Emperor TAIDING

Bo Er only Jin · yesun Tiemu er

Tai Ding Di Bo Er Jin Ye sun tie Mu er

(yes ü n-tem ü R, Mongolian meaning "nine iron", November 28, 1293-august 15, 1328), the sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the tenth Khan of the Mongolian Empire (reigned in 1323-1328). He is the great grandson of Kublai Khan, the great grandson of Yuzong Zhenjin, and the son of ganmala, the great emperor of Yuan Dynasty.

In his early years, he inherited his father's title of king of Jin and guarded Mobei. In 1323, the change of Nanpo took place. Yuanyingzong was killed, and tiemuer, the grandson of king of Jin, was elected emperor and changed to "TAIDING". During his reign, there was not much political change and the country was generally stable, but the Yuan Dynasty had entered a troubled period. In 1328, yesun tiemu'er died. After his death, there was a dispute over the throne. He seized the throne of his son asukiba from his nephew tutimer (yuanwenzong). He was also regarded as an "independent" illegal monarch. He did not get the title of temple, posthumous title and Mongolian Khan in Chinese. He was generally known as "TAIDING emperor" by his first year.

Life experience

Early experience

Tiemu'er, the grandson of emperor TAIDING, was born on October 29 in Guisi (1276, the 13th year of Zhiyuan recorded in the history of Yuan Dynasty in 1293), and his father was ganmala (houzhui), the king of Jin Dynasty His mother was a royal concubine of Jin Dynasty. One year before he was born, his father, gamala, was appointed king of Jin Dynasty and was ordered to go out of the town of Mobei to take charge of Genghis Khan's four great ears, army, horse and dada. Less than three months after he was born, his great grandfather, Kublai (yuan Shizu), died. As the eldest son of the old prince Zhenjin (yuan Yuzong), gamala was very hopeful of succeeding to the throne, but he was in the hulitai meeting held in Shangdu He was defeated and succeeded to the throne by Timur, the third son of Zhenjin. In the first month of the sixth year of Dade (1302), ganmala died in Mobei, and sun tiemu'er inherited the title of King Jin.

As the first great grandson of emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty, yesun tiemu'er was well received and was rewarded many times in the reign of emperor Wuzong, Emperor Renzong and Emperor Yingzong. In the third year of Zhizhi (1323), tie Shi, the imperial historian, wanted to kill yuanyingzong (also sun tiemuer's nephew), and sent his party member to tell him about his plan of killing the king and promoting the king of Jin as emperor. At that time, yesun tiemu'er was hunting in a place called Tula in the north of the desert. When he heard about the conspiracy, he imprisoned him and sent bielie to Shangdu to change. Before he could catch up, the south slope of Yingzong was killed two days later. However, after sun tiemu'er's nephew tutimer (yuanwenzong) won the throne, he accused the king of Jin of taking part in the plot to kill Yingzong. Judging from the situation at that time, when yuanyingzong carried out the reform and stopped the annual gifts of kings, sun tiemu'er's interests were undoubtedly greatly damaged. Moreover, Tieshi and others made the first murder of Khan in Mongolia since the founding of the country (it is said that Guiyou was killed by Badu, but the truth remains to be tested). They could not act rashly without a strong background. In addition, sun tiemu'er was born into the lineage of his ancestors, which is very important He may have the ambition of usurping the throne. As for the historical records that he tied up the iron loss messenger and sent someone to sue for change, maybe it was written by sun tiemu'er after he ascended the throne in order to wash off his guilt. Some people think that the so-called yesun tiemu'er's regicide is a rumor spread by Emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty to discredit emperor TAIDING.

Ascend the throne for the Emperor

After the death of yuanyingzong, the Renzong family of Yuan Dynasty has died out. Although the Shunzong family of Yuan Dynasty still has two sons of Wuzong and Shihu and tutaimur, tiemuer, the great grandson of the eldest brother of Yuan Dynasty, is most qualified to inherit the throne. On September 4, 1323, a month after Yingzong's death, yesun tiemu'er was located on the Longju River in Mobei (today's krulun River in Mongolia), and issued an imperial edict to ascend the throne, saying:

"Emperor Xue Chan pitifully saw his first grandson, Emperor Yuzong's eldest son, and my benevolent grandfather ganmala. He was granted the title of King Jin, commanding the four great ears of emperor Genghis, and paying for the army, horses and dada. In accordance with emperor Xue Chan's imperial edict, he was careful. If the army and the people didn't choose any activities, they would abide by the right way. In a few years, the people would be able to settle down. After that, Emperor Wan Zedu taught me how to inherit the throne, and Dawu gave it to me. Under the custody of the entrusted camp plate, two elder brothers, Qulu emperor, puyandu emperor and shuodebala emperor, were supported. I am tired of the emperor's foundation. I don't want to be a different person, and I don't want to be a better person. I do my duty to work with the country. Every king's brother, every brother, and every common people also pay attention to it. Today, my nephew emperor was born in heaven. The officials of the kings of Yinan, the princes' sons in law of the sergeants, and the common people of dada discussed that the great rank should not be empty for a long time, but I am the legitimate sect of emperor Xue Chan and the eldest grandson of Emperor Yuzong. There is a way for the great rank to sit on the ground, and there are no other brothers fighting for it. In this way, Yan Jia's mind is unpredictable and should be pacified The surname, which makes the world feel peaceful, has long been promoted to the throne. On the fourth day of September, he sat down in the ears of emperor Genghis. Give to the top of every peace of mind of all the people, and forgive them. "

This is the only imperial edict in vernacular in the Yuan Dynasty and even in the history of China. According to the regulations of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial edict was first written by Wen Chen in classical Chinese, and then translated into Mongolian, which was promulgated all over the world. However, sun tiemu'er's imperial edict was purely written in vernacular, and was directly "hard translated" by Mongolian. It can be seen that when he ascended the throne, there were no Han officials or people who were proficient in Chinese culture . After he ascended the throne, yesun tiemu'er first announced in the amnesty that he would forgive the crimes of treason, treason and slaying the Lord, so as to stabilize the rebellion of tie Shi, who murdered Yingzong, and then promoted tie Shi and other officials. A month later, he killed Tieshi, Yixian tiemu'er and other rebels. In November, yesun tiemu'er went to Dadu, executed and dismissed a group of Tieshi gang members, and exiled the five kings suspected of conspiracy. Another explanation of Zhang Hongzi's intention was that Zhang Hongzi killed the emperor of the Han Dynasty. In any case, sun tiemu'er's power has been consolidated, and he has entered a new era by changing his name to "TAIDING".

Five year rule

After emperor TAIDING ascended the throne, his father ganmala was Emperor guangshengrenxiao of Xianzong, his mother puyanbili was lost as Queen xuanyishusheng, and his son asukiba was crown prince. During his five years in office, he took keeping success and maintaining stability as his basic goals, which can be seen from his two year titles - "TAIDING" and "Zhihe", so there was not much change in politics.

At that time, natural disasters continued throughout the Yuan Dynasty, and famine broke out in many places. In the winter of 1323, many animals were starved to death. In July of the first year of TAIDING (1324), "the rain and hail in Longqing Prefecture are as big as chicken". Tongzhou earthquake occurred in December of the second year of TAIDING. There are serious floods and droughts in Jianghuai. In December 1327, an earthquake occurred in Ningxia. In March of 1327, the fourth year of TAIDING, the Huning earthquake occurred. In May 1327, a plague of locusts occurred in Luoyang. In August 1327, a strong earthquake occurred in Sichuan. In September 1327, another earthquake occurred in Ningxia. In July of the first year of Zhihe (1328), another earthquake occurred in Ningxia. In the face of this situation, Emperor TAIDING called all officials to discuss the countermeasures. At that time, the highest ranking Han official Zhang Xuan, Zhongshu, asked emperor TAIDING to rectify the bad politics. He put forward more than 10 suggestions, such as eliminating the iron lost party, restricting monks and Taoists, eliminating redundant officials, and stopping the purchase of Guangzhou Pearl.

During the reign of emperor TAIDING, the ethnic minorities in Huguang, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces revolted many times. In June of the second year of TAIDING (1325), Zhao Chousi and Guo Bodhisattva from Xizhou, Henan Province took "Maitreya Buddha should have the world" as the slogan to fight against the Yuan Dynasty, which was regarded by later historians as the precursor of the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Although these uprisings were not successful, it can be said that the Yuan Dynasty had entered an eventful period in the TAIDING period.

In February 1328, the fifth year of the reign of emperor TAIDING, the emperor changed the yuan to "Zhihe". On July 10, 1328, the first year of Zhihe, Emperor TAIDING died in Shangdu. At the age of 36, he was buried in qiliangu.

Most of the coups took place after the death of emperor TAIDING. Yantimur ascended to the throne as emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty with king tutimer, the son of emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty, while Lasha, the power Minister of the TAIDING Dynasty, upheld the throne of Prince asukiba as emperor Tianshun of the Yuan Dynasty. Then a brief civil war broke out between the two sides, which was a battle between the two capitals. The emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty won, and both Tianshun emperor and daolasha were killed. The father and son of emperor TAIDING and Emperor Tianshun were regarded as illegal monarchs. They did not have the title of Confucian temple and posthumous title of Han Dynasty and the name of Mongolian Khan. Ganmala was also deprived of the title of "Xianzong" temple, and withdrew the God he worshipped in the temple. The Empresses of emperor TAIDING were also given to Yan tiemu'er as concubines.

Political initiatives

Personnel policy

After emperor TAIDING ascended the throne, he adopted the policy of reconciliation in personnel to reconcile the contradictions within the ruling group as much as possible. What he valued were his subordinate ministers of long in his Jin residence in Mobei, including Xu maijie and tashitemur, who were successively prime ministers of Zhongshu right, daolasha and zhiprivy Council. Among them, daolasha was the most popular one in TAIDING Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Tai Ding Di