Lu Shen

Lu Shen

Lu Shen (1477-1544) was a writer and calligrapher of Ming Dynasty. At the beginning, it was named Rong, Ziyuan, Yanshan, and was born in Shanghai county (now Pudong New Area of Shanghai) of Songjiang Prefecture in South Zhili. In the 18th year of Hongzhi, he became a Jinshi and was awarded the Imperial Academy editor. By Liu Jin bogey, change Nanjing principal, Jin Zhu, reinstated, tired official Sichuan left Buzheng. In Jiajing period, the official went to Zhan Shi's office and Zhan Shi's office. Death, gift department right Shilang, posthumous Wenyu. Lu Shen's calligraphy is powerful and skillful. His works are very rich and unique among the people of Shanghai in Ming Dynasty. Lujiazui area in Pudong New Area of Shanghai is also named for its former residence and ancestral tombs.

brief account of the author's life

Lu Shen was born in 1477, the 13th year of Chenghua, Emperor Xianzong of Ming Dynasty, and died in 1544, the 23rd year of Jiajing, Emperor Shizong. The ancestors lived in Huating County, Songjiang Prefecture, nanzhili (now Songjiang District, Shanghai). In the early Ming Dynasty, the great grandfather Deheng joined Zhang's family in Yangjing, Pudong, Shanghai. This is the beginning of Lu's settlement in Pudong. At the age of five or six, Lu Shen was able to distinguish the meaning of words and recite ancient poems. He had a long hole in the study of classics and history, and had a sharp literary thinking. Shao and Xu Zhenqing are well-known for their articles. He is also good at calligraphy and imitates the style of Li Yong and Zhao Mengfu.

In the 14th year of Hongzhi (1501), he won the first place in the rural examination of yingtianfu (now Nanjing), the ninth place in the later middle school examination, and the eighth place in the second grade of Jinshi in the 18th year of Hongzhi (1505). He was appointed editor, but was bogged down by Liu Jin. He was changed to Nanjing principal, and Jin Zhu was reinstated. In 1517, he was appointed by the emperor to be the same examiner. Shu Lao and Xia Yan were all the scholars of Lu Shen, and later became famous officials.

Lu Shen promoted himself to the Imperial College. Ding's father is worried about his return. If you are satisfied, you will not make up for it. The ministers of the central court recommended them one after another as officials of offering sacrifices to the emperor. Most of the speeches were originally made by the cabinet. At the end of a lecture, Lu Shen said to Shizong, "when I talk about the compilation of Zhangjing, I must have deep meaning. However, I thought that I would do my best in what I saw. One of the holy virtues has been renewed, and it has been widely accepted, and the trouble of blocking it has been forever solved. " His request was approved by Shizong. The original chapter was changed by Guihe. Guihe served as the Minister of rites and the Bachelor of wuyingdian. He was involved in the maintenance of the aircraft. He was cruel and good at repelling others. Lu Shen changed his chapter and was accused of being deceiving by Guihe. Lu Shen had to go up and apologize. Shizong commented: "it's the old rules to read the chapter, and there's no need to change it. If you have a view, you should have a different view. "So Lu Shen's notes on the sacred learning were written by the emperor. As a result, he was shunned by Guihe and relegated to Yanping Prefecture.

Later, he moved to Shanxi to be the Deputy envoy of tixue. In this post, he acted impartially, fighting unjust imprisonment for Liu boring Ping, a scholar in Yangqu county. Liu boring's father was whipped by the county magistrate and died in prison. Liu boring sued the censor, and Zhao boring obeyed the county magistrate's advice and pleaded against Liu boring. Lu Shen argued for Liu boring's injustice, but without any result, so he had to impeach Zhao boring. Zhao boring also impeached Lu Shen. Finally, we went to the science and Technology Commission to investigate and find out the truth. Soon after, Lu SHENBU, deputy envoy of Zhejiang Province, was still in charge of Neo Confucianism. After the Sichuan left cloth politics. Jiajing 16 years (1537), change too often Qing, and Shi read bachelor. When Shizong visited the south, he ordered Lu Shen's entourage to seal in the Imperial Academy. Shizong personally deleted the word "Shi Du" and entered Zhan Shi.

In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), he resigned and went back to his hometown on the East Bank of Pujiang River, where he built "Houyue hall", "Chenghuai Pavilion", "xiaocanglang" and "Yanshan jingshe" in his former residence "Houyuan". The area of "huayuanshiqiao" in Lujiazui, Pudong today is its site. The right servant of the gift department, posthumous Wenyu, was buried on the East Bank of the Pujiang River (now between Lane 56 and lane 162 of Haixing Road). Today Lujiazui in Pudong is named after his former residence and ancestral tombs. His tomb was destroyed in 1970 in Lujiazui, Pudong due to the excavation of the civil air defense project. Lu Shen's corpse was sent to the crematorium for cremation. 160 pieces of gold, copper, jade and other cultural relic ornaments were unearthed and preserved by Shanghai Museum.

Lu Shen's own epitaph was written by Xia Yan, a student of Lu Shen and the head of Jiajing cabinet. The epitaph of Lu Shen's wife, Mei Shuren, was written by Xu Jie, a cabinet assistant in the late Jiajing and early Longqing dynasties.

member of family

Great ancestor: Lu Deheng

Grandfather: Lu Yu

Father: Lu Ping

Aunt: Lu Sulan

Mother: Qu, Ji Wu

Wife: Mei, Feng sanpinshu

Son: Lu Ji, an economic thinker and litterateur in Ming Dynasty, is the author of jianjiatang manuscript.

Daughter: Lu, married to Qu Shizhao, an official in Sizhou

Personal achievement

Calligraphy

Lu Shen's calligraphy is powerful and skillful. When he was young, he wrote small regular script very carefully, which has the meaning of Huangting Scripture. After learning from Li Yong and Zhao Mengfu, he said to himself, "I studied with Wu Xing in Beihai, and the people in the sea thought that I took the method from Zhao." His real cursive running script is like a silver hook in iron painting, which is the crown of CI ministers. I'm very serious in writing books for people. Every book usually needs more than ten pieces of paper. Xia Yan, a famous statesman in Ming Dynasty, once said that "Wenyu's calligraphy is more wonderful than that of Zhong, Wang and Zhao Xuesong." Mo ruzhong said: "it's just like Zhao Songxue, the first calligrapher in the mountain, and Li Beihai in the Late Jin Dynasty. The style of the two Jin Dynasties is immortal."

The representative work "ruimaifu" has two volumes, about 3 meters long and more than 350 lines. The first volume starts from the three word title of "ruimaifu" and ends with "the servant who is frozen is like dry", with 145 lines in total. The second volume starts from "the emperor's Nanfu" and ends with 213 lines in total. It is now in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Writing

After Lu Shen became an official, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty still missed him very much. One day, Emperor Shizong asked his courtier Zhai Luan, "which is better, Lu Shen or Zhang Bangqi?" Zhai Luan replied, "Lu Yuan passed Zhang.". In the synopsis of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu, Lu Shen was highly appraised: "today, although we look at his collection, it is rich in chapters, but it is mostly based on knowledge, close to the times, rather than just fighting and boasting. When Zhengjia was in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the School of seven sons prevailed, and only took peace and elegance as its religion, so it was determined not to lose its pace. It can also be said that there were some defenders." General catalogue is also called "the most attentive historiography". Lu Shen Liu Zhiji, the essence of Liu Zhiji's "Shi Tong", is divided into three parts, namely, the seventeen chapters of the historiography of Ming Dynasty. There is a special article in the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu. Lu Shen recorded his daily income in the Imperial Academy, which became three volumes of random writing in the jade hall, and examined the historical allusions in detail. It is recorded that Yang Shiqi's son Ji offended because of Chen Xun, which is unknown in the history of Ming Dynasty.

In Zhuan Yi Lu, Lu Shen, aiming at the disadvantages of Zong Lu in Ming Dynasty, describes the system of Enshu and other killing in Ming Dynasty, which is an indispensable and important document for the study of Zong Shi system in the middle of Ming Dynasty. In addition, in Lu Shen's miscellaneous notes and diaries, there are brilliant views on the gain and loss of Ming Dynasty's historical events and the actual situation at that time. For example, in the diary of huaifeng, it is more complete than in the history of Ming Dynasty. For 40 years, Lu Shen ordered his son to read it and collect it. He said: scholars and gentlemen use the world, not both modern and ancient, how to speak of economy. He also said that scholars of today's world do not pay attention to contemporary accidents. When they ask about the laws and regulations of the imperial court and the evolution of the economic system of a generation, they feel as if they have been separated from each other. For this kind of person, Lu Shen said: "if you are talented enough to be popular, you may be afraid that you will be hindered by all kinds of actions. It's no wonder that those who are suitable for knowledge are vulgar." He also said: "scholars, noble people and rich people should understand the present. It's useless to learn from the past without understanding the present; it's useless to learn from the present without understanding the past. " Because Lu Shen's articles can be applied to the world, many of them are included in the Ming Dynasty classics edited by Chen Zilong. Both Sikuquanshu and mingjingshiwenbian highly praised Lu Shen's academic achievements from different angles. In Wu Lvzhen's Wurong Zhiyi, Lu Shen was mentioned with Tao Zongyi of Yuan Dynasty. He said: "my hometown wrote the records of stopping farming and Shuo Ying from Taonan village. After that, Lu Jijiu was the most popular wine in Yanshan." Lu Shen's own paper said: "although the article is a small skill, it needs the spirit of the world, the style of writing, and the breadth of mind. What's the name of the writer?"

library

Lu Shen is also a famous book collector in history. Lu Shen likes to collect books and has a lot of savings. He has compiled the catalogue of Jiangdong collection. Its preface says: the Yu family likes to store books, but they don't like to see scraps. Zhuang tour of the two capitals, more often carrying books, but limited to the force, can not lift the group also. If you ask someone who doesn't sell a copy of it, you'll get it cheap. Therefore, most of the remaining books are broken. Few of them are mending their own hands, but many of them are lucky to be finished in the future. He Liangjun, Lu Shen's good friend, said in his "four friends Zhai Cong Shuo": there are tens of thousands of books in Lu Shen's collection. It has been three generations since Lu Shen collected books from his grandfather.

Lu Shen's grandfather was called Lu Qiang. According to a short history of Lu Qiang, "he is good at reading and antiques. When he sees calligraphy and famous paintings, he will buy them at a high price." Lu Shen's father, Lu Ping, also likes to read and buy books. Lu Shen's library is called "jiangdongshan building", which is built on the earth ridge in Lu's back garden. Lu Shen's collection of books serves his academic pursuit. His extensive academic research is inseparable from his collection of books. The Jiangdong Tibetan bibliography compiled by him is different from the general bibliography. It is not arranged according to the four parts of the classics and history subset, but according to the convenience and practicality. As he said, "when reading ancient books, you must work from your own bow, not like a dwarf watching the scene, drinking with the crowd." Lu Shen's collection of books is divided into 13 categories, with ZHENGJING as the first, rationality as the second, Zhengshi as the third, non classic and non historical ancient books as the fourth, Zhuzi as the fifth, Wenji as the sixth, Shiji as the seventh, Leishu as the eighth, zashi as the ninth, Shanjing dizhi as the tenth, Yunshu as the eleventh, primary school medicine as the tenth and Fangshu as the thirteenth.

When he was middle-aged, he traveled to the city. He often saw a book collection home, so he collected many books and returned home. However, limited by his financial resources, he could not buy more fine books. If there were incomplete books, he could buy them at a low price. The bibliography collected by Lu Wenyu has been lost. He also wrote a bibliography of Jiangdong collection. Preface to Jiangdong Tibetan bibliography

Chinese PinYin : Lu Shen