Han an di

Liu Hu

Liu Hu (April 30, 1994-125), the grandson of emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, the son of Liu Qing, the filial king of Qinghe, and his mother Zuo xiao'e, was the sixth emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

When Han an emperor ascended the throne, the Eastern Han Dynasty court suffered from internal and external troubles. The first is the Hexi emergency report. The countries in the western regions were dissatisfied with the harsh administration of Ren Shang, who served as the governor of the western regions after ban Chao left office, and rebelled against the Han people one after another. Then there was the Qiang uprising. The war lasted for 11 years and cost a lot, which greatly damaged the vitality of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In the fourth year of Yanguang (125), Emperor Han'an went south to Wancheng, got sick and returned to Beijing. In March, he died in a car on his way back to Beijing, 32 years old. He was buried in Gongling, and was named emperor Xiaoan.

Life experience

Youth ascends the throne

In 1994, Liu Hu was born in Ganling County of Qinghe state (now Linqing, Shandong).

In the first year of Yanping (106), Han Shang emperor unfortunately died early. Empress Dowager Deng conspired with her brother, general Deng, and decided to welcome Liu Hu, the son of Liu Qing, king of filial piety in Qinghe. Deng went to discuss with the officials, such as Zhang Yu, situ Xufang, and so on. With their consent, she called Liu Hu to the palace on the Empress Dowager's day. Liu hugang turned 13 years old and was Emperor Han'an. In the second year, the year number was changed to "Yongchu".

In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (115), Yan Ji was made queen.

In the first year of Yongning (120th year), Liu Bao was made the crown prince.

The Empress Dowager is in power

At this time, although Liu Hu was the emperor, the actual administrative power was still in the hands of Empress Dowager Deng and Deng. The Empress Dowager Deng relied on the eunuch Cai Lun. When the court officials saw that the government was controlled by their relatives and eunuchs, they gathered a group of bureaucrats who were equally dissatisfied with it and prepared to launch a coup to kill Deng Gu, Zheng Zhong and Cai Lun, depose the Empress Dowager and Emperor Han'an, and set up another plain King Liu Sheng as emperor. When the news leaked, Empress Dowager Deng took the initiative to suppress the rebellion.

In the first year of Yongning (120th year), Emperor Han'an was 26 years old. Du gen, a doctor, played the role of empress dowager, saying that emperor Han'an was an adult and should handle government affairs independently. Empress Dowager Deng was so angry that she ordered Dugan to cover his face with a cloth bag, kill him with a stick, and then throw his body outside the city. Deng Kang, the younger brother of the Empress Dowager and the captain of Yueqi school, also advised her to retire to Shengong and stop interfering in political affairs. Empress Dowager Deng is still adamant. When Deng Kang saw that the Empress Dowager did not accept remonstrance, he said that he was ill and did not face the court. In a rage, Empress Dowager Deng removed Deng Kang from office and expelled him from her family.

However, among several powerful relatives groups in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Deng's performance was better. Empress Dowager Deng rewarded the officials concerned, including Deng Chu, for her contribution to Emperor Li'an's decision-making. The Deng brothers were so reluctant that they hid when the messengers came, so they had to give up. At ordinary times, the Deng brothers are cautious, law-abiding and diligent. This of course has something to do with empress dowager Deng's strict demands on her family. But even so, it can not eliminate the sharp contradiction between the imperial power and the influence of relatives.

Eunuch in charge

In the first year of Jianguang (121), Empress Dowager Deng died and Emperor Han'an was in charge. On the 5th of March, his father Liu Qing, king of filial piety in Qinghe, was honored as emperor of filial piety, his mother Zuo Xiaoe as empress of filial piety, and his grandmother song Guiren as empress of Jingyin. At this time, a eunuch group headed by Wang Sheng, the lactating mother, Li Yun, and Jiang Jing was formed around Han an emperor. Emperor Han an was dissatisfied with the status of Empress Dowager Deng for a long time. The death of Empress Dowager Deng was no different from a political liberation for him. Not long ago, Deng Honglu, the Empress Dowager of the Han Dynasty, was falsely accused of plotting against the Empress Dowager. This false accusation hit the heart of emperor Han'an, and Deng and others were sentenced to death for treason. Without knowing it, Deng was dismissed and returned to the county, and was forced to die by county officials. Because Deng was innocent and killed, the ministers were not satisfied. The chief minister, Zhu Chong, and others spoke out for him. In order to appease the resentment of the officials, Emperor Han'an falsely condemned the state officials and ordered Deng to be buried properly.

In the struggle between the relatives and the eunuch, the eunuch group gained power again. Emperor Han an granted Jiangjing the Marquis of Duxiang and Liyun the Marquis of Yongxiang. Wang Sheng, the nursing mother of Han'an emperor, and his daughter, Bo Rong, were even more favored. They lived in luxury, embezzled and accepted bribes, went in and out of the court at random, interfered in political affairs, and committed all kinds of crimes. Bo Rong once went to the Han Gan mausoleum. Along the way, he was welcomed and escorted by county officials. Some sheriffs and princes even kowtow to Bo Rong's car.

During this period, the contradiction between bureaucratic groups and eunuchs became increasingly acute. The court officials represented by Yang Zhen repeatedly asked Han an emperor to restrain and punish the domineering eunuchs, but Han an emperor always ignored them. The eunuchs who were exposed took the opportunity to make a false accusation, and Yang Zhen was finally forced to commit suicide.

Contending for the throne in the harem

At the time of internal and external troubles, the Imperial Palace began a desperate struggle for the right of succession to the throne. Empress Yan of Han'an emperor was infertile for many years. In the first year of Yongning (120th year), Liu Bao, the son of Li, a palace official of Han'an emperor, was the crown prince. Li had been poisoned by Queen Yan before. Empress Yan was afraid that the prince would pursue the Revenge of killing his mother after he ascended the throne, so she planned to get rid of Liu Bao. In collusion with eunuchs such as fan Feng, Queen Yan first condemned the crown prince's mother Wang Nan and kitchen supervisor Bing Ji to death, removed the crown prince's wings, and then slandered emperor Han'an, saying that Liu Bao's behavior was too evil to be a crown prince. Emperor Han'an doted on empress Yan, so he had the heart to abolish. The abolition of the crown prince should be discussed by the ministers. Geng Bao, the great general, insisted on deposing Liu Bao according to the will of Queen Yan. Taichang Huanyan and Tingwei Zhang Hao retorted: "I'm not over 15 years old, and I'm not good enough to live. I hope your majesty can choose a master with high morality for the prince, and guide him with propriety and righteousness, so that he will behave well." However, Emperor Han an did not realize it, so he deposed Liu Bao and made him king of Jiyin.

domestic trouble and foreign invasion

In the second year of Yanguang (123), the news spread to the west, and the northern Xiongnu and Cheshi joined forces to attack the four counties in Hexi. The ministers all advocated abandoning the western regions and returning to Yumen pass. Only Zhang Dang, the prefect of Dunhuang, who came back from the frontier to report the situation in the capital, could resist the public opinion. Chen Zhong, the ting Wei, also believed that the western regions belonged to the Han Dynasty for a long time. If he gave up easily, he would lose his heart. It would be better to set up a school Wei in Dunhuang and increase the troops of the four counties in Hexi to resist the invasion of Xiongnu. Emperor Han an adopted Zhang Dang's and Chen Zhong's opinions, and appointed ban Yong, the son of ban Chao, as the chief historian of the western regions, leading 500 soldiers out of Liuzhong city. After arriving in the western regions, ban Yong relied on the military support of the four Hexi prefectures and the western regions' vassal states to repel the Xiongnu and subdue the Cheshi, which made the traffic between the Central Plains and the western regions smooth again.

At the same time, there are many disasters in the border areas, and people's hearts are floating. In the year of Emperor Han an's accession to the throne, 18 prefectures had earthquakes, 41 prefectures had floods, and 28 prefectures were hit by storms and hail. In the third year of Yanguang (124), there was an earthquake in the capital and 23 counties, 36 counties were flooded, and the people were suffering.

South tour dies

In the fourth year of Yanguang (125th year), Emperor Han'an, together with empress Yan and his noble relatives, went south to visit Wancheng. In March, he made an application and arrived at Wancheng. He suddenly fell ill. His body was cold and hot, and he was very sick. He had to order him to return to Beijing. In March, he arrived at Daye county (now in the south of Yexian County, Henan Province), which was in a state of dying. He wanted to tell the queen what to do. He couldn't speak any more. He could only open his eyes and stare at the queen. He slowly died in the car. He was 32 years old. The queen did not dare to announce the news of the death of emperor an. She ate and asked about her daily life as usual. He returned to the palace on the afternoon of Geng. Xin Wei was mourning at night. He was buried in Gongling mausoleum at that time. His temple name is gongzong, and his posthumous title is emperor Xiaoan.

In the first year of Chuping (190), there was a request from the Secretary for music. Emperor Hanhe, Emperor Han'an, Emperor hanshun and Emperor hanhuan had no merits and virtues, so they should not be called Zong. Empress gonghuai, empress Jingyin and empress Gongmin were not zhengdi. If they were not called together, please remove their honorific titles. The edict of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty said, "yes.".

Historical records

The fifth chapter of emperor Xiaoan

Historical evaluation

Fan Ye's book of the later Han Dynasty: 1) although xiao'an is called "respecting and enjoying the emperor's power, the power belongs to Deng's family, which is to the detriment of his food and clothing, and to the denial of political principles. However, since the room curtain, the power is not far away, and then the root system is lost and the tomb is open. Then he returned to the government, and the immigrants fled. He blamed Taiheng to answer the question. It is said that she is a wise woman, but she is also "the only one at home." (2) if virtue does not ascend, I will be barren. It's the first time that we're going to get rid of the evil beetles. Feng Shi chenghuan, Yang gongfeng angry. That day, however, was very small, so the road to heaven came

Family members

Film and television image

It appeared in the TV series romance of the Three Kingdoms in 1994.

2007 film "Han Tai Wei Yang Zhen": ye Zuxin as Liu Hu

Chinese PinYin : Han An Di