However, such a weak master is good at giving birth to Jiazi: not only Duke Zhuang of Lu is wise and capable (later, although Qi's hegemony was established, he still won enough respect for the overlord by virtue of his outstanding performance, as can be seen from the "Cao GUI debate"), but also the three sons of Qingfu, Shuya and Jiyou (their family name is "Sanhuan" and eventually elevated the monarch) They're all great characters. In 662 B.C., the struggle for power and inheritance of the state of Lu began. In a word, after two years of chaotic struggle, in 659 B.C., Shu Ya, Gong Zi ban, min Gong and Qing Fu died one after another. Finally, Ji You assisted Ji Shen, a young man, to ascend the throne for the Duke of Lu (659-627 B.C.).

In the end, he once again confirmed the cold maxim that "the plan depends on people and the success depends on heaven".

Song Xiang seeks hegemony

At that time, the world situation was extremely complicated. It seems that song Xianggong is the successor of the overlord appointed by Duke Huan of Qi. In the past 642, he calmed down the civil strife of Qi. He almost wanted to be a overlord, even to the point of begging! It was only in 638 B.C. that Lu Yugong was defeated by the state of Chu that his dream was completely shattered. In the past five or six years, Duke Lu has not been idle. He has seen through the farce of Duke song Xianggong for a long time

1. While there was no overlord, he fished in troubled waters, attacked the neighboring small country Ying, occupied the land, and gained substantial benefits.

2. He joined the state of Chu and other princes in the state of Qi, and gradually strengthened ties with the state of Chu, because the state of Chu was likely to become a new overlord at that time.

3. They competed with Qi for the control of the East. In fact, after Duke Huan of Qi, it was more than enough for the state of Qi to be a local leader in the East, but the internal situation was so turbulent that the sons of Duke Huan of Qi took turns to be the king for 43 years, which shows the fierce struggle for power! So smart and ambitious Lu also wanted to bully it. At that time, the eastern situation: Wei, Xing and di were mortal enemies, Qi supported Xing, and Lu formed an alliance with Wei and LV to confront Qi and Xing. However, the fact shows that the Duke of Lu is still too arrogant. Although Wei had a great advantage over Xing (Wei defeated Xing in 635 BC), Qi failed in diplomacy and sent troops to attack Lu in 634 BC.

According to Chu system

At that time, judging from the comparison of national strength, Lu was not Qi's opponent at all. Duke Lu sent Zhan Xi to talk about peace. Zhan Xi learned some wonderful words from his elder brother Zhan Qin (i.e. Liu Xiahui) (it's really wonderful, I won't quote them here), and unexpectedly withdrew what Qi Xiaogong said. However, Duke Lu's move was only a tactic of delaying the war. Immediately, he sent his son Sui and Zang Wenzhong to the state of Chu to borrow troops. At this time, the state of Chu ordered Yin Ziyu to seek hegemony ambitiously and attack the disobedient state of song. Of course, he would not miss this good opportunity.

In the winter of 634 BC, Chu and Lu attacked and defeated the state of Qi, occupied the "hub" area, and arranged Yong, the son of Duke Huan of Qi, to wait for the throne at any time. This is really a powerful and vicious move. At this time, Lu took the lead in forming an alliance with the powerful Chu state, threatening Qi state. If Ziyu succeeds, Lu's attempt to control Qi State and seek hegemony in the East is very likely to come true. But the gifted Duke Wen of Jin made his dream come to nothing.

The battle of Chu

"Zuo Zhuan · the fourth year of Duke Lu's reign (656 BC)" records: in the spring of this year, the alliance of Lu, song, Chen, Wei, Zheng, Xu, Cao and other countries led by the small white belt of Duke Qi Huan at that time attacked Chu fiercely in the South. King Chu Cheng sent envoys to Duke Qi Huan to question: "you are in the North Sea, and I am in the South China Sea. Only the wind, horse, and Ox are not related to each other. Why is it that you are involved in our land?" Guan Zhong of Duke Huan of Qi replied: in those days, the Duke of Zhaokang of the Zhou royal family authorized the founder of the state of Qi, Jiang Taigong, and the ninth uncle of the five Marquis, to help the emperor of Zhou manage the world. You Chu did not pay tribute to the emperor, so that the emperor did not have straw to filter the dregs of wine, and there were no objects to sacrifice to the God. What's more serious is that King Zhou Zhao, the emperor of that year, went on a tour to the South and died in Chu. What's your responsibility? The envoy of the state of Chu said: it's really our fault that we didn't pay tribute to the royal family. We'll send it as soon as possible. But if you want to say that the death of King Zhao on the South patrol road has anything to do with us, please go and ask the people next to him when he died!

To find an excuse for attacking Chu, unexpectedly, the Allied forces of Duke Huan of Qi still marched. At this time, the king of Chu sent Qu Wan to negotiate with the Allied forces. Duke Huan of Qi put his troops in formation for Qu Wan to visit and boasted, "who can fight with this? Why can't we attack the city with this? " He wanted to give Qu Wan a blow, but he didn't expect that other people would not take it at all. He said solemnly: "if you are suing the princes with virtue, who dares not accept it? If you use your strength, the square city of the state of Chu is the city, and the Han River is the pool ——Isn't it true that your coalition forces are numerous and powerful, but if you don't subdue people with virtue, the state of Chu will take Fangcheng mountain as the wall and the Han River as the moat to stand up and resist. Come on! After a war of words, the Allied forces had to make an alliance with Qu Wan to take their troops home.

Ride the wall and turn the rudder

At that time, the struggle of Jin and Chu for hegemony in the Central Plains had become white hot. Wei state, as a firm ally of Lu and Chu, became the front line of Jin Wengong's attack. At that time, Lu and Chu all sent troops to defend Wei state, but they still couldn't defeat Jin army. At this time, it was a critical moment to determine the fate of Lu state. History shows that if you stand in the wrong team, the consequences will be very tragic, and until the decisive battle, the number of winners and losers of Jin and Chu is still uncertain. What should I do? At this time, Duke Lu's unique skill was amazing: he killed the general of the guard of the state of Lu. He told the state of Jin that gongzimai had nothing to do with the monarch. So killing him showed that the state of Lu had no hostility to the state of Jin. He also sent someone to say to the state of Chu: the young master didn't fight well and didn't help the state of Chu fight well, so he killed him. At that time, all the vassals in the world took part in the war. When the losses were heavy, the state of Lu stood on the sidelines and did not lose any damage! First, it was because the competent officials of the state of Lu were really powerful at that time, and their speeches were really confusing. Second, Jin and Chu are brewing a life and death war to determine their fate, so they have no time to investigate so many details.

During the Chengpu war, the Allied forces of Jin, Qi, Qin, and song defeated the Allied forces of Chu, Wei, Chen, and CAI, and the Duke Wen of Jin won the whole battle and established the hegemony completely. Lu also tactfully participated in the alliance of Jian Tu and Wen, which was presided over by Jin State, and became a victorious state. In 31 years, Lu Fu Gong actively approached Jin State and shared the land of Wei state (the land of Jixi), a defeated state (former ally). In 33 years, Gong entered Qi and basically restored the relations between the two countries. Then he died.

The allusion of miexiang

Guru, belongs to the item. In Zuozhuan, in the 17th year of Duke Lu's reign, Xiang was defeated by his master in Wuyin (643 BC). The year number of each country is:

In the 10th year of King Xiang of Zhou, 43rd year of Qi Huan, 8th year of Jin Hui, 17th year of Wei Wen, 3rd year of Cai Zhuang, 3rd year of Zheng Wen, 10th year of Cao, 5th year of Chen mu, 12th year of Qi Cheng, 8th year of song Xiang, 17th year of Qin Mu, 29th year of Chu Cheng, 13th year of Xu Fu.

In the spring and Autumn period, all countries had their own year names, but they were not unified. Today's historians talk about history, but they haven't focused on it yet.

In the annals of Xiangcheng in the 28th year of Ming Dynasty, it is said that Xiangcheng belonged to Yuzhou according to Yugong's territory, and Xiang state belonged to Zhou of Shang Dynasty. Ji's family was destroyed in the 17th year of Duke Lu's reign in the spring and Autumn period. The Warring States period belonged to Chu and Yingchuan instead of Qin. "

History of Xiangcheng County in Qing Dynasty: in the territory of Yuzhou, Xiangcheng was founded by Xiang state and dun state in Zhou Dynasty. Xiang was destroyed by Lu in the 17th year of Duke Lu in the spring and Autumn period. During the Warring States period, King Xiang of Chu moved his capital to Chen, and Xiang was the other capital. "

From 643 BC to 476 BC, Xiang belonged to Gui Lu.

Lu was destroyed in Chu, Xiang belonged to Chu from 475 BC to 221 BC.

Chu was destroyed by Qin and Qin by Han.

Lu destroyed Xiang in the 17th year of Duke Fu. "Zuo Zhuan" says: "in the 17th year of Duke Lu's reign, the division destroyed Xiang, the meeting of Huai, and the affairs of the public princes. Instead of returning, they chose Xiang."

Note: "Xiang, the name of the country, is located in Xiangcheng County, Henan Province. Zuozhuan thinks Lu will be destroyed, Gongyang and Guliang think Qi will be destroyed, and Zuozhuan tells the story from beginning to end, so it should be regarded as a history of faithfulness. He also noted: "Lu Xiang is thousands of miles away, and somehow engaged in military. It is also quoted from Gong Jinghan's "notes of the quiet studio": it should be regarded as a doubt to eliminate items. " Note 3: "Gu Donggao is a great event

Chinese PinYin : Lu Xi Gong