Chen Yu
Chen Yu
Chen Yu (1365-1433), whose name is Yanchun, was born in Hefei (now Anhui Province). He was a military general and expert in water conservancy in Ming Dynasty. He was the founder of water transport system in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In his early years, Chen Yu took part in the Ming army's war to pacify the southwest. He successively served as Tongzhi, commander of Chengdu right guard, Tongzhi, commander of Sichuan xingdusi, and Qianshi, commander of the right army's governor's office. During the battle of Jingnan, he led the navy to the emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, and was awarded the titles of Fengtian Yiwei Xuanli Wuchen and Pingjiang Bo.
Chen Yu served in Five Dynasties: Hongwu, Jianwen, Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande. He served as the general officer of water transport since the first year of Yongle (1403). Later, he was also in charge of Huai'an local affairs. He supervised the water transportation for 30 years, reformed the water transportation system, and repaired the Beijing Hangzhou canal.
In 1433, Chen Zhen died of illness at the age of 69. He was granted the title of Marquis of Pingjiang as a gift to the Taibao, and his posthumous title was "Gongxiang".
Overview photo source: the genealogy of Chen family in piling, Jiangsu Province, revised in 1916
Life of the characters
Early experience
In his early years, Chen Yu worked in Chengdu with his father. As the son of a military minister, he was able to serve general Lan Yu as a servant. He was highly respected. Later, he took up his father's post as the commander of Chengdu right back. He is famous for his shooting skill, and he has been with Lanyu to attack Nanfan and Yuehe for many times.
From pingxinan
In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), yuelutimur, chieftain of Jianchang, launched a rebellion. Chen Yu went with the army to attack. He went beyond Liangshan Mountain, pingtianxing village, and even broke the barbarians of ningfanwei. Then he attacked bumuwa village by attacking Yanjing. At that time, the Chinese Army led by Chen Yu was heavily besieged by the rebels. He took the lead, stepped down to fight, shot the rebels one after another, wound his feet and continued to meet the enemy. The fighting lasted from the last hour to the last hour, and finally defeated the rebels.
In 1398, Chen Zhen went to the panjiahara and crossed the Dachong River (today's Yalong River). He built a floating bridge to lead the army across the river. He ordered that the pontoon be demolished as a sign of destruction, resulting in successive victories. Later, Chen Yu joined the Yunnan army to fight against Bai Yi and was promoted to commander of Xingdu and commander of Sidu in Sichuan Province.
Count
In the fourth year of Jianwen (1402), Chen Yu was promoted to the post of commander of the right army, and he led the Navy and guarded the Nanjing river defense to resist the Yan army. However, when the Yan army arrived at Pukou, he took the initiative to lead the navy to the landing, so that the Yan army smoothly crossed the Yangtze River and entered Jinling. Soon after, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, became emperor in Nanjing for the Ming Dynasty.
In September of that year, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty made a great contribution. Because of his "taciturn service", Chen Yu still served as the commander of the right army's governor's office. He was granted the title of xuanliwu Minister of Fengtian Yiwei, the title of Ronglu doctor and Zhu state, the title of pingjiangbo, the title of shiluqianshi, and the post of hereditary commander of his descendants.
Governor general marine
In the first year of Yongle (1403), Chen Yu was appointed as the commander in chief and the governor of maritime transport (water transport by sea). At that time, he transported more than 490000 grain stones from the sea to Beijing and Liaodong to supply the soldiers and salaries of the two places. Later, he built a million warehouses in Zhigu and built the Acropolis of Tianjin. During the period of supervising the sea transportation, Chen made caozu trade with the islanders on the sea, which was not only beneficial to the islanders, but also convenient for the sea transportation.
In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), Chen Yu and an Yuan Bo Liu Sheng led the navy to patrol the sea. As a result, they encountered Japanese pirates invading and plundering Salmonella island in the sea of Qingzhou. He immediately attacked the Japanese pirates and pursued them all the way to Baishan island in Jinzhou, North Korea, burning all the Japanese ships.
In the ninth year of Yongle (1411), Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty ordered Chen Yu and Hou Libin of Fengcheng to lead the navy in Zhejiang and Fujian to suppress the pirates. Later, due to the flooding of sea water, 130 Li from Haimen to Yancheng were affected. Chen Yu was also ordered to build a dike to defend the tide. He led 400000 soldiers to build a dike of 18000 feet.
In the 10th year of Yongle (1412), Chen Yu sang: "Jiading County is a coastal area, where the river is rushing, and there are no big mountains and high islands to rely on. There are frequent accidents of sea boats, often landing on the rocks With the consent of emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, he built an earth mountain in Qingpu, Jiading County, with a radius of 100 Zhang and a height of more than 30 Zhang, and set up a earth fort on the mountain as a navigation sign to remind passing ships to avoid. Ming Chengzu named Tushan Baoshan and wrote an inscription about it.
Managing water and rivers
In 1415, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty decided to stop the sea transportation and take the inland water transportation instead because of the full navigation of the river. Chen Yu built more than 2000 shallow ships. At first, he transported 2 million stones, and then gradually increased to 5 million stones, which made the state use abundant.
At that time, Jiangnan Water Transport arrived at Huai'an along the canal, had to turn to land transport, cross the dam, and then reach the Qinghe River through the Huaihe River. Chen Yu adopted the old suggestion, and began to dig a 20 Li river channel from Guanguan lake on the west side of Huai'an City, named qingjiangpu, to lead the water into the Huai River, and built four gates to discharge the flood in time. He also built a ten mile long dike along the lake to improve the transport capacity of the ships, so that the boats could reach the Yellow River directly, and the cost saved was countless.
During his 30 years in charge of water transport, Chen Zhen carried out many rectification measures for water transport affairs. He was precise and farsighted, and could be described as "doing nothing".
Seven things
In 1424, Emperor Renzong succeeded to the throne. In September of that year, Chen Zhen went to shurenzong and put forward seven suggestions to benefit the country and the people
Attach great importance to the foundation of the country
Nanjing is the foundation of our country, and we should keep our guard strictly.
Choose the best
The selection of talents should be verified, not just on the basis of qualifications; fair courtiers should be selected to inspect the political gains and losses.
Su Minli
Huguang, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other places are far away from Beijing, and the people have been transporting grain and rates for nearly a year. People can be transported to Huai'an, Xuzhou and other places close to each other, and then transported to Beijing by the army. In addition, the grain and grass carried by the clippers and horse boats were only 50 or 60 stones, and each boat was only enough for officers and soldiers, so there was no need to call the people to wait.
Prosper the school
Most of the teachers in prefectures and counties are incompetent, so they should be assessed, and those who are incompetent should be dismissed; handsome talents should be selected to make up for the students; and children in the army should be allowed to study.
The whole army
The army should be verified, the elderly and sick should be replaced by their children, the fugitives should be hunted, and the military households who have lost their heirs should be removed after verification.
The frontier defense
Kaiping and other places are important frontier defense areas. The garrison is weak and the food is insufficient. We should select and train elite people, strengthen the guard, and cultivate fields for self-sufficiency.
Special water transport
The officers and soldiers of water transport transport transport grain to the north every year, and they have to repair the boats after they return. They should be forbidden to be subjected to various kinds of corvee. The emperor accepted Chen's suggestion and ordered the Secretary to carry it out quickly. Soon after, he gave Chen an iron certificate and allowed his descendants to inherit the count of Pingjiang. Some court officials didn't think so, and thought that Chen Yu was just a platitude. Renzong refuted: "it's very rare for military officials to be able to talk about it. Besides, they are afraid of being guilty of speaking out, so they should be rewarded. The ancients still know how to buy horse bones with thousands of gold. I'm not far ahead of the ancients in doing so. "
Stay in Huaian
In the first year of Hongxi (1425), Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty succeeded to the throne, and still appointed Chen Xun as the commander-in-chief, stationed in Huai'an. Chen Yu not only supervised the water transportation, but also took charge of the local affairs of Huai'an. He was responsible for the military and the people, and his officers and soldiers were well aware of the control.
In the fourth year of Xuande (1429), Chen xunzuo asked the imperial court to collect 120000 labors to dredge the silted River between Changgou and Zaolin in the north of Jining in half a month. Ming xuanzongnian and his long years of hard work, life Shangshu Huang Fu to go with the manager.
In the sixth year of Xuande (1431), Chen Xuan once again played: "120000 soldiers are used to transport grain every year, toiling for years. Please issue additional civil servants in Suzhou, Songjiang and other prefectures, as well as in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Huguang and other places, and issue soldiers in the clinics with more soldiers. A total of 240000 people will be transported by turns. In addition, people from the south of the Yangtze River transport grain to Linqing, Huai'an and Xuzhou for a year, delaying farming. Soldiers from Huguang, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Suzhou, Songjiang and anqing transport grain to Huai'an by empty boat every year. If the people in the south of the Yangtze River were allowed to allocate grain to the nearby garrisons, which were transported to Beijing by the officers and soldiers, and then they would pay according to the mileage and pay for the rice consumption, it would be convenient for both the army and the people. " Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty ordered Huang Fu and Wang Zuo to carry it out. From then on, water transport changed from civilian transport to exchange transport.
In October 1433, Chen Zhen died of illness when he was appointed as the commander in chief of Huai'an. He was 69 years old. Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty granted him the title of "Gongxiang" after conferring him the title of "Taibao" and "Marquis of Pingjiang". Due to Chen's virtue in dredging the river, people in Jiangnan built ancestral halls for him in Qinghe County (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province).
Main achievements
Military achievements
Chen Yu was an outstanding military general in his early years. He worked in Sichuan during the Hongwu Period. He fought with the army against Nanfan, Yuefan and Baiyi, and took part in the pacification of yuelutimer and jahala. He contributed to the stability of the southwest border in the early Ming Dynasty.
Political achievements
In the battle of Jingnan, Chen Yu was the commander of the navy of the southern army, guarding the river defense, but he took the initiative to meet and surrender the Yan army, which made Ming Chengzu successfully enter Nanjing and become emperor. He also won the title of pingjiangbo because of his admiration.
During the reign of Renzong, Chen Zhen made a few remarks and put forward seven political propositions, including politics, economy, military affairs, education, national defense and so on.
Chen Yu was the first general officer of water transport in Chinese history. He supervised water transport on the sea and inland rivers for 30 years. He made contributions to the development of water transport and the establishment of water transport management system in Ming Dynasty.
Achievements in water conservancy
While managing the canal, Chen Yu also focused on the northern and southern sections of Beijing and Hangzhou
Chinese PinYin : Chen Xuan
Chen Yu
