King Huan of Zhou Dynasty

Kylin

Zhou Huan, Wang Jilin? He was the second monarch of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. He was in power from 719 BC to 697 BC.

In 720 BC, King Ping of Zhou died and King Huan of Zhou ascended the throne. After King Huan of Zhou ascended the throne, because he suppressed the power of Zheng zhuanggong, the monarch of the state of Zheng, Zhou and Zheng had a bad relationship. At last, the two sides started a war in pinge (now northeast Changge of Henan Province). General Zhu Xuan of the state of Zheng shot King Huan of Zhou on the shoulder, and the authority of the emperor of Zhou disappeared. In 697 B.C., King Huan of Zhou died, and his posthumous title was king Huan. His son Ji Tuo succeeded him to the throne and became king of Zhouzhuang.

Life of the characters

Inherit the throne

Jilin, king of zhouhuan, is the grandson of Ji Yijiu, king of Zhouping, and the son of Ji Xiefu, the prince. On March 24, the 51st year of King Ping of Zhou (the third year of Lu Yin Gong, 720 BC), King Ping of Zhou died. Because of the premature death of the prince Ji Xiefu, the ministers adopted Ji Lin, the son of Ji Xiefu, as king Huan of Zhou.

Interfere in the state of Jin

In the spring of the second year of King zhouhuan (the fifth year of Duke Lu Yin, 718 BC), King Quwo of Jin was granted the title of King Quwo, and zhuangbo of Quwo bribed king zhouhuan. He United Zheng and Xing to attack Yicheng, the capital of Jin. King zhouhuan sent doctors Yin and Wu to assist zhuangbo of Quwo. The king of the state of Jin, the Marquis of Jin e, was defeated and fled to Suiyi. In the summer of the same year, when the Marquis of Jin and e died, Quwo zhuangbo attacked Jin again. In the autumn of the same year, the king of Zhou Huan turned to support the state of Jin, and sent Guo Gong to lead the army to attack Quwo zhuangbo. Quwo zhuangbo was defeated and had to flee back to Quwo for defense. The king of Zhou Huan established the son of the Marquis of E in the Jin Dynasty, and the Marquis of E in the Jin Dynasty was the king.

Disrespectful Zheng Guo

In the third year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (the sixth year of Lu Yin Gong, 717 BC), Zheng zhuanggong, the king of Zheng State, came to see King Huan of Zhou Dynasty. This was the first time that Zheng Zhuang Gong met with King Huan of Zhou. King Huan of Zhou gave him no courtesy. The Duke of Zhou said to King Huan of Zhou, "we moved to the east by relying on the state of Jin and the state of Zheng. Being friendly to the state of Zheng is used to encourage the people who come after him. I'm afraid they won't come, let alone receive them with courtesy? Zheng will not come to court again. "

At the beginning, Rong people made a pilgrimage to the king of Zhou and sent money to Gongqing. Only Fanbo didn't treat him with a gift. In the winter of the fourth year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (the seventh year of Duke Yin of Lu, 716 BC), King Huan of Zhou Dynasty sent his uncle to visit the state of Lu. When Fanbo returned, Rong people intercepted him in Chuqiu and captured him back.

In the spring of the fifth year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (the eighth year of Duke Yin of Lu, 715 BC), Duke Zhuang of Zheng exchanged Xutian (the special field for the emperor of Zhou to sacrifice Mount Tai) with the state of Lu because he resented King Huan for not being polite to him. In the summer of the same year, King Huan of Zhou appointed Duke Guo Ji's father as the Minister of the Zhou Dynasty.

Visit the state of Lu

In the spring of the sixth year of King Huan of Zhou (the ninth year of Duke Yin of Lu, 714 BC), King Huan of Zhou sent Nanji to visit the state of Lu.

In the spring of the 12th year of King Huan of Zhou (the 4th year of Duke Huan of Lu, 708 BC), King Huan of Zhou sent Qu Bojiu, the governor, to visit the state of Lu. In the winter of the same year, King Huan of Zhou united with the state of Qin sent troops to encircle the state of Rui and captured the king of Rui.

The battle of kudzu and kudzu

In the 13th year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (the 5th year of Duke Huan of Lu, 707 BC), Zheng zhuanggong was in power as a minister in the Zhou Dynasty. King Huan of Zhou was not willing to be controlled by Zheng zhuanggong, so he took away the power of Zheng zhuanggong, so Zheng zhuanggong did not come to pilgrimage any more.

In the autumn of the same year, King Huan of Zhou led the princes to attack the state of Zheng. King Huan of Zhou led the Chinese army; father Lin of Guo led the right army; Cai Jun and Wei Jun belonged to the right army; Duke Hei Jian of Zhou led the left army, and Chen Jun belonged to the left army.

Ziyuan of the state of Zheng suggested that Zheng Zhuang use the left array to deal with the CAI army and the Wei army, and use the right array to deal with the Chen army. He said: "the state of Chen is in turmoil, and the people lack the will to fight. If they attack the Chen Army first, they will flee. Seeing this, Zhou Tianzi's army was bound to be in chaos. If the armies of CAI and Wei could not support them, they would certainly rush to flee. At this time, we can concentrate our forces against Zhou Tianzi's central army, and we can succeed. " Zheng zhuanggong listened to Ziyuan's suggestion and asked Manbo to be the commander of the right square array and Jizhong to be the commander of the left square array. Yuanfan and gaoqumi led the Chinese army to guard Zheng zhuanggong and set up a formation called Yuli. There was a deviation in the front and a Wu in the back to make up for the deviation. The two sides were at war in Peige (now the northeast of Changge, Henan Province). Zheng zhuanggong ordered the square array on the left and right sides to say, "as soon as the flag is waved, we will march with drums." Zheng's army launched an attack, Cai, Wei and Chen fled together, and Zhou's army was in chaos. Zheng's army closed from both sides to attack, and Zhou's army was defeated in the end. Zhu Dan of the state of Zheng shot King Huan of Zhou in the shoulder. Although King Huan of Zhou was injured, he could still command the army. Zhu Zhen asked to go after him. Zheng zhuanggong said, "a gentleman doesn't want to bully others too much. How dare he bully the emperor? As long as we can save ourselves and our country from danger, that's enough. " So Ming Jin withdrew his troops, and King Huan of Zhou fled, which was called the battle of Ge. On the night of the day after the war, Zheng zhuanggong sent Ji Zhong to pay homage to King Huan of Zhou and his entourage.

Support the king of Jin

In the winter of the 15th year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (the 7th year of Duke Huan of Lu Dynasty, 705 BC), Quwo was granted the title of king of Jin, and Duke Wu of Quwo lured and killed the young Marquis of Jin.

In the winter of the 16th year of King Huan of Zhou (the 8th year of Duke Huan of Lu, 704 BC), King Huan of Zhou ordered Guo Zhong to come to the state of Jin and set up the younger brother of the Marquis AI of Jin and the uncle of the young Marquis of Jin as the king.

In the 18th year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (703 BC, the 10th year of Duke Huan of Lu Dynasty), Guo Zhong slandered King Huan of Zhou Dynasty and framed the doctor Zhan Fu. King Huan of Zhou thought that Zhan Fu was right, so Zhan Fu led Zhou Tianzi's army to attack Guo State. In the summer of the same year, Guo Gong fled to the state of Yu.

He died of illness

In March of the 23rd year of King Huan of Zhou (the 15th year of Duke Huan of Lu, 697 BC), King Huan of Zhou was seriously ill, so he called Duke black shoulder to come and entrusted his beloved little son Ke (Ziyi) to Duke black shoulder, hoping that after the death of Prince Ji Tuo, Duke black shoulder would support Prince Ke to succeed to the throne. On the last day of March, King Huan of Zhou died, and his posthumous title was king Huan. The prince Ji Tuo succeeded to the throne as king of Zhouzhuang.

Political initiatives

During the reign of King Huan of the Zhou Dynasty, because the state of Zheng had helped to establish the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, Wendi (now southwest of Wenxian County, Henan Province), which was located on the North Bank of the Yellow River and south of the river, was granted to the state of Zheng. Therefore, the territory of the Zhou Dynasty was again reduced.

In the past, when the princes died, their sons had to rush to the capital city to accept the canonization of the emperor of Zhou to obtain their legal status after their succession and funeral. In the eighth year of King Huan of Zhou (the eleventh year of Duke Lu Yin, 712 BC), Duke Lu murdered his brother, Duke Lu Yin, and made himself king instead of asking for canonization. From then on, the system of conferring princes by the emperor of Zhou was destroyed.

Historical evaluation

Huangfumi's "the century of Emperors" said: "since the king Huan lost his faith, his rites and righteousness were late, his men ran away, slandered and forged, and the princes betrayed him, and his grievances and misfortunes were compounded, so the poet stabbed him."

According to Feng Menglong's Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: "the pearls and the sparrows have been ridiculed since ancient times. How can the king of heaven drive himself? Zheng renning is not afraid of Wang Wei

Historical records

From the third year of Yingong to the 15th year of HuanGong in Zuozhuan

The fourth volume of zhoubenji in Shiji

Family members

Grandfather: Ji Yijiu, king of Zhou Ping

Father: Prince Ji Xiefu

Sons: Wang Jituo and Wang Zike of Zhouzhuang

emperor's mausoleum

The mausoleum of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty is located on the top of Fenghuang mountain, 50 kilometers north of Mianchi County, Henan Province. Because King Huan of Zhou Dynasty was buried here, people call Fenghuang Mountain huanwang mountain. The mausoleum of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty is built on the top of the mountain. It is more than 30 meters high and covers an area of about 4 mu. The mausoleum is a round earth bag, which is very different from the surrounding soil. It is granular like an ant nest, and it can't be seen in heavy rain. In late autumn, he was in a dry and dry place, but here it was green and luxuriant.

Film and television image

In 1996, Zhang Yongqiang played the role of King Huan of Zhou in the TV series the spring and Autumn Annals of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Huan Wang