Xue Huan

Xue Huan

Xue Huan (December 21, 1815 ~ March 13, 1880), a native of Xingwen County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, was one of the earliest pioneers of Westernization Movement in China.

In 1839, Xue Huan was elected as governor of Jiangsu Province, governor of Liangjiang, Minister of rites, Minister of prime minister's Yamen, right Minister of Ministry of industry, and left Deputy censor of capital inspection department.

Xue Huan organized a foreign spear team to successfully block the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's attack on Shanghai. He set up a new school, established Zunjing Academy (the predecessor of Sichuan University), and served as the first mountain leader.

The general picture is a large-scale black-and-white photo taken by William Joslin in the British Consulate in Shanghai on October 30, 1858: "Xue Huan of Shanghai Daotai".

Life of the characters

Suppression of the knife Club

Born in gumuwan, Litang Township, Yibin County, Xuzhou Prefecture, Sichuan Province (today's qiaokan community, Zhaochang Town, Yibin City), Xue Huan was naturalized in Xingwen County school because his father had a good relationship with Xue family in Fu'an Township, Xingwen County.

In the 24th year of Daoguang (1844), the whole family donated to the county magistrate. In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), he was elected as the magistrate of Jinshan County, Jiangsu Province. On the way to Xinyang, he called on Xinyang County (now Anhui Province) to take office as the magistrate of Jinshan County after the disaster relief.

In April of the first year of Xianfeng (1851), he delayed the opening of the boat and was dismissed from his post. The search is correct, and the purpose is to open the reply. In August, Yishu was dismissed from his post in case of theft prevention, and his heirs were convicted within the time limit. He was restored to his official position and remained in Jiangsu Province to make up for it. Later, he entered xiangrongmu to praise the Jiangnan camp.

In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), it was reported to the governor of Jiangsu Province. In the first month of the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), Governor Xu naizhao called on 1500 Chuanyong people to suppress the Xiaodaohui uprising in Shanghai. In March, the thieves robbed the North Camp of Shanghai. Xue Huan followed the chief envoy, jilhang Adu, who was very strict, and the thieves could not enter. Yi Liang, governor of Liangjiang, and others made their contribution and got the order: to be registered. When the magistrate of Jiangsu Province was absent, they asked for a simple bill.

Suzhou pingdai

It's the month, the governor of Songjiang Prefecture. Fengxian County People's resistance to grain is bound to change. When Xue huanchi arrived, he arrested one or two of them, and the rest were obedient.

Xianfeng five years (1855), transferred to Suzhou Prefecture magistrate. He conquered Shanghai with his army, and Xue Huan cut off the remaining bandits.

In the first month of the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), he was honored with Hualing. Soon he donated the title of salt envoy. In the name of Chaozhou, the bandits of Guangdong Province took the city of Chaozhou as the place where the local people lived. In August, Xue Huan discovered the bandit's tracks and gathered at the bar outside the gate of changmen, where he had a drink. So he made a secret agreement with the camp leader and the gentlemen, who led their troops to cover up the attack, captured the leader and killed more than 190 people, and the territory was safe. When you hear about it, you should name it as a Taoist priest. If you are short, you should ask for permission.

In May of the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), he promoted Susong grain storage road. In June, tune Su Songtai road.

In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), he moved to be an inspector and did not take up his post. The ships of England and the United States sailed from Guangdong to Shanghai. In order to do business, they sailed from Shanghai to Tianjin with French ships. Xue Huan investigated the news and reported it to he Guiqing, governor of Liangjiang, and other officials.

In March of the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), the imperial censor Jiang Zhizhang wrote to Baozhang: "Xue Huan had courage and resourcefulness. When he was a Shanghai official, foreigners were afraid to accept him. Please specially call to Beijing and entrust it to the Prime Minister of Horqin. Soon, the foreign ships were defeated by senggreeqin. In June, he joined emperor Xianfeng. In August, to deal with the aftermath of Shanghai, the next discussion. In November, he promoted Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) as a political envoy.

Strive to protect Shanghai

In February of the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), he was awarded the rank of governor and assisted in the trade affairs of Haikou. He Guiqing, governor of the two rivers, absconded to Shanghai. Xu Youren, governor of Jiangsu Province, died in the war. The military situation was urgent. In March, the Taiping army attacked Changzhou, and Xue Huanfu rushed back to Changzhou to prevent traffic jams. In March, he transferred Jiangsu's political envoys. The governor of the two rivers was also appointed.

In May, he was promoted to governor of Jiangsu Province and still served as governor of Liangjiang. The Taiping army even fell into Suzhou, Changzhou and Taicang. In June, he returned to Songjiang Prefecture, Qingpu County, where Xue Huan was located. Soon after that, Zhang Jingqu and other local people's groups conquered the Songjiang River and won the award. First, the bandits abandoned the city in Jiading County; then, they lost it again. Pingwang town is an important thoroughfare of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Jintan county was besieged, and Xue Huan and Feng Zicai, the commander in chief, helped it. Jiading is more than 60 li away from Shanghai, with Nanxiang and Zhenru towns in the middle. The bandits built walls on the southwest two roads of Nanxiang to recruit bandits to flee Shanghai. Xue Huan ordered the county magistrate Liu YingGAO group to distribute in Zhenru (now Zhenru town in Shanghai) and Jiangqiao town. He also dispatched troops to Luodian and Yuepu in order to consolidate the gate of Baoshan. He also urged Wu Yun, the governor of Suzhou, to attack Qingpu and Zhou murun, the governor of Changzhou, to restore Jiangyin, and the navy ships to guard the south of the Yangtze River and prevent Taiping troops from crossing north. Taicang Prefecture is adjacent to Jiading, and Xue Huan ordered the guerrilla Fu'an to guard it. The shiqingpu army lost and the Songjiang River sank again.

In July, the Taiping army invaded Shanghai and attacked it for seven days and nights. Xue Huan and Wu Xu of Shanghai road were divided into two groups, and the Taiping army broke through. Xue Huan ordered Chen Rulin to return to Songjiang. The bandits in Nanxiang Town were annihilated by yejidun militia and took advantage of the victory to attack Jiading and Qingpu. If you don't get in, you can enjoy one. Xue Huan impeached Feng Zicai, delayed the military, dismissed him, and stayed in the military camp for investigation. To handle the trade affairs of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shanghai, Neijiang, Chaozhou, Qiongzhou, Taiwan and Danshui. In December, we asked that "according to the trade tax, foreign businessmen should transport rice to Tianjin for official purchase, and price on time, so that there is no need to purchase rice at a given price.". I'd like to discuss with you.

In the first month of the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), he donated military salaries and gave a special account at the bottom. In March, the bandits of Jiading and Qingpu reappeared and harassed the border of Songjiang. Xue Huan and the governor Zeng Bingzhong blocked the bandits of Jiading and Qingpu. They sent troops to guard Jinshan and collected information about the rout troops of Zhejiang Province to block the area of Jinshan Acropolis.

In May, Zeng Bingzhong and others defeated Jinshan. On the 6th, the bandits in Qingpu came out to attack the camp, and Li hengsong, the general of the Imperial Army, set up an ambush to resist and captured many people.

In July, he asked for the establishment of a general bureau of raising wages to serve as the salt transport envoy Jin Anqing to handle the raising of wages in the southern and Northern Taiwan. He also asked the Fujian provincial government to deal with the problem of delaying military supplies. In September, censor Yang Rongxu and others impeached Xue Huan for corruption and ordered Zeng Guofan, governor of Liangjiang, to investigate. Xunzaoyan said: "Xue Huan was quite obedient when he was appointed to the Suzhou government. During his term of office in Shanghai, he also reached a compromise in handling tariff and foreign affairs. He was promoted to governor and stationed in Shanghai. He paid more than 200000 yuan a month, so he could not deal with thieves all the way. Zhenjiang and Yangzhou are the only places in Jiangsu Province where they can survive. They have never been close to the two counties, and they can't pay more to support each other. Last year, Guangyong was banned, while Zeng Bingzhong, Feng Rikun and other trusted departments were all Guangyong. Zeng Bingzhong plundered the foreign ships, and Feng Rikun killed many gentry in Jinshan. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union, the people have come together in Shanghai, and there are too many people. Every time there is a difference Commission, the rate is obtained by the business; or in the absence of a difference Commission, the method of seeking a position is used. Shanghai is prosperous and Suzhou's books, calligraphy and paintings are sold by thieves. Xue Huan set up a calligraphy and painting bureau to buy famous works. The imperial edict inquired that "to stay in Shanghai, there is nothing to do; officials rush to compete, to entertain antiques", which is roughly the same as what I heard. As for the words "since the beginning of business, bribery has been widely used" in the book, it is said that Xue Huan had made several trips to Beijing in the ninth year, and he lost his money. In Beijing, I have the feeling of being left behind. Besides, nothing else. When Xue Huan was in a corner of the country, he had a lot of discussions. In the financial and Fu areas of the Soviet Province, the atmosphere of thieves is blazing, and I'm afraid we can't win this important task. ". News.

In winter, the thieves were trapped in Fengxian, Nanhui and Chuansha, approaching Baoshan and Wusongkou. Xue Huan and Zeng Bingzhong's army had 40000 people to defend the pass, so they were hard to be the enemy. He asked Teng Silin, deputy general of Zeng Guofan's Committee, to go to Hunan to recruit more than 10000 elite soldiers, and only 700 of them returned. When Zeng Guofan sent Taoist priest Zeng Guoquan to Shanghai to help suppress the enemy, Xue Huan tried his best to arrange it. However, since the fall of Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou in Zhejiang Province, the adverse atmosphere became more and more uncontrollable. Most of the gentry of the two provinces live in Shanghai. Please borrow British and French foreign troops to help suppress them. Shi Taiping Army directly attacked Shanghai from Fengxian and other places, and Britain and France cooperated in defense.

In the first month of the first year of tongzhi (1862), Xue Huan received a lot of news and a special award. When the thief attacked Songjiang, American wall and his deputy general manager Bai Qiwen led the team to attack and lost. In February, he accompanied the officers and soldiers to wipe out the bandits in Tianma mountain, Chenshan mountain, Gaoqiao and Xiaotang. Xue Huan also urged Li hengsong to join the foreign troops to solve the siege of Sijing. In March, soldiers from Britain, France and Russia broke through the bandit camp of wangjiasi temple, and Shanghai West Road was cleared.

This month, Li Hongzhang, a Taoist priest, was appointed governor of Jiangsu Province, and Xue Huan was appointed Minister of Commerce. First, it was said that Xue Huan increased his troops to pay for MI and borrowed foreign troops to fight against the enemy. In April, Xue Huan sparsely said: "since the liberation of Shanghai in the 10th year of Xianfeng, Japan and Sidao discussed with each other that if they want to protect the city, they should first guard the key passes; they set up Tangqiao, Sijing and Guangfulin camps for Songjiang, Qibao, Zhenru and yejidun camps for Shanghai, and camp around the city for Baoshan. Over the past few hundred years, those who have fought hundreds of battles, big and small, but the bandits can't fight down the city directly, are not bad at intercepting the troops, and those who can't afford to increase their troops can't. Since the Soviet Union and Zhejiang, it has been said that the foreign people can be relied on. I don't know that the direction of the foreign people is to turn their back on the strength of our country. If they are not strong enough, they are not strong enough. If they want to borrow their strength, they can't. To manage and lead the troops bravely, there is no general material, but to reward and encourage them to show vigilance; to make them strive for self-improvement, and to hope that foreign soldiers will be happy to help them. I'm even more tactful. Wu Xu, walben, and others have hired soldiers to teach them how to be brave. If they succeed in training, they will be dispatched by me! Since the five victories of the five wars, there has been a vague sense of freedom from the shackles. Moreover, every battle must be rewarded, and the gullies are not easy to be filled. Wu Xu and others still thought that the great wall could be relied on; stealing means that those who control foreign countries should be controlled by us, but only by tacit judgment to turn their rebellious spirit into reality. yes

Chinese PinYin : Xue Huan