voitinsky

Vikinski

Vjingsky (April 1893-1953), originally known as Gregory naumovich vjingsky, also known as Charkin and Wu Tingkang.

Life of the characters

In April 1893, he was born in the home of a timber yard keeper in Neville, vichebsk state, Russia.

In 1907, at the age of 14, vikinski graduated from the municipal four-year school, worked as a typesetter for three years at the vicebsk printing plant, and then worked as an accountant for three years at bestoruk. The work of typesetting and accounting made vyginski strict in the future. So that when he came to China and communicated with people, he was thought to have "studied economic statistics" background, because he "remembered the relevant figures of the national economic development of Soviet Russia very clearly, and listed the figures in the conversation to explain the growth of industrial and agricultural production after the victory of the revolution".

At the age of 20, vikingsky moved to the United States. In 1915, he joined the American socialist party and began to engage in political activities. During his five years in the United States, vyginski developed fluent English.

In the spring of 1918, vikinski returned to Russia and joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) in Vladivostok. During the Russian Civil War, he went to Krasnoyarsk and worked as a worker Soviet. During the gorchak rebellion, he took part in the uprising against gorchak Omsk.

In May 1919, he was arrested by the rebel gangsters, sentenced to life imprisonment, and then sent to Sakhalin Island for labor. During his labor service, he united with the political prisoners on the island to revolt and finally gained his freedom.

In January 1920, he returned to Vladivostok and began to work in the Communist International, responsible for Far East affairs. "He can't speak Chinese and was selected as an ambassador to China probably because his life in North America made him master English and cultivated his political sense.". In April, the Foreign Affairs Office of the Vladivostok branch of the Far East Bureau of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) sent a delegation to China, with vikinski as the head of the delegation. Thus, he "had the honor to become the first Soviet Party member who had direct contact with Chinese Communists in Beijing and Shanghai in 1920.". From May 1920 to January 1921, vikinski's main activities in China include: the establishment of the Socialist Youth League; the restoration and opening of the new youth, the labor circle, the Communist Party, Shanghai friends and other books and periodicals; the establishment of the Shanghai machine trade union; the opening of the labor Tutorial school, foreign language society, etc.

In January 1921, vikinski left China, and the labor circle ceased publication on January 16, 1921; the Communist Party came to a standstill; Shanghai friends ceased publication on January 16, 1921; and new youth was published in Guangzhou on April 1, 1921. Therefore, after weijingsky left Shanghai, the work of the early organization of the Communist Party of Shanghai stopped.

In April 1921, vikingsky came to China again to attend the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China originally scheduled to be held in May. The conference was not held as scheduled because the preparatory work was not completed. In May, vikinski returned to Moscow. Later, vyginski and Malin had a heated debate on the form of cooperation within the KMT and the Communist Party, opposing the way of cooperation within the Party advocated by Malin, which led to the loss of independence of the Communist Party. During this period, vikinski drafted the resolution on the Chinese national liberation movement and the Kuomintang, which was passed by the presidium of the Executive Committee of the Communist International and had a significant impact on the first National Congress of the Kuomintang.

In April 1924, vikinski came to China for the third time. He first went to Vladivostok and reached Beijing via Zhongdong road. At the end of April and the beginning of May, he arrived in Shanghai to attend the meeting of the enlarged Executive Committee of the CPC Central Committee. At the meeting, vikinski criticized the sentiment of quitting the KMT, and proposed to strengthen the work of the Communist Party itself and correct the rightist tendency that once existed in the cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party. After the meeting, Viking ski went to Guangzhou, accompanied by Liao Zhongkai, met with Sun Yat Sen, and attended the Pacific transport workers congress. At the end of November 1924, vikingsky came to China again to attend the "Fourth National Congress" of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai, and mediated the growing contradictions between Chen Duxiu and Borodin. In February 1925, vikinski returned to Moscow.

In July 1925, Viking ski came to China to direct the May 30th Movement. After the May 30th Movement reached a low ebb, the "brake" plan adopted was jointly formulated by vyginski and garahan, and directly promoted by vyginski in Shanghai by the CPC Central Committee. After the May 30th Movement, in the face of the reappearance of the Chinese Communist Party's tendency to withdraw from the KMT, vyginski put forward the Countermeasures: "from alliance to alliance". In response to the dispute between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, at the end of the year, Wei Jingsi invited Sun Ke, ye Chugong and Shao Yuanchong from the Kuomintang to meet with Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai and Zhang Guotao from the Communist Party. The talks played a positive role in rescuing the precarious cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but Cai Hesen regarded it as "the beginning of making concessions to the Bourgeoisie".

In June 1926, vikinski came to China for the last time and spent a whole year in China. In his current visit to China, vykinski is the chairman of Shanghai Far East Bureau of the Communist International. After the Far East Bureau started its work, it immediately faced two major events: the tendency of the Communist Party of China to withdraw from the Kuomintang and the upcoming northern expedition. Vikinski advocated "opposing the right from within" and demanded to stay in the Kuomintang to "strengthen his influence among the masses" and to strengthen the left in the Kuomintang. As for the northern expedition, vjingsky coordinated the different positions of the Communist Party of China and Moscow. Chen Duxiu's famous article on the northern expedition of the national government is the product of the will of the Far East Bureau headed by vjingsky. Later, vikinski and two other members of the Russian delegation of Far East Bureau, Rafis and Fujing, went to Guangzhou for nearly a month's on-the-spot investigation. Subsequently, the two reports submitted to Moscow stated that the focus of the trip was on the analysis of the "Zhongshan incident". The report analyzes the causes and consequences of the "Zhongshan ship incident" and the countermeasures that should be taken in the face of the consequences. Since the end of 1926, as the chairman of Shanghai Far East Bureau, vikinski's work in China has been in a difficult situation. Therefore, vikinski took the initiative to leave China and return to China, asking Moscow to send "an influential representative to China to guide the whole policy". This request was approved by Moscow.

In June 1927, vjingsky set out to return home. After returning to China, vikingsky broke away from the political affairs of the Communist International and engaged in teaching and research.

In 1953, vjingsky died of illness in Moscow.

Main achievements

After Li Dazhao's introduction, weijingsiji went to Shanghai to meet Chen Duxiu. They hate to see each other late. Vjingsky wrote to the Communist International and the Communist Party of Russia in praise of Chen Duxiu, calling him "a local professor with high reputation and great influence" and "a prestigious Chinese revolutionary". After their excellent organization, Shanghai set up the revolutionary Bureau, which consists of publishing department, propaganda department and Organization Department, and carried out a series of activities among students and workers. With these foundations, the Shanghai Communist group led by Chen Duxiu was formally established in August 1920. Weijingsiji, Chen Duxiu, Li Hanjun and others have cooperated with each other and done a lot of work, such as establishing the Chinese Socialist Youth League, opening the Sino Russian news agency and so on. Although vygens failed to attend the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) after returning to China to report, he made great efforts for the work of the Shanghai launching group of the CPC and indirectly laid a solid foundation for the convening of the first National Congress of the CPC. Later, he still came to China many times as a representative of the Communist International. Therefore, some party builders called him "the first and most contributing person" who helped the establishment of the CPC.

Anecdotes of characters

His Bolshevik identity and revolutionary career have given him many pseudonyms; therefore, in historical materials or textbooks, many other names of him will appear: wittensky, vikinsky, vikinsky, vikinsky, wittinsky, wittinsky, vikinsky, ukinsky, woychensky, vikinsky, fudinsk, fedinsk, hutinsk Dingsky, Hu Dingkang, Wu Tingkang, weijingsky and so on. The Chinese generally call him "vjingsky" and confirm that his Chinese name is "Wu Tingkang".

Character evaluation

Wu Tingkang, a representative sent by the Far East Bureau of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), is "the first member of the Soviet Union to have direct contact with Chinese Communists in Beijing and Shanghai.".

Vikinski was the first "emissary" sent by Soviet Russia to China.

Chinese PinYin : Wu Ting Kang