Xia Hou Xuan
Xia Hou Xuan
Xiahouxuan (209-254), a native of peiguoqiao county (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), was born in Taichu (records of the Three Kingdoms). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a minister, thinker, and writer. He was the son of Xia Hou Shang and the cousin of Cao Shuang.
Xiahou Xuan is rarely famous and has outstanding appearance. At that time, he was known as "Langlang, like the sun and the moon.". In the sixth year of Huangchu (225), Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty was granted the Marquis of Changling township. During the reign of emperor Wei and Ming, he served as a servant of the yellow gate and a eunuch. After succeeding to the throne, Cao Fang, the young emperor, worshipped the cavalry and the central guard to defend the imperial palace. Later, he served as a general in the West. During his term of office, he planned the battle of Luogu with Cao Shuang, which was greatly unpopular. After the coup in gaopingling, he was deprived of military power and changed to dahonglu and taichangqing. In the sixth year of Jiaping (254), Zhongshu ordered Li Feng and his cousin Zhang Ji to plot to kill Sima Shi, the general of the army, and changed to Xia houxuan. SHIXIE was killed and the three ethnic groups were annihilated. Xiahou Xuan was only 46 years old when he died. He has three volumes of anthology, which is now lost.
Politically, they put forward such systems as "judge officials and select people", "remove officials" and "change the system of obedience", which were evaluated as "all great good" by Sima Yi. He became one of the "four sages" who were knowledgeable, talented and proficient in metaphysics. He and he Yan pioneered the metaphysics of Wei and Jin Dynasties and were the early leaders of metaphysics.
Overview image source:
Life of the characters
Weak crown
Xiahou Xuan was the son of Xiahou Shang, a general in the south of China. In the sixth year of Huangchu (225), xiahoushang died, and xiahouxuan inherited his title of Marquis of Changling township.
Xia Hou Xuan had a reputation when he was young. When he was weak, he served as a servant of the yellow gate. Cao Rui, the emperor of Wei and Ming Dynasties, resented him for showing his displeasure when he sat with Mao Zeng, the younger brother of empress Mao.
Suggestions on current affairs
In the third year of Jingchu (239), Cao Fang, the young emperor, ascended to the throne. He was assisted by Cao Shuang, a cousin and general of Xia Hou Xuan (Xia Hou Xuan was the son of Cao Shuang's aunt). Xia Hou Xuan was promoted to the rank of cavalry servant and Central guard.
When Xia Hou Xuan was in the central guard army, the military officers he selected were all outstanding at that time. Later, most of the officers became famous, "muzhou Dianjun". "Wei Jin Shi Yu" said that his standard and method of selecting talents became a model for his successors.
Sima Yi, the Taifu, once talked with him about current affairs. Xia houxuan put forward such political systems as "restricting the power of the central government officials", "removing the emphasis on officials" and "changing the system of obedience", which were approved by Sima Yi. However, Sima Yi failed to implement his suggestions on the grounds of immature time and lack of talents. This was criticized by Xia houxuan. Later, he served as the general of the western expedition and the governor of the military of Yongzhou and Liangzhou.
In 244, Xia houxuan and Cao Shuang planned the battle of Luogu. He sent 60000 or 70000 soldiers to Sichuan from Luogu, but it was difficult to provide food and money, which cost a lot of manpower and materials. Sima Yiju, taking the result of the battle in Hanzhong as an example, thought that the Shu Han had been in danger, and if he did not retreat again, he would destroy the whole army. Xia houxuan is afraid, so he persuades Cao Shuang to withdraw. General Yang Wei also urges his class teacher to join the army. Cao Shuang then ordered to retreat. On the way, he was intercepted by Fei Yi, an important official of the Shu Han Dynasty, and was almost trapped. In this battle, people ridiculed that "those who run cattle and horses died and lost a little, while Qiang and Hu complained and sighed, but Guan you knew that they were wasted.".
Entering the court was restrained
In 249, marquis Xuan of Xia Dynasty was deprived of military power and was appointed as dahonglu in the dynasty. Xia Hou Xuan was restrained by Sima, but he was depressed. Since he was drafted back to the imperial court, he has never formed a clique for personal gain, nor has he kept Meiji.
According to Wei's spring and Autumn Annals, at the beginning, Xia Houba, the uncle of Xia houxuan and the guard of the expedition to Shu, was called into the dynasty with him. Xia Houba fled south to the Shu Han Dynasty and wanted to persuade Xia houxuan to leave together. Xia Hou Xuan said, "how can I surrender to the enemy country in order to survive myself?" So he accepted the imperial edict and went to the capital.
In the third year of Jiaping (251), after the death of Sima Yi, the servant Xu Yun said to Xia houxuan, "there is nothing to worry about!" But Xia Hou Xuan sighed: "Shizong (Xu Yunzi), how can you not see current affairs clearly? This man (referring to Sima Yi) can still treat me with friendship from generation to generation, but Ziyuan (SIMA Shi, the eldest son of Sima Yi) and zishang (SIMA Zhao, the second son of Sima Yi) will not tolerate me. "
To be punished with ease
In February of the sixth year of Jiaping (254), Zhongshu ordered Li Feng and Zhang Jimi, the empress's father Guanglu, to murder the general Sima Shi, and let Xia houxuan replace him as the general, while Zhang Jishi was the Hushi general. Li Feng told Huangmen supervisor Su Shuo, Yongning Department commander ledun and redundant servant Liu Xian about the incident, saying: "you are in the inner court. There are many illegal things. The general is tough and resolute. He repeatedly stressed that Zhang Dang's fate can serve as a warning." Su Shuo and others promised to obey his orders.
Sima Shi knew their plan secretly, so he asked Li Feng to meet him. After Li Feng went, he was killed immediately. This matter was handed over to the competent department, Xia houxuan, Zhang Ji, Su Shuo, ledun, Liu Xian and others were arrested and escorted to Tingwei for supervision.
Xia Hou Xuan went to Tingwei and refused to write the crime words. Zhong Yu tried the matter himself. Xia Hou Xuan was severely blamed by Zhong Yu: "what's my crime? Do you want to interrogate me as an official? Please do the confession for me Zhong Yu, because he was a famous man with a high reputation, could not give in. On that night, he wrote his guilty words, pretending to shed tears, and showed them to Xia Hou Xuan. After reading it, Xia Hou Xuan just nodded.
After that, Zhong Yu, a member of Tingwei, said: "Li Feng and others conspire to coerce the monarch, kill Zaifu, and commit treason. Please punish them according to law." Cao Fang then gathered all the officials to discuss, and all agreed with the result of Zhong Yu's sentence.
Cao Fang issued an imperial edict, saying: "Princess Qi is the flesh and blood left by the former Emperor. She forgives the death penalty of her three sons." As a result, Xia houxuan, Zhang Ji, ledun and Liu Xian were all killed, and the rest of their relatives moved to Lelang county.
In March, Xia Hou Xuan was executed in Dongshi. When he was executed, he still looked the same. He acted as if he had been executed calmly. He was 46 years old.
Main impact
Politics
In politics, Xia Hou Xuan put forward such systems as "judge officials and select people", "remove officials" and "change the system of obedience". Sima Yi, an important Minister of Cao Wei, thought that "all are good", but it was difficult to implement them.
Xia Hou Xuan was known as a wise man. He was promoted to be a talented person in the central guard army, and his selection criteria were followed by later generations.
learning
Xia Hou Xuan was erudite and talented, especially proficient in metaphysics. He was known as one of the "four CONGs". He and he Yan pioneered the metaphysics of Wei and Jin Dynasties, and was an early leader of metaphysics.
Historical evaluation
He Yan: only deep also, so can the ambition of the world, Xiahou Tai early is also.
Xuncan: a great scholar in the first year of the reign of marquis Tai of Xia Dynasty. He was modest to his son, but he could not make friends with him. If it is combined, it will be successful; if it is not, it will lead to a gap. If the two sages are noble, then the country will cease. This is Lin Xiangru, so I am honest.
Fu Meng's voice is full of emptiness and reality From my point of view, these three people are all defeated.
Chen Shou: Xuan is famous for his standard, but he is intimate with Cao Shuang both at home and abroad. He has never heard of Kuang Bi's failure to help his talents. How can we avoid it!
Pei Kai: first, Su Su is like entering a langmiao temple. People respect themselves instead of practicing respect. ② If you enter the ancestral temple, you can see the musical instruments.
Yuan Hong: at the beginning of Thailand, Yuliang is elegant. It is natural and standard. If the whole body is straight, the trace will be false. It is difficult to execute the bandits, but it is easy to keep them. All things fluctuate, which one is tired! Liu He Tu Guang, empty body Mi Ji. The king is close to nature, and the bandit is taught by the name. It is the same with respect and courtesy.
Shishuo Xinyu: at the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, the Marquis was "as bright as the sun and the moon" and Li Anguo was "as decadent as a jade mountain".
Li Han: in the early days of Thailand, the sun and the moon, the sun and the moon, the sun and the autumn.
Su Shi: Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty killed Zhou Yafu with Yang Yang, Cao Cao with fame, Ji Kang with Wolong, Xia Hou Xuan with fame, Emperor Ming of Song Dynasty killed Wang Yu with big family, empress Qi killed Hu Luguang with rumors, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty killed Li Junxian with prophecy, Empress Wu killed Peiyan with rumors.
Chen Liang: at the beginning of Xia Dynasty, the Marquis did not move at the moment of death, misfortune and happiness. His name is well deserved, but it was not the right time to meet him.
Ye Shi: Although the wisdom of Xuan may not be able to survive in Wei Dynasty, the death of Xuan and then the death of Wei will continue to cover his country.
Chen Pu: in one day, the emperor killed the emperor. In the past century, Cao and Ma lived in two ruins. King Jing seems to see the disaster of copper camel, and the root cause is to kill Taichu. Ten blood stained markets are red in the morning, and the aftereffect is even higher than that of Li Feng. Lao Tzu's Zhuangsheng is a real villain.
Hao Jing: Xuan is known as Gao Jie, which represents Yi I. The standard of his speech, deep see governance style, amiable Minister of the wind. They are easy to break, and the best ones are easy to pollute. They are very upright and have no single answer. How can they get out of the city of thieves? If you look at Xu Yun's words, you will die for a long time. You will not be afraid of coming when you walk on the edge of the sword. You will not be in chaos when you die and live. You can see what you have raised in your life. How magnificent! The bravery of the world.
Wang Fuzhi: the death of He Yan, Xia houxuan and Li Feng was the result of Sima's desire to usurp and kill them. But Shi Lianshi's theory of ridicule is not, with the text to its murderable crime, Qianqiu can have a final conclusion?
Wang Mingsheng: if Xia Hou Xuan and Li Feng were imprisoned, then Shi and Zhao would follow one another, and their rebellious deeds would be obvious. All the officials died and their families were destroyed, and they were all loyal officials of Wei Dynasty.
Li Ciming: according to Xia Hou's emphasis on virtue, uncle Ping's name is Confucian, so when the name and position were not obvious, how could he refuse to meet his friends in the inner circle, and annoy Qian to speak for him? However, the name and virtue in the early days of the Taiyuan Dynasty have been written in the ancient and modern times, so we can't be tired of each other. The Analects of Confucius of Pingshu, always listed as an official, to see the generation of Gu, straight mayfly ear.
Main works
Xia Hou Xuan was quite accomplished in literature, and his book on Yue Yi was later written by Wang Xizhi, the "sage of calligraphy" and spread all over the world. Together with He Yan and Wang Bi, they belonged to the so-called "scholar school" at that time.
According to Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, three volumes of Xia Hou Xuan's collected works (two volumes of Tang Shu Jing Ji Zhi) have been lost. Today, there are "current affairs", "reply to King Sima Xuan", "Huang Yin Fu", "Yue Yi Lun", "corporal punishment Lun" and "reply to Li Sheng"
Chinese PinYin : Xia Hou Xuan
Xia Hou Xuan
