Xu Zihua

Xu Zihua

Xu Zihua (1873-1935) is a native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, with the word Jichen and the name Zhihui. Born in a famous family, she was a good friend of Nanshe poetess and chivalrous woman Qiu Jin. In her whole life, she changed from a lady of feudal society to a good friend of revolutionaries, and grew from an old-fashioned woman who complained about her ill fated life to a literary fighter who devoted herself to the revolution.

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Xu Zihua

(1873-1935), the word Jichen, is called repentance. Famous poetess. Shimen Yuxi (now Chongfu Town, Tongxiang) people. His grandfather, Xu Baoqian, was named Yatao, and his father, Xu duoliu, was named Xingbo. He was born with a sensitive and intelligent nature and began to chant at the age of 10. Seven years after his marriage, Xu Zihua's husband died. He was young and widowed. He was the principal of xunxi women's school in Nanxun.

Life of the characters

In February of 1906, Chu Fucheng introduced Qiu Jin to xunxi women's school to teach, and they met Zihua at first sight, so they made a life and death relationship. It's new year's alliance. In winter, Qiu Jin went to Shanghai to set up China Women's daily, which was sponsored by Zihua and her sister Xu Yunhua. In February 1907 (the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Zihua and Qiujin went boating on the West Lake to meet "buried bones in Xiling". After leaving, Qiu Jin went to Shaoxing to be the Prime Minister of Datong school, plotting to raise justice. In the middle of May, Qiu Jin is in urgent need of military pay to plan the uprising in Zhejiang Province. She comes to Chongfu in men's clothes to discuss with Xu Zihua. Both Zihua and Yunhua should have the ornaments worth about 30 liang of gold. Qiu Jin was very grateful. In order to repay her friendship, she gave Xu Zihua a gift from shuangcuichuan, saying: "the success or failure of the matter is unknown, so Gu left it as a memorial." Before leaving, he asked "buried bones Xiling" if he was unfortunate. At that time, the scene of three women holding hands was solemn and stirring. On June 6 of the lunar calendar, Qiu Jin was killed in Shaoxing. Her family did not dare to bury her. They stopped at Wenzhong mountain. When the bad news came to Chongfu, Xu Zihua was so sad that he wrote 12 laments in "Wai Jianhu nvxia", in which there was a sentence "how to establish a constitutional civilization, and how to act as a sole husband in vain", which directly denounced the authorities. In November of the lunar calendar, the Xu sisters braved the wind and snow to cross the river to Shaoxing. They moved out Qiu Jin's coffin, which was housed in Wenzhong mountain, and escorted it to Hangzhou for burial beside the Xiling bridge. This incident caused a great shock among the revolutionaries. They thought that the high righteousness of the Xu sisters did not let men. Later, he joined the autumn society with Chen Qubing and Chu Fucheng, and was elected president (after the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat Sen was honorary president). In September of the next year, Chang huisong, the imperial censor of the Qing Dynasty, asked the tomb to be flattened. Xu Zihua and Wu Zhiying, who participated in the performance, were his accomplices and ordered to be wanted. After hearing from China, he stayed away from Shanghai Japanese hospital for half a year. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Nanshe was founded and joined with Yun Hua. It was published in Nanshe series with poems. On October 10, 1911, an uprising broke out in Wuchang, Zhejiang Province recovered one after another, and Shimen was still occupied by Qing officials. When he lived in Suzhou, he sent an urgent telegram to Chu Fucheng, Minister of civil affairs of Zhejiang governor's office. Chu sent 200 revolutionary troops to capture Shimen and the whole county recovered. After the revolution of 1911, Zihua once again ruled out resistance and built a pavilion for Qiujin's Fuying tomb in Xiling. In 1913, he went to Shanghai to take over Jingxiong girls' school (Qiu Jin's name is Jingxiong), which was a miserable business. It was expanded from primary school to normal school and middle school. 15 years later, it was handed over to Canzhi, the queen of Qiu Jin, to take over the school, and left feichuan in the school, so that later generations can see things and think of people, and never forget them. After the failure of the "second revolution", he helped his comrades to die overseas, and sent someone to take care of his funeral when no one dared to collect the corpse of his deceased. In 1916, when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he traveled from China to Suzhou and Shanghai to coordinate the struggle against yuan. In 1920, he went to Guangdong with Sun Yat Sen and was ordered to return to Hangzhou to bury Su Manshu in Gushan, West Lake. His cemetery was purchased and presented by Zihua. In his later years, he was ill and went back to Hangzhou to preside over the autumn society. Through hardships, the autumn society and the autumn temple were preserved. He died at the age of 63 and was buried in the first cemetery in Hangzhou.

Historical evaluation

All his life, Xu Zihua was a chivalrous and righteous man who sponsored the revolution. Liu Yazi is fond of chanting in his spare time. Liu Yazi's poems can be compared with Li Qingzhao's. His works include listening to Zhulou's poems and confessing wisdom's poems, which are valued by later generations as well as shuangyunxuan's poems by Xiaoshu. In 1941, there was an oil printed edition of qiuxinlou poetry. The rest of the poems are scattered in Nanshe series. Xu Zihua's poetry anthology edited by Guo Yanli was published in 1990. In the early period, the poems were beautiful and lingering, mostly expressing the feelings of boudoir; in the later period, they were patriotic and worried, generous and high spirited, which won the praise of the people at that time. Liu Yazi's poem "niannujiao · titjichen lady's words of repentance" is a gift to Mrs. Peishan from Ding'an, and it says: "such a wizard, there are Qingling tents and Xie Jiaqiong trees. I'll live on the riverside road and enjoy the moon. Who can distinguish the present from the past? The beauty of E-Mei is peerless, and the world is like earth. " Comparing his ci with Li Qingzhao's, we can see the high evaluation.

Character's former residence

Xu Zihua's former residence is located at No. 19, Miaolong, Chongfu town. It is a late Qing Dynasty building with three halls and one floor. The house where Xu lived is still intact.

Revolutionary friendship

Xu Zihua was born in 1873 in Chongfu Town, Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province. Among his brothers and sisters, Xu Zihua was deeply loved by his grandfather and father. In 1900, the government of the eight countries was worried about the invasion of China and the establishment of a new imperial examination system. At the beginning of 1906, Zhang bianqun, a wealthy businessman in Nanxun, imitated Shanghai Patriotic girls' school and founded xunxi girls' school, employing Xu Zihua as its president. In March of the same year, Qiu Jin, who had just returned from Japan, was introduced to teach in xunxi women's school. Xu Zihua and Qiu Jin are friends at first sight. They get along day and night and talk about state affairs. Later, Qiu Jin introduced Xu Zihua and his sister Xu Yunhua to join the alliance. Qiu Jin was one of the leaders of the alliance in Zhejiang at that time. After two months of teaching, she decided to leave Nanxun and go to other places for development. Xu Zihua knew that Qiu Jin was ambitious, so he wrote a poem to say goodbye.

After Qiu Jin left Nanxun, Xu Zihua resigned from xunxi girls' school because his father was seriously ill and returned to Chongfu to serve his parents. Soon after, Xu Zihua's father died. Qiu Jin came to mourn after hearing the news and lived in the Xu family for half a month. The friendship between them became more profound. When Xu Zihua learned that Qiu Jin had difficulty in raising funds for organizing China Women's daily in Shanghai, he generously donated more than 1000 silver dollars. His sister Yunhua also sold off her gold and silver jewelry and made up 500 yuan to Qiu Jin. After receiving a grant from the Xu sisters, Qiu Jin soon set up China Women's daily in Shanghai, and the first and second issues were published smoothly. One night in late May 1907, Qiu Jin suddenly came to Chongfu Xu's home again. Qiu Jin tells Xu Zihua that the uprising is about to take place, so she takes the opportunity to go to Shanghai to take a detour to say goodbye to her. In the conversation, Qiu Jin mentioned the difficulties in planning the funds for the uprising. At this time, the Xu family had declined. After living in a widowed family, Xu Zihua raised a couple of children on her own. She was in financial difficulties. She gave her savings and jewelry about thirty taels of gold to Qiu Jin as money for the uprising. Qiu Jin was so moved that she took off a pair of jade bracelets from her wrist and gave them back to Xu Zihua as a memento. In this regard, Xu Zihua later wrote "crying Jianhu nvxia":

After knocking at the gate of wood in the middle of the night, shaking hands and shaking hands, I feel scared and thin. The deeper the chronic disease is, the more difficult the skill is, and the heavier the quilt is, the colder the mud is. It's easy to be falsely accused of being sincere and patriotic, and forget to return to public welfare. It's so sad that I can't hear it.

In July, Xu Xilin, a member of the revolutionary party, lost his life in Anqing uprising. A week later, Qiu Jin was also arrested in Shaoxing and died at guxuantingkou, Shaoxing. Xu Zihua was devastated by the news and wrote 12 poems "crying Jianhu nvxia", denouncing the Qing government and mourning his best friend. Then he wrote poems and essays such as the history of Lady Qiu, the anecdotes of Qiu Jin, and the article of commemorating lady Qiu, which aroused strong social repercussions after the publication of the times, the novel forest, and the Shenzhou daily.

When Qiu Jin died in March, Xu Zihua planned to bury her remains in the West Lake. Unexpectedly, Mei Rong, her beloved daughter, suddenly suffered from diphtheria. She died and was hit again by her lost daughter. But she endured her grief, crossed the Qiantang River in the wind and snow, and came to Qiu's home in Shaoxing. She and Qiu Yuzhang, Qiu Jin's elder brother, carried the torch into the mountain at night to find Qiu Jin's coffin, and agreed on the journey of secretly transporting Qiu Jin's coffin to Hangzhou. Then she returned to Hangzhou and invested in buying a cemetery beside Xiling bridge in West Lake. On January 25, 1908, Qiu Jin was buried on the Bank of Xiling bridge. Wu Zhiying wrote on the tombstone "Wu Hu, the tomb of Jianhu female Xia Qiu Jin". And then published the official letter of meeting and sacrificing Jianhu. In late February, a memorial service attended by 400 people was held in Fenglin, West Lake, where Xu Zihua reported on the construction of the autumn tomb. Soon after, Xu Zihua wrote the tomb list of Jianhu female Xia Qiujun, which was written by Wu Zhiying and printed in stone. Chen Qubing, Chu Fucheng, Yao Yongchen and other dozens of people with lofty ideals met to set up the autumn society and jointly promoted Xu Zihua as its president. They decided to hold commemorative activities every year on the sixth day of the sixth month of the sixth lunar month.

In October of the same year, the Qing Imperial censor Chang Hui came to Hangzhou and found Qiu Jin's tomb while touring the West Lake. After Chang Hui returned to the capital, he asked to "destroy the autumn tomb and arrest Wu Xu". The Qing court immediately ordered the governor of Zhejiang to strictly investigate. News in the newspaper, public opinion. Under the pressure of public opinion, the Qing government did not dare to punish Xu Zihua and Wu Zhiying. Qiu Jin's coffin was taken out by Qiu's family and moved back to Shaoxing. Later, Wang Yuande, Qiu Jin's son, sent people to Xiangtan, Hunan.

On the new year's day of 1912, Xu Zihua called together members of the Qiu society in Hangzhou to raise funds to re camp Qiu Jin's tomb, and personally served as the director of the funeral office. She issued "the initiation of building the wind and rain Pavilion for the revival of the autumn society in Xiling". She called the provisional president Sun Yat Sen for support for the revival of the autumn society, and wrote to the provincial council to propose that the remains of Ying Qiujin should be buried in the West Lake. Later, she sent Chen Qubing, a member of the autumn society, and Qiu Li, Qiu Jin's younger sister, to Hunan to welcome her home.

After more than half a year's appeal, Qiu Jin's coffin finally came from Hunan

Chinese PinYin : Xu Zi Hua