Zhao Daiwen

Zhao Daiwen

Zhao Daiwen (1866-1943), whose name is long, lived in Mayi (now Shuozhou) before moving to Dongye town of Wutai County in the late Ming Dynasty. As the only way to the cool resort of Mount Wutai, a Buddhist resort, Zhao Daiwen called himself a person of cool mountain. He was a Confucianist, a member of the league, a member of the National Party, and one of the main leaders of the Xinhai uprising in Shanxi Province. Yan Xishan's military adviser, Prime Minister and elder brother. He is the advocator of Shanxi defending territory and anti Japanese War and organizing the alliance. He served as chairman of Shanxi provincial government, Minister of interior and President of supervision of the national government. After the Republic of China, all the people who came from the military and political circles in Shanxi were his students.

Character experience

Abandon agriculture and study business

Zhao Daiwen was born in Dongye Town, Wutai County, Shanxi Province on the third day of November in the fifth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. His father, Zhao Lianghuai, had to abandon agriculture and study business because of his parents' early death. He embarked on a different life path from his parents, but he could not forget the ancestral motto of "farming and studying the family". Therefore, after a carefree childhood, 9-year-old Zhao Daiwen was sent to a village school and began to receive enlightenment education with his peers. From the beginning of "Three Character Classic" and "thousand character essay", Zhao Daiwen studied step by step in his childhood. By the age of 14, he was able to read classics and history works by himself. Because "read Songyang handout, know that there are sages.". He also read "a brief introduction to Yinghuan" by Xu Jiyu of Tongli and "a clear understanding of the world situation". In the meantime, because of admiring the scholar Lu Longqi in the early Qing Dynasty, he was named second dragon.

The road of imperial examination

Zhao Daiwen is not only the eldest son of his family, but also "born to be different", so he is naturally placed with high hopes. Like all scholars at that time, Zhao Daiwen began to take the road of imperial examination. At the age of 19, he won the Academy test, and took charge of Jinyang Academy in Taiyuan. In Jinyang academy, young Zhao Daiwen studied under Mr. Li Juyuan for five years. Master Li Juyuan highly praised Cheng and Zhu Neo Confucianism. In view of this, Zhao Daiwen was deeply influenced by Neo Confucianism in song and Ming Dynasties in his highly plastic youth. In 1890, Zhao Daiwen, 24, studied in Jinyang Academy. Three years later, in 1893, Zhao Daiwen formally took part in the examination after more than ten years of cultural accumulation. His solid knowledge of the old school promoted his essay to be "the first essay in modern and ancient times by Wang meicen.". Then, according to the Convention, he was transferred to "Lingde hall" to continue his studies. Zhao Daiwen's entrance to the Lingde hall undoubtedly means the further smooth official career. However, it is puzzling that he never took the exam again. Instead of becoming Zhao Daiwen's ladder to his official career, lingdetang ended his career of imperial examination. Zhao Daiwen, who entered the Lingde hall, didn't go on the way of being a scholar. Instead, he never took the exam again and devoted himself to his studies. If he did not study in Japan in the future, Zhao Daiwen would undoubtedly become a scholar.

Governing Confucianism

After lingdetang died, Zhao Daiwen began to apply what he had learned in more than 20 years and went to Qixian County to build a family library. At the same time, in the process of studying Confucian classics and reading the history of scholars, we found the profound meaning of Buddhist scriptures. So after middle age, we concentrated on Buddhist scriptures and actively explored philosophy in the field of religion, realizing the generality of Confucianism and Buddhism. Therefore, Zhao Daiwen's academic career can be divided into three stages: the first stage focuses on physical and mental life, the middle stage focuses on practical application, and the last stage focuses on the exploration of universe and philosophy of life. He himself summed it up as "the aspiration of Buddhists and the action of Confucians". On the one hand, his meticulous study, careful discussion and in-depth understanding of Chinese traditional culture over the past few decades have made him a "virtuous man", on the other hand, he has become the capital and ladder of Yan Xishan's life as the chief assistant in the latter half of his life.

Study in Japan

In the winter of 1905, when Zhao daiwensan was 19 years old (in the 31st year of Guangxu of Qing Dynasty), he was recommended by Shanxi authorities to study in Japan at public expense and enrolled in the normal school of Tokyo Hongwen University. I hope to meet Yan Xishan in Shanxi Association.

social relations

At the turn of the 19th century and the 20th century, it was a turbulent era in Chinese history. In 1900, in the frenzy of imperialist powers dividing up China, a massive Boxer Movement against imperialism was launched in northern China. At this time, Zhao Daiwen was still studying in other counties, so he set out to return to his hometown, Dongye, to form a militia and serve as the head of the regiment. Although he lost his life, Zhao Daiwen, who always focused on academic theory, was put to the test of his first practice in his life. Under the compromise of the Qing government, the Boxer Movement was brutally suppressed by the Allied forces of the eight countries. Zhao Daiwen, who returned home to defend his hometown, went back to his old career and continued to teach as a teacher. First he went to Ningwu middle school to teach, and then he was employed by Shanxi University. The great turning point of Zhao Daiwen's life took place in 1905. It is an important proposition gradually recognized by the Chinese government and the public at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, there was a big tide of studying abroad in China. In the autumn of 1904, Zhang Zengyu, the governor of Shanxi Province, asked 50 students to study in Japan on the ground that "learning is not fully open, but there is no one to teach and study, and training is even less intensive. Since he did not choose students to go abroad to study, he could not cultivate talents in order to open the atmosphere." Among them, 20 were enrolled in ordinary schools to study various courses, 10 in accelerated normal schools to teach management and other methods, and 20 in the army. The students were assigned. The students were from the normal school and Shanxi University. The martial arts practitioners were selected from the military preparation school. At that time, Zhao Daiwen was teaching in Shanxi University, so as a member of Shanxi public school students studying in Japan, he shouldered the mission of learning the methods of Professor management "in order to set up a normal school". He traveled across the sea to Fusang and went to Hongwen Normal University in Tokyo, Japan for further study. Like many students studying in Japan at that time, Zhao Daiwen, who was responsible for the Qing government's mission to Japan, went on the opposite path in the future. Become one of the earliest alliance members of Shanxi. In the autumn of 1906, Zhao Daiwen graduated from Tokyo Hongwen normal school and was ready to return home. It happened that Yan Xishan was ready to return home to visit his relatives. At this time, Sun Yat Sen and the headquarters of the alliance, in view of the reality that "the northern folk custom is suddenly blocked, and it is urgent to do a good job in launching the revolution", planned to send backbone members back to carry out the work of launching the revolution. Therefore, they agreed to accept the organizational task and go together. Zhao Daiwen and Yan Xishan set out from Tokyo with two bombs issued by the headquarters of the alliance as weapons to launch the revolution and set out on their way home. After passing the customs with a bomb, Yan Xishan rushed through without danger because of his calm and correct judgment. However, the spirit of the two people's competing for responsibility in the dangerous moment will remain in each other's memory forever, which lays a good foundation for their long-term cooperation and mutual understanding in the future. In 1906, Zhao Daiwen was already in office. After returning home with Yan Xishan carrying two bombs, he successively held the posts of teacher, commoner and Zhaiwu in Taiyuan agriculture and forestry school and Jinyang middle school. At the same time, according to the organization arrangement, he used his position to organize and launch work among students and intellectuals. After the establishment of the alliance, it decided to set up branches and branches in various places. In 1905, the Shanxi Branch of the alliance was formally established in Tokyo. Since Zhao Daiwen was one of the earliest alliance members in Shanxi, he naturally participated in the work. By the end of 1906, Yang Peilin, Li Songshan, Zhang Shuzhi, who later became the backbone of the revolution, had been introduced to the association. In 1909, the Shanxi Branch of the League strengthened its power in the province. This is mainly due to the return of a group of military talents such as Yan Xishan. As time goes by, the calendar turns to 1911-1911. On October 10, the Wuchang Uprising broke out. At the moment when the revolution is on the verge of breaking out, the justification of Shanxi is also imminent. At this time, Zhao Daiwen and Yan Xishan had achieved a pivotal position in the civil and military fronts respectively. Zhao Daiwen was the head of the Zhai Affairs Department of Jinyang middle school. He not only had "peaches and plums" in his garden, but also had a group of League members who were introduced to the organization in person. Yan Xishan, as the 86th standard of Shanxi new army, was the highest ranking member of the Shanxi League. Before Juyi, the two men discussed with each other secretly for many times and exchanged opinions. They were quite in agreement. Due to the rapid changes of the situation, the revolutionaries of Shanxi took Juyi in advance and recovered Taiyuan on October 29, 1911. As a scholar, Zhao Daiwen realized the necessity of revolution from the pain of corruption in the Qing Dynasty, and resolutely joined the alliance. For several years, he participated in the development of members and planned actions. Although he did not raise his arms and shout, he could not jump the horse and fight in front of the battle, but his contribution to the alliance is indispensable.

Abandoning pen and engaging in politics

One night's storm, Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province, everything changed. The Dragon flag was replaced by the Dragon flag

Bagua Taiji banner

The majestic governor's Yamen disappeared its former master (governor Lu Zhongqi was shot dead by the rebels), and the streets were full of soldiers wearing the symbol of the rebel army. In the end, Dai Wen's political transformation from a scholar in the coup to a scholar in history was completed. On October 29, 1911, the day of the restoration of Taiyuan, Yan Xishan, 28 years old, became the governor of Shanxi by virtue of his strength cultivated in the two years after his return to the country, his status as a unified standard, and his role and influence in the uprising. After Yan Xishan took office as governor, he immediately ordered the establishment of Shanxi military government, and decided to expand the force first, recover the whole province, and prevent blocking the Qing army

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Dai Wen