Huang Zhong

Huang Zhong

Huang Zhong (?)? He was born in Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province). The famous general of Shu Han in the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.

He was the Zhonglang General of Liu Biao's subordinates, and later returned to Liu Bei, who helped Liu Bei conquer Liu Zhang in Yizhou. In 219, Huang Zhongzhen killed Xia Houyuan, a famous general of Cao Cao's subordinates, in the battle of Dingjunshan. Liu Bei, the queen of Hanzhong, was granted the Marquis of Guannei after he was granted the title of general. The next year, Huang Zhong died of illness. In the third year of Jingyao's reign (260), he was named Marquis gang.

Huang Zhong appeared in various literary and artistic works as a brave veteran in later generations. In the romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei is called the queen of Hanzhong, and he is named one of the "five tiger generals", and Huang Zhong's name has gradually become a synonym for being old and strong in China.

(overview photo source: ye Xiong's biography of characters in the romance of the Three Kingdoms)

Life of the characters

Early experience

In the third year of Chuping (192), Liu Biao, the governor of Jingzhou, was appointed as the herdsman of Jingzhou. Huang Zhong was appointed Zhonglang general by Liu Biao and was stationed in you County of Changsha (now you County of Hunan Province) with his nephew Liu Pan.

In 208, the 13th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao sent his troops to the South and Liu Biao died. After Cao Cao came down to Jingzhou, Huang Zhong was still an official in Changsha County, under the command of Han Xuan.

In the 14th year of Jian'an (209), Liu Bei and Sun Quan formed a coalition, which defeated Cao Cao's army and Cao Cao returned to the north. Liu Bei took the opportunity to occupy Jingzhou and led Zhao Yun and others to the south of Changsha. Huang Zhong followed Han Xuan to surrender to Liu Bei.

Make contributions to Sichuan

In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Liu Bei, under the guidance of the Ministry of Yizhou and Liu Zhang, entered jiamengguan (now Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province), and Huang Zhong followed the army.

In 213, Liu Bei and Liu Zhang broke up. Huang Zhong and Zhuo Ying led their troops from jiamengguan to Chengdu. Liu Bei first led his troops to Guanzhong and then joined Huang Zhong's army. In battle, Huang Zhong often stormed the front and set up a trap. He was brave and resolute, and won the first place in the third army. He attacked all the way to Fucheng. Liu Zhang sent Liu Ruo, lengbao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian and others to stop, and they were all defeated. Huang Zhong followed Liu Bei to attack Mianzhu, and Mianzhu guards Li Yan and Fei Shi surrendered one after another.

In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Huang Zhong and Liu Bei led the army into Chengdu. Dozens of days later, Liu Zhang surrendered. After Liu Bei entered Chengdu, he rewarded Huang Zhong for his merits and appointed Huang Zhong as the general to fight for prisoners.

Set the army and raise its prestige

In 218, Liu Bei entered Yangpingguan (now Yangpingguan, Shaanxi Province) and confronted Cao Cao's army in Hanzhong. Huang Zhong accompanied Liu Bei on the expedition.

In 219, Liu Bei led his army to fight against Xia Houyuan. At that time, Xia Houyuan sent Zhang Ying to guard Dongwei antlers and led his troops to guard Nanwei antlers. Zhang Ying's army encountered Liu Bei's attack in the antler of Dongwei, so that Xia Houyuan sent troops to save Zhang Ying, so that there were only 400 Cao soldiers following Xia Houyuan in the antler of Nanwei, but these 400 were all the elite of Cao army. Huang Zhong pushed forward and urged the soldiers to lead him. The golden drum vibrated the sky and the sound of joy moved the valley. He killed Xia Houyuan in the antlers of Nanwei. The loss of Cao's commander-in-chief, the disturbance in the army, the three armies are disgraced. Huang Zhong took the opportunity to attack Cao's camp and defeat Cao's army. Huang Zhong was promoted to be a general in the West.

In the same year, Liu Bei called himself the king of Hanzhong, and appointed Guan Yu as the former general, Zhang Fei as the right general, Ma Chao as the left general, and Huang Zhong as the later general. Zhuge Liang said anxiously: "Huang Zhong's reputation has always been unable to compare with Guan Yu and Ma Chao. Now it's the same. Ma Chao and Zhang Fei are nearby. They can see Huang Zhong's fighting achievements in person. Guan Yu, who is far away in Jingzhou, will not be happy to know this. Should Huang Zhong's appointment be cancelled? " The first master said, "naturally, I should solve this problem." So Liu Bei sent Fei Shi to persuade Guan Yu. As a result, Huang Zhong kept pace with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Ma Chao. Liu Bei gave Huang Zhong the title of Marquis of Guannei.

However, Guan Yu, who is guarding Jingzhou, has always been just and proud. When he learned that Huang Zhong was worshipped as a rear general, Guan Yu angrily scolded: "my husband is not in the same line with the veterans!" After Fei Shi's persuasion, Guan Yu's anger was dispelled.

In August of the 25th year of Jian'an (220), Huang Zhong died. One of his sons, Huang Xu, died young and had no future.

In September of the third year of Jingyao (260), Liu Chan, the later leader, took the posthumous title of Huang Zhong as the Marquis of gang.

Character evaluation

Zhuge Liang: Huang Zhong's fame is not related to Guan and Ma Zhilun. Now he is listed in the same list. When Ma and Zhang are near, they can be compared to each other. When Guan Yao hears about it, he is afraid that he will not be happy.

Guan Yu: the big man is not in the same line with the veteran.

Chen Shou: Huang Zhongchang ascended the trap first and won the third army with bravery and perseverance. Huang Zhong and Zhao Yunqiang were strong and strong, and they were the disciples of Guan (Guan Ying) and Teng (Xia Hou Ying)?

Yang Xi: General dunzhuang, destroy the peak, difficult, meritorious service, in the time of the dry.

Cheng Gongxu: Shu generals such as Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Pang Tong, Wu generals such as Zhou Yu and Lu Su, have long ambitions and short lives, which are cherished by the whole world. Ma Chao, Huang Zhong, Zhao Yun, Fei Yi, LV Meng, Cheng Pu, Bu Yi and Gan Ning are all extremely intelligent and courageous, enough to be one of them.

Luo Guanzhong: general spirit and Tianshen, white hair is still trapped in Hannan. Until the end of his life, he is willing to have no resentment, but is ashamed to lower his head. The sword is bright, the snow is bright, and the iron horse is in the wind. Eternal high name should not be lost, long with the lonely moon shine Xiangtan. Cangtou faces the great enemy, and Haoshou shows off his divine power. Force while carving bow hair, wind meet snow blade wave. The male voice is like the roar of a tiger, and the horse is like a dragon. He made great contributions to the development of Xinjiang. The veteran said that Huang Zhong has made great contributions to Sichuan. He is heavily clothed with gold chain armour and double tied with iron bow. He is famous for his courage in Hebei Province. When you die, your head looks like snow, but you still have a hero.

Anecdotes and allusions

Red blood knife

In Tao Hongjing's ancient and modern records of swords and swords, it is recorded that Huang Zhong got a sword when Liu Bei pacified Nanjun. The color of the sword was as red as blood. During the Hanzhong war against the Xiahou army, Huang Zhong used it to blade more than 100 enemy soldiers. However, the ancient and modern records of swords and swords was evaluated as "doubting that the book has been disordered by later generations" and "mixed authenticity" by the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu. For example, in the first year of Zhangwu (221), Guan Yu died, but in the record of ancient and modern swords, it is recorded that Liu Bei made a sword and gave it to Guan Yu. Therefore, in the Three Kingdoms period, which was far away from Tao Hongjing's time, the record of ancient and modern swords is rather doubtful.

member of family

Son

Huang Xu, early death, no afterlife.

Commemoration of later generations

Tomb site

Huang Zhong village, yingmenkou Township, western suburb of Chengdu, has the tomb of Huang Zhong, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms.

In the fifth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1825), a farmer named "jiyashu" discovered a book with a tombstone, several human bones, a sword and a piece of jade. He immediately told the landlord Liu Yuan (the name is Zhitang, Shuangliu, a famous scholar of the Qing Dynasty, the grandfather of Liu Xianrong, a famous scholar of modern times, who was once elected as the magistrate of Tianmen County, Hubei Province). The word "taboo Han Sheng" on the tombstone should be "taboo Zhong". This shows that this monument is certainly not an old object of the Three Kingdoms period, probably erected after the Tang and Song Dynasties when people repaired Huang Zhong's tomb; however, it also shows that this is the place where Huang Zhong was buried. Therefore, Liu Yuan, who is knowledgeable and famous for his folk songs, invited his gentry and elders to donate money to repair Huang Zhong's tomb, which is 4 meters in height and 13 meters in circumference, and planted pines and cypresses in the cemetery.

memorial temple

Huang Zhong Temple is built next to Huang Zhong's tomb. He has a long beard and a white spirit. Due to the restoration of Huang Zhong's tomb and the establishment of Huang Zhong's ancestral temple, the original place name "jiyashu" was gradually forgotten and replaced by the new place name "Huang Zhong's tomb". Since the completion of Huangzhong temple and tomb, every year during the Qingming Festival, villagers have to hold temple fairs here to offer sacrifices to Huangzhong and pray for a good harvest. Huangzhong temple and tomb became a major landscape in the western suburb of Chengdu. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the worship of Huang Zhong's ancestral temple and tomb was not as prosperous as before. In the period of "great leap forward", the slogan of "youth is better than Zhao Zilong, old man is better than old Huang Zhong" was popular in China. The ancestral hall and Tomb of Huang Zhong were renamed "Huang Zhong village", and they have been together till now.

In 1965, in order to repair the road, Huang Zhong's tomb was excavated and cypress trees in the cemetery were cut down. Soon after, the "Cultural Revolution" began, and the tide of "breaking the four old" roared. Huang Zhong's ancestral hall and tomb were even more doomed. The statues were demolished and the plaques and couplets were smashed. After several times of destruction, the ancestral temple and tomb almost disappeared, but there was an empty coffin.

Hometown

Located in xialiupu village, three kilometers north of Xindian Township, Nanyang County.

There is a monument named "the hometown of Huang Zhong, the general of Ji Han Dynasty", which was set up in the second year of Xuantong of Qing Dynasty. The monument is 174 cm high, 67.5 cm wide and 19 cm thick. Square amount.

There is a temple with a statue of Huang Zhong in it.

Artistic image

Literary image

In the novel the romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Zhong appears in the 53rd chapter. Liu Bei wins the battle of Chibi and seizes the four counties in the south of the Yangtze River. When Huang Zhong guards Changsha County, Guan Yu leads 500 school swordsmen to attack and fight with Huang Zhong for 100 rounds. The next day, Guan Yu drags a knife. Huang Zhong loses and falls to the ground. However, Guan Yu does not take the opportunity to kill Huang Zhong, but lets him go. On the next day, Huang Zhongji seduces Guan Yu and shoots Guan Yu's helmet with his bow and arrow in order not to kill him. However, Han Xuan, the governor, suspects that Huang Zhong has two minds and wants to behead him. However, Wei Yan robs him. Han Xuan is killed and Huang Zhong and Wei Yan surrender together.

After that, Huang Zhong and Wei Yan fought in Sichuan with Liu Bei and made many contributions. In the war of Hanzhong, Huang Zhong, with the help of Fazheng, cut Xia Houyuan, the great general of Cao Wei, into two pieces in Dingjun mountain and seized tiandang mountain. Later, they went with Zhao Yun to rob Cao Cao of food and grass, but they were ambushed by Wei generals Xu Huang and Zhang Ying. Thanks to Zhao Yun's rescue, they turned defeat into victory.

Guan Yu was attacked and killed by Sun Wu. Liu Bei set up his army to attack Wu. Guan Xing and Zhang Bao killed the enemy before the battle. Liu Bei praised the young general greatly. Huang Zhong was not satisfied with this, so he went out to fight alone and met Wu general pan

Chinese PinYin : Huang Zhong