Lu Xun
Lu Xun
Lu Xun (September 25, 1881 to October 19, 1936), originally named Zhou Zhangshou, was later renamed Zhou Shuren, whose name was Yushan and later Yucai. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He is a famous writer, thinker, revolutionist, democratic fighter, an important participant in the new culture movement, and one of the founders of modern Chinese literature.
In his early years, Li suizhi and Qian Junfu went to Japan to study at public expense and studied in Sendai medical school. Lu Xun, the pseudonym used when he published diary of a madman in 1918, is also the most widely used pseudonym.
Lu Xun has made great contributions to literary creation, literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, introduction of art theory, introduction of basic science and collation and research of ancient books. He had a great influence on the ideological and cultural development of Chinese society after the May 4th movement, and was well-known in the world literary world, especially in the ideological and cultural fields of South Korea and Japan. He was known as "the writer who occupied the largest territory on the cultural map of East Asia in the 20th century".
Mao Zedong once commented: "Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation."
Character experience
Youth
He was born on the third day of August, 1881 (September 25, 1881) in xintaimen, dongchangfang, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Young name Zhang, Changgen, Changgeng, scientific name Zhou Zhangshou.
Guangxu 18 years (1892), into Sanwei bookstore, from shoujingwu reading, after school shadow drawing. Establish friendship with Zhang runshui.
In 1893, his grandfather Zhou Jiefu was sent to prison for something. His father Zhou Boyi was seriously ill and his family's property was in decline. The family took refuge in the countryside. Every day for my father in and out of the shop and drugstore, was cold.
In 1896, his father died. The family situation is getting worse. He began to keep a diary this year.
In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), the family held a meeting to divide the room and gave Lu Xun a poor and small one. Lu Xun refused to sign, and was reprimanded by his uncles. He felt the coldness of the world.
Study hard
In April 1898, he entered Jiangnan Naval Academy and changed his name to Zhou Shuren. In December, he was urged by his uncle to take the county examination. After winning the list, he stopped taking the provincial examination because of his fourth brother's illness and continued to study in Jiangning.
In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), he was transferred to Jiangnan Lu Shi school and attached to the mining railway school to study mining. During this period, he came into contact with Huxley's theory of Tianyan, which had a certain impact on his later thoughts. In addition to reading new books, I love horse riding and dare to compete with flag people.
In January 1902, Kuang Lu school graduated. In March, he went to Japan with Li suizhi and Qian Junfu to study at public expense. In April, I joined the Jiangnan class of general subject in Hongwen College (for Japanese learning accelerated class), with three students in the same class and dormitory.
Guangxu 29 years (1903) cut braids. After class, I like to read books on philosophy and literature, especially on human nature and national character.
In April 1904, he graduated from Hongwen college. In June, his grandfather, Jiefu, died at the age of 68. In September, I joined Sendai medical school (now Northeastern University of Japan) and met Kano Fujino.
In January of the 32nd year of Guangxu's reign (1906), when watching the "Japanese Russian war education film" during recess, he was deeply stimulated and decided to abandon medicine and study literature. In June, the student status was included in the German school set up by the "Tokyo independent language association". In summer and autumn, he was cheated to return home to marry Zhu an. He went back to Japan immediately. In July, he returned to Tokyo from Sendai. He was no longer a student and specialized in literary translation. In the following years, he studied German and Russian in different ways.
In 1908, he studied from Mr. Zhang Taiyan and became a member of the "Restoration Society". He translated the collection of foreign novels with his second younger brother. During that time, he lived a hard life and subsidized his life by proofreading.
In the first year of Xuantong (1909), two volumes of foreign novels were published.
Confused and confused
In August 1909, he returned to China as a teacher of physiology and chemistry in Hangzhou and Zhejiang normal schools, and also as a botany translator of Japanese teacher Suzuki Yushou.
In August 1910, he was a teacher and supervisor of Shaoxing middle school. In 1911, he wrote his first novel nostalgia in classical Chinese.
In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the provisional government was established in Nanjing. At the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, the general Minister of education, it was appointed as the first section chief of the Department of social education of the Ministry of education. In August, he was appointed director of the Ministry of education of the Beijing government by the president. From this year to 1917, he copied a large number of ancient steles, compiled inscriptions of gold and stone, proofread ancient books, and also studied Buddhism.
On July 7, 1917, Zhang Xun left his post in anger because of his restoration. On July 14, he returned to the Ministry immediately.
In January 1918, he participated in the reorganization of new youth and served as the editorial board member.
A pioneer in the literary world
In May 1918, Lu Xun published the first vernacular short story diary of a madman in the history of modern Chinese literature, which was written in modern style. It was published in the fifth volume of new youth.
In 1920, he taught the history of Chinese fiction at Peking University and Beijing Normal University. In June, he read the Chinese version of the Communist Manifesto and praised the translator. In September, he published the novel storm.
In August 1923, the novel collection Nahuo was published. He and his younger brother Zhou Zuoren lived separately and moved to No. 61, xisitahutong. The reason for the separation is unknown. In December, he gave a speech on "how is Nora after she left" and concurrently worked as a teacher of the women's normal university and Esperanto school; a brief history of Chinese novels was published.
In July 1924, he went to Xi'an to talk about the historical changes of Chinese novels. He returned to Beijing in August. In November, Yusi weekly was published, and Lu Xun published on the fall of Leifeng Pagoda in the first issue. Since then, Lu Xun has become one of the leading writers of Yusi.
Democratic fighters
In 1925, the trend of "women's normal university" further escalated. Lu Xun was removed from his post by Zhang Shizhao, director of education, for supporting progressive students' just struggle. In the same year, Lu Xun sued Zhang Shizhao to the Pingzheng yuan.
In March 1926, the March 18th massacre took place. In April, Lu Xun attacked Duan Qirui's government's crime of killing students by writing "dead land" and "in memory of Liu hezhenjun". He was hunted down and took refuge in Yamamoto hospital. During the period of refuge, he kept on writing. In August, hesitation was published and he went to Xiamen University as a professor in the Department of Chinese. He resigned in December.
In 1921, he went to Zhongshan University to teach. In March, he met with Chen Yannian, Secretary of the CPC Guangdong and Guangxi District Committee. On April 1, he went to Huangpu Military Academy to deliver a speech literature in the revolutionary era. On April 12, the "April 12 counter revolutionary coup" took place. On April 29, he rescued progressive students and resigned angrily. In August, he published the relationship between Wei Jin demeanor and articles, medicine and wine. In September, he wrote a letter to Tai Jingnong, refusing to be a candidate for the Nobel Prize for literature, leaving Guangzhou for Shanghai, where he and Xu Guangping began to live together. In December, there was a dispute with Liang Shiqiu and others on "the third kind of person" and "free person", which lasted for a long time and had a great impact.
In the spring of 1928, he joined the Chinese revolutionary mutual aid society. This year, he argued with most members of creation society and Sun Society on the issue of "Revolutionary Literature". He began to collect and translate a large number of Marxist works. At the same time, he began to advocate revolutionary art and modern woodcut movement.
On September 27, 1929, Xu Guangping gave birth to a son, named "Zhou Haiying" by Lu Xun. At the end of the year, he negotiated with Feng Xuefeng for many times to establish the "Chinese left wing writers League."
Left league leader
In February 1930, the great alliance of Chinese freedom movement was founded as one of the founders. On March 2, he attended the founding meeting of the left wing writers' League of China and was elected as a standing committee member to give a speech on "opinions on the left wing writers' League".
In 1931, Rou Shi was arrested and Lu Xun took refuge. On the 28th, I went back to my old apartment.
On January 29th, 1932, when there was a war, he was in the line of fire. The next day he stayed away from neishan bookstore. On February 6, he was escorted by friends of neishan bookstore to neishan branch of British concession. Together with Ai Qing and others, he launched "Chundi Art Institute".
In January 1933, Cai Yuanpei was invited to join the "China Civil Rights Protection Alliance" and was elected executive member. On February 17, Cai Yuanpei sent a letter to Song Qingling's house to welcome Bernard Shaw. In memory of Rou Shi, he wrote for the memory of forgetting.
In January of 1934, the Peiping notes was published. In May, the preface to the woodcut "Yinyu Ji" was published.
In February 1935, Gogol began to translate dead souls. In June, a long preface was made to the second collection of novels in the new literature department.
In January 1936, the shoulder and rib pain occurred, and the last innovative work, a new edition of the story, was published. In February, he continued to translate the second book of dead souls. On May 15, the disease recurred. The doctor diagnosed the stomach disease, but the fever did not recover. On May 31, Ms. Smedley introduced the American doctor Deng to diagnose the disease, but the situation was not optimistic. In June, his health improved slightly. Lu Xun and the people around him thought that "Mr. Lu Xun is well.". On June 9, he wrote a letter to the Trotskyists, on August 5, he wrote a letter to Xu maoyong and about the Anti Japanese United Front, and on October 5, he wrote two or three things that came to mind because of Mr. Taiyan. On October 17, his old illness recurred, and on October 18, before dawn, he had an attack and was not panting.
The death of a character
nineteen
Chinese PinYin : Lu Xun
