Yan Gaoqing

Yan Gaoqing

Yan Gaoqing (692-756), the word Xin. Beijing zhaowannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi) people, ancestral home Langya Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong). In the middle period of Tang Dynasty, Yan shigu, a famous minister, was the son of Yan yuansun, the governor of Haozhou.

At the beginning of his term of office, Yan Gaoqing was a member of fan Yanghu and Cao Canjun. During an Shi's rebellion, he and his son Yan Jiming guarded Changshan and his younger brother Yan Zhenqing guarded the plain. He designed to kill Li qincuo, the head of Anlu mountain Department, and capture Gao Miao and he Qiannian. Seventeen counties in Hebei responded and were praised by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. In 756, the rebels besieged Changshan and captured Yan Jiming. Soon after the city broke, Yan Gaoqing was taken to Luoyang. He angrily scolded An Lushan and was killed at the age of 65. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), he was given the title of "Zhongjie" to the crown prince. In the third year of Jianzhong (782), it was given to situ. One of his essays is recorded in Tangwen Shiyi.

Yan Gaoqing's spirit of loyalty and unyielding is widely praised by later generations. In Wen Tianxiang's Zhengqi song, it is said: "it is Zhang Suiyang's tooth and Yan Changshan's tongue."

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Life of the characters

Early experience

At first, Yan Gaoqing became an official because of his father's relationship. He was upright and talented. During the period of Kaiyuan (713-741) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he served as a recorder and soldier in Weizhou. Yan Gaoqing was able to make a comprehensive list, and he could be called the first in governing political affairs.

Set up an army to beg for thieves

In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), he acted as the governor of Changshan. At that time, Anlushan was an interview envoy of Hebei and Hedong, and Changshan County was under the jurisdiction of Anlushan. In November of the same year, the an Shi rebellion broke out, and an Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. On December 12, Luoyang, the eastern capital, was captured.

Yan Gaoqing's heart of loyalty was full of emotion, fearing that the traitors would invade Tongguan immediately, which would endanger the ancestral temple and the country. At that time, Yan Zhenqing, his cousin, was the prefect of Pingyuan county. When he heard that an Lushan was plotting a rebellion, he secretly adopted the dead, appeased the powerful families, and discussed the strategy of resisting the rebels. After the outbreak of the rebellion, Yan Zhenqing sent envoys to tell Yan Gaoqing to discuss the organization of the rebel army, divide the troops to contain the rebels and block their return, so as to slow down the pace of the rebels' westward March. Yan Gaoqing, together with yuan Luqian, the chief historian, Jia Shen, the former magistrate of Zhending County, and Zhang Tongyou, the former Prime Minister of Neiqiu County, planned to open Tumen county (now Fuping, Shaanxi Province) and attack the rebels from the back. At that time, Anlushan sent Li qincuo and Gao Miao to lead the army to guard the Tumen in Wuqian town. Yan Gaoqing wanted to kill Li qincuo in order to open the way to attack Tumen. At that time, Li qincuo's headquarters belonged to Changshan County. Just before Li qincuo sent Gao Miao to Youzhou, Yan Gaoqing sent officials to call Li qincuo to the county to discuss the matter. On the night of December 22, Li Qin arrived at the county hospital, and Yan Gaoqing placed him in a hotel. After Li Qin got drunk, Yan Gaoqing ordered yuan Luqian, Feng Qian, county Lieutenant Li Qimo, and petty servant Zhai Wande to kill him. In the middle of the night, yuan Luqian brought Li qincuo's head to see Yan Gaoqing, and they were tearful. That night, Gaocheng County Lieutenant Cui Anshi reports that Gao Miao has returned to Pucheng. Yan Gaoqing immediately orders Feng Qian, Zhai Wande and Cui Anshi to kill Gao Miao. The next morning, several of Gao Miao's cavalry attendants went to Gaocheng post station first, and Cui Anshi killed them first. Soon Gao Miao also arrived, Cui Anshi cheated him: "the prefect has prepared a banquet and dance music to meet you in the hostel." As soon as Gao Miao gets off the horse near the hall, Feng Qian and others capture him. On the same day, the rebel general he Qiannian came to Zhaojun from Luoyang, the eastern capital. Feng Qian and Zhai Wande ambushed at the Liquan post station. As soon as he Qiannian arrived, he also caught him. On the same day, two traitors were tied up and returned to the County Council. Yan Gaoqing sent his son Yan Quanming, Anping County captain, and Jia Shen, Zhang Tongyou, and Zhai Wande to pack Li qincuo's head in wooden boxes, and escorted the two rebel generals to the capital. In Taiyuan, Wang Chengye left Yan Quanming, Jia Shen and others. He withheld Yan Gaoqing's statement and presented his seal to the traitor as his credit. Xuanzong didn't know the inside story. He promoted Wang Chengye to be a general, and more than 100 subordinates were rewarded. Soon after, Emperor Xuanzong learned the credit of Yan Gaoqing and granted him the title of Wei Weiqing and censor doctor.

After Yan Gaoqing killed the rebel general, he collected troops to train the soldiers, and then sent a proclamation to the counties and counties in Hebei (north of the Yellow River), saying that the imperial court appointed Li Wan, the king of Rong, as the Grand Marshal of the army of Hebei, and Ge Shuhan as the deputy marshal, to command the army of 300000, and was about to send troops to Tumen. After hearing about it, all the counties killed the rebel garrison generals, and responded from far and near. A total of 15 counties were garrisoned by the Tang army. At this time, an Lushan sent envoys to send the heads of Li Zhen, the eastern capital left behind, and Lu Yi, the imperial censor left in Taiwan, to warn all parts of Hebei. When it came to Pingyuan County, Yan Zhenqing killed the rebel messengers and collected the heads of Li Zhen and others. Jia Zai, the commander of Qingchi County, also killed Liu xuandao, the governor of Jingcheng appointed by the rebels, and sent his head to Pingyuan county. Raoyang prefect Lu Quancheng also relied on his county to join Yan Zhenqing. At that time, the military power of Changshan and Pingyuan was greatly enhanced. An Lushan was leading his army westward. He had already arrived in Shanxian County. When he heard that there was a change in Hebei Province, he immediately returned to the army. So he ordered Shi Siming and Cai Xide to lead the army northward across the Yellow River.

Die in the city

In the first month of the 15th year of Tianbao (756), Shi Siming attacked Changshan County. When Yan Gaoqing failed to ask Wang Chengye for help, he had to defend day and night and fight to the death. But the city was short of soldiers and outnumbered, and all the supplies for defending the enemy were used up. On the 8th of the first month, the city fell. Yan Gaoqing and Yuan Luqian were captured by the rebels and sent to Luoyang. After Shi Siming captured Changshan County, he then attacked other counties, such as ye County, Guangping County, Julu County, Zhao county, Shanggu County, Boling County, Wen'an County, Wei county and Xindu Area, which were all occupied by the rebels.

When an Lushan met Yan Gaoqing, he rebuked him face to face and said, "I used to ask you to be a judge from fan Yanghu Cao, so I was able to be Ren Guanglu and Taichang Ercheng, and then I used you to represent Changshan Taishou. What can I do for you and betray me?" Yan Gaoqing glared angrily and replied, "my family has been a minister of the Tang Dynasty for generations. I always abide by my loyalty and righteousness. Even if I have to ask you to serve as an official, should I still rebel with you? What's more, you were originally a slave of the Jie nationality who was a shepherd in Yingzhou. Because you stole the favor of the emperor, you have today. What's wrong with you, the son of heaven, and you rebelled against the imperial court? " An Lushan was very angry. He ordered someone to tie Yan Gaoqing to the Tianjin bridge post, dismember him and eat his meat. Yan Gaoqing scolded him incessantly. The traitor broke his tongue and said, "can you still scold me?" Yan Gaoqing was killed at the age of 65. On this day, Yan Gaoqing's youngest son, YAN Dan, his nephew, Yan Xu, and Yuan Luqian were all amputated. Seeing he Qiannian's younger brother nearby, yuan lvqian sprayed blood on his face, so he was more cruelly mutilated, and passers-by wept when they saw him.

Death and memory

Because his elder brother assisted An Lushan and spoke ill of Yan Gaoqing in front of Prime Minister Yang Guozhong, the imperial court did not grant Yan Gaoqing a gift in time. When Emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty was in Fengxiang, Yan Zhenqing argued for Yan Gaoqing. At that time, Zhang Tongyou was the prefect of Pu'an, and the supreme emperor killed him with his staff. Li Guangbi and Guo Ziyi recovered Changshan, released hundreds of relatives of Yan Gaoqing and Yuan Luqian from prison, and gave them money and goods to govern their funerals.

In May of the first year of Qianyuan (758), Emperor suzong bestowed Yan Gaoqing as the crown prince and his posthumous title as Zhongjie, and granted his wife Cui's name as the wife of Qinghe County. At first, Dr. Pei Yu thought that Yan Gaoqing was not in power, and only gave him the posthumous title of loyalty, which was unfair to those who participated in the discussion, so he used the word "Zhongjie" as the posthumous title.

In March of the third year of Jianzhong (782), Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty presented Yan Gaoqing as situ.

At the beginning, Yan Gaoqing was killed and his head was shown to the public in the street. He did not dare to accept the funeral. A man named Zhang CuO got Yan Gaoqing's hair and took it to see the emperor. That night, suzong dreamed of Yan Gaoqing and set up a sacrifice for him when he woke up. Later, Zhang CuO returned his hair to Yan Gaoqing's wife Cui Shi. Cui Shi was a little suspicious, but his hair seemed to be moving. Later, Yan Quanming bought Yan Gaoqing's body and was going to be buried. From the executioner, he learned that Yan Gaoqing's foot was cut off first when he died and was buried with yuan Luqian. After the executioner's finger guide, Yan Quanming found the incomplete foot and was buried in fengqiyuan, Chang'an. Yan Jiming and Lu Ti were buried in the same tomb.

Main impact

achievement

In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), an Shi rebellion broke out. Yan Gaoqing should join forces to fight back from Yan Zhenqing, the prefect of Di Pingyuan, in order to capture and kill several people in Anlu mountain. He called Hebei and got 17 counties' response. Later, Shi Siming, a rebel general, attacked Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei Province). Yan Gaoqing fought fiercely for six days, but he was captured in the city because of the lack of soldiers.

status

In the 14th year of Dali (779), Emperor Zong of the Tang Dynasty rated the people as "the most virtuous generals have come, and the effect is clear". Eight of them, including Yan Gaoqing, were ranked first.

Historical evaluation

Li Heng: when you are in trouble, loyalty is in your heart. Angry group fierce and generous, pro Festival and work hard, so capture the villain, into this maoxun. It belongs to Hu Lu's mausoleum, which is full of poison. The isolated city is full of strength. When you see that you have fallen into the enemy's enemy, you will be famous for your death, which shows your loyalty. (the imperial edict to crown prince Yan Gaoqing)

Liu Xu: first of all, Ru'an jinzang attacked the main culprit by caesarean section with Ming emperor's heirs and Duan Xiushi's support of Wat, Zhang Xun's and Yao Yao's guarding the city, and Gao Qing's and Zhen Qing's (Yan Zhen Qing's) scolding of thieves. (the old book of the Tang Dynasty) 2. The beast can solve the evil, and the grass can refer to the sycophant. A martyr who favors others is a martyr. The state-owned loyal officials died and survived. Why did you lose your country? The evil is favored. (the old book of Tang Dynasty)

Sima Guang: he was a disciple of Yan Gaoqing and Zhang Xun. The rule of the world rejected the foreign side and suppressed the subordinates; the chaos of the world abandoned the lonely city and attacked the bandits. What is the misfortune of the good and the happiness of the evil? The imperial court treats the weak loyalty and protects the thick evil! (Zizhitongjian)

Qi Chongli: in the Tianbao rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, the counties of Hebei Province fell together, and the mountains and plains were the only ones

Chinese PinYin : Yan Gao Qing