He Ziyuan

He Ziyuan

He Ziyuan (1865-1941), whose name is Lin Shu, was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty in Xingning City, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. He was a modern Chinese democratic revolutionist, social activist, educator, industrialist, politician, veteran of the 1911 Revolution and founder of modern Chinese education.

He joined the alliance in 1906 and served as the leader of Jiaying Prefecture. He was one of the leaders of Huanggang uprising in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province. He secretly participated in the planning of Huanghuagang uprising in Guangzhou. In 1914, in response to Dr. Sun Yat Sen's call, he organized to fight yuan Jun. later, he was ordered to set up mining industry and raise revolutionary funds. In 1920, Sun Yat Sen was appointed to the general headquarters of Guangdong army, and in 1925, he raised money for the eastern expedition army.

He Ziyuan successively founded many new primary and secondary schools in the local area. He pioneered the trend, publicized revolutionary ideas, and cultivated a large number of talents. He made outstanding contributions to the revolution of 1911, modern Chinese education, saving the country through industry, and cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

Life of the characters

He was born in shunyulu, xingwozi, Shima Town, Xingning City, Guangdong Province on January 23, 1865 (the fourth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty).

In 1881, he took part in the hospital examination of Jiaying Prefecture and won the first place in class A. he was recorded as a student and then went to Xingning county government to perform his duties.

In 1883, he was promoted to be a school inspector because he was "young and mature, fair in handling affairs, good in writing and morality" and was full-time supervisor of the education work of the whole county.

In March 1884, he Ziyuan set out from Guangzhou, traveled to the United States by freighter at his own expense, investigated basic education and tea trade, and returned home in the same year, determined to "reform education, save the country and strive for strength".

In June 1885, he founded the first Western-style six-year "yunandong primary school" in his hometown. He was the principal of the school and taught students Chinese, arithmetic, history, geography, pictures, singing, gymnastics and labor.

In 1888, Tongren school was founded.

In 1896, deeply aware of the decline of national power and the corruption of official administration, he Ziyuan contacted the anti Qing organization "Hongmen society" and secretly joined Hongmen. He was respected as "Yuangong" by his peers.

In the winter of 1903, he Ziyuan and Xiao Huichang founded Xingmin school. In the second year, he and Chen Shaoyue founded Shima primary school. They trained a large number of talents for the alliance, Xingmin middle school and Xingning County High School (the predecessor of Xingning No.1 Middle School). After Sun Yat Sen founded the alliance in Tokyo, Japan, more than 200 people joined the association in hsingmei County alone, which can not but be attributed to Ho Ziyuan's early educational innovation.

In 1904, he Ziyuan, Xiao Huichang, Jiang Baijian, Yao Zhuying and others planned the Huanggang uprising in Chaozhou. The next year, they gathered more than 1000 people in the name of building the railway, and made an appointment to "raise a case". However, they failed because of the leakage of information, which is known as the first Huanggang uprising in history.

In 1905, Sun Yat Sen founded the Alliance Association in Tokyo, Japan. He Ziyuan was introduced into the association by his student he tianjiong, and became the leader of the alliance in Jiaying Prefecture. In order to overthrow the corrupt regime of Manchu Qing Dynasty, we actively raised funds and publicized revolution among students.

From 1905 to 1907, he Ziyuan met with Xu xueqiu, Xie Yiqiao, Xiao Huichang and other key members of the alliance twice. Yu Jicheng and Chen Yongbo of Chaozhou meihui Association instigated the Huanggang uprising in Chaozhou, and together with Qiu Fengjia rescued Zhang Huagu, Xiao Huichang and other party members in distress.

In 1906, he and Xiao Huichang founded Xingning simple normal school. He was the founder of Xingning No.1 middle school, Xingmin middle school and Shima Central Primary School, the first batch of model high schools in China, the pioneer of Meizhou culture and education, and the pioneer of Xingning new school.

In 1909, he Ziyuan and more than 10 people, including Xiao Huichang, Zhang Huagu, Jiang Baijian, borrowed guns from foreigners to prepare for the Jieqi uprising in Meixian County. Later, he failed because of the leak. When he retreated, he Ziyuan took the risk of covering in the rear of the palace, and was in danger. Soon after, he Ziyuan and other leaders of the alliance, such as he tianjiong and he Tianhan, devoted themselves to raising funds, buying guns and ammunition, and participating in the Huanghuagang uprising in Guangzhou and Huizhou uprising, which shocked China and foreign countries.

In 1910, on the eve of the Huanghuagang uprising in Guangzhou, he tianjiong wrote "yiziyuan family uncle" affectionately, describing he Ziyuan, who worked all day for the Party comrades and devoted himself to the party state, as chisongzi, the Chinese imperial teacher who inherited Yanhuang and later qiyaoshun, and laid the foundation for China.

In 1911, he Ziyuan, together with the leaders of the alliance, he tianjiong and Huang Xing, made great efforts to raise funds to buy guns and ammunition, recruit members who dare to die, plan the Huanghuagang uprising in Guangzhou, and assign Hongmen brothers, such as Chen Wenyou of diaotan village in Shima, to transport guns and ammunition. They planned to launch an uprising in Huicheng to meet the failure of the Huanghuagang uprising. Unfortunately, Chen Wenyou and others were arrested and killed, and buried in Huanghuagang, where he Shangju, Ziyuan's eldest son, was buried Missing and dead.

On October 10, 1911, the night of the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising in Hubei Province, he Guanzhong, a well-informed man, immediately learned about the uprising. He organized Li Jishen and other students in his dorm. With the help of bashao, he sneaked out of the military academy to blow up Caohe iron bridge, the only artery of the Qing army going south. The bombing of the Caohe iron bridge delayed the Qing army's journey to suppress the Uprising Movement, which not only greatly supported the next military action of the Wuchang Uprising army in Hubei Province, but also made great contributions to the victory of the revolution of 1911.

At the beginning of 1912, he Ziyuan was elected as the acting speaker by the newly established parliament government of Xingning county. At the end of the same year, he was elected as the speaker by the public. He has put forward such plans as revitalizing the mountains and forests, opening up industries, banning opium and gambling, and implemented them.

In 1914, he Ziyuan and others organized to denounce yuan Jun at the command of Sun Yat Sen, but they were defeated. Xiao Huichang and Zhang Huagu were forced to leave Nanyang, while Ziyuan continued to stay in Xingning to deal with long Jiguang, a member of yuan family.

In 1920, he Ziyuan took the post of Sun Yat Sen's Guangdong army general headquarters to participate in the military consultation. He made great contributions to Deng Zhongyuan, chief of staff of the Guangdong army, and to the promotion of the northern expedition of the Guangdong army. In the autumn of the same year, through the mediation of he Ziyuan and others, he Guanzhong, the commander of the independent battalion of the Fujian Guangdong army, led his division back to Guangdong from Fujian at the order of Marshal sun DA and chief of staff Deng Zhongyuan. Unfortunately, he died at the age of 32 when he countered the GUI warlord Mo Rongxin in Huizhou. Later, Sun Yat Sen was very big, and he Guanzhong was posthumously granted the title of Colonel by the president. He was buried in the cemetery of the first Guangdong Army division in Guangzhou. Luo Shiyang, former Secretary of the general command of the Guangdong army and director of the Jixun Bureau, wrote biographies and inscriptions.

In 1921, when he Ziyuan went to Guangzhou on business, he met Sun Yat Sen, who was already a very big president. President sun specially instructed he Ziyuan to bury the remains of the martyr of Guanzhong in the immersion mountain opposite the martyr's ancestral hall of erwanggang army outside the east gate of Guangzhou. He Guanzhong was posthumously granted the title of colonel. Luo Shiyang wrote a biography and inscription for him.

In the spring of 1925, in order to calm down the disturbance of Chen Jiongming's remnant, when the eastern expedition army was reviving Ning, he and county magistrate Luo Shiyang were able to bring grain, goods and money to express their sympathy to all the officers and soldiers of the eastern expedition army, and in a short period of time, they raised 20000 ocean military salaries and a large number of materials.

In order to commemorate and commend the achievements of he Ziyuan, in 1928, led by Zhang Ying and Luo Youshan, the people of Xingning spontaneously raised funds to build a reinforced concrete bridge near xiaobimen and shaqiangong, which is now in front of heshanyan, and named it "Donghan bridge" by Leshi.

In the early 1930s, he Ziyuan raised his own funds to build a bridge of mixed structure of clay, brick and stone on the river near jiaoluo path, which is the only way from Xingcheng to Shima. The local people also named it the bridge of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the bridge was commemorated by Leshi.

When the September 18th Incident broke out in 1931, he Ziyuan sent his third son Shang Wen, fourth son Shang Zhou, son-in-law Liang Shiji and other children and relatives to the Anti Japanese battlefield.

In the winter of 1939, general Zhang Fakui, commander-in-chief of the army of the Republic of China, presented a large plaque of pear logs to the central hall of guangyulu. In the winter of the same year, Luo Yingqiu, the pioneer of the new printmaking movement, presented the painting kapok primrose on behalf of the teachers and students of No.1 middle school to Mr. Ziyuan, the retiring revolutionary mentor.

In 1940, he Ziyuan, because of his friendship with Wen Kewei, the head of Xingning County, urged him to raise funds in many ways to repair the North Building of the South courtyard of Xingmin middle school, Dacheng hall, Zunjing Pavilion and other ancient buildings destroyed by Japanese aggressors.

On August 18, 1941, he Ziyuan retired to live in his hometown and passed away at the age of 77. The national government issued an additional 8.6 liang of silver pension, and the county magistrate of winkaway personally presided over the funeral.

Anecdotes of characters

Anecdotes of Yuangong

During the Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty, the National Geological Exploration Department discovered a large-scale nonferrous tungsten tin deposit in guankeng, which is located at the junction of Xingmei, Guangdong Province. However, it has been suffering from many years of mountain forest disputes between the two counties, and can not be exploited on a large scale. It was not until 1918 (the year of Wu Wu), under the instruction of Marshal Sun Yat Sen and the unanimous recommendation of the county heads of Xingmei County, when he Ziyuan was concurrently the chairman of the board of directors, that things took a turn for the better. The dispute between the two counties over the mountains and forests for many years was resolved, and the production and operation of the mine was smoothly carried out. Guankeng tungsten mine had been mining until the end of the 1980s, and was finally closed because of the depletion of mineral resources.

He tianjiong, the old man in the Yuan Dynasty of the Republic of China, highly praised he Ziyuan. Every time he went home, he would tell the sedan chair driver to carry himself to shunyulu, Shima xingwozi, and then stop the sedan chair. No matter whether he Ziyuan was at home or not, he would never go home until he saw him.

Once, he Ziyuan came back to guangyulu from Xingcheng to live in a sedan chair. When he came to the "three eye bridge" in Shima, the sedan chair driver suddenly found a drowned beggar curled up in the reeds beside the road. After hearing the news, Yuan Gong immediately ordered the sedan chair driver to stop the sedan chair, and then got off the sedan chair. He came forward to ask. Seeing a kind old man coming, the beggar said out of breath: "old man, I have an emergency, I'm going to die. Please take my burden back to my son... " When Ziyuan saw that the patient was in critical condition, he immediately stopped him from talking to keep his strength and ordered the sedan chair driver to take care of him

Chinese PinYin : He Zi Yuan