Zeng zhaolun

Zeng zhaolun

Zeng zhaolun (May 25, 1899 - December 8, 1967), male, Shu Wei, chemist, educator and social activist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zeng zhaolun graduated from Tsinghua University in 1920 and studied chemical engineering and chemistry at MIT. He received his PhD in science from MIT in 1926 and returned to China in the same year. He has successively served as professor of Chemistry Department of Central University, director of Chemical Engineering Department, professor and director of Chemistry Department of Peking University, and professor of Chemistry Department of southwest United University. He was elected academician of Academia Sinica in 1948. Since 1949, he has successively held the posts of provost and director of Department of chemistry of Peking University, Vice Minister of Ministry of education and Ministry of higher education, vice chairman of all China Federation of Natural Science Societies, director of Institute of chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and professor of Department of chemistry of Wuhan University. He died in Wuhan, Hubei Province on December 8, 1967.

In memory of Professor Zeng zhaolun, Wuhan University decided to set up Zeng zhaolun scholarship in 1985 to reward postgraduates with outstanding achievements.

Life of the characters

Early experience

On May 25, 1899, Zeng zhaolun was born in a scholarly family in Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province. His father Zeng guangzuo was a Juren in the former Qing Dynasty, his mother Chen Jiying was born in a famous family, with 13 brothers and sisters, and Zeng zhaolun ranked second.

In 1912, Zeng zhaolun was admitted to Changsha Yali middle school. In 1915, he was admitted to Tsinghua preparatory school for studying in the United States for eight years. Because of his excellent performance, he was enrolled in the fourth grade.

In 1920, Zeng zhaolun graduated and went to study in the United States. He studied chemical engineering at MIT and completed four years of courses in three years. After that, Zeng zhaolun turned to chemistry.

In 1926, he completed his doctoral dissertation "the application of selective derivatives in the identification of alcohols, phenols, amines and mercaptans", and obtained his doctorate of science.

A survey of Yi Nationality

Mr. Zeng zhaolun went on foot

Liangshan

Investigation of Yi area (Yi area)

During the hard years of the Anti Japanese War, I lived with Mr. Zeng zhaolun on the second floor of No. 7 jingjietang lane, qianju street, daximen, Kunming for a few years. In addition to listening to his lectures in the classroom, I learned a lot from the contact of the living floor sooner or later.

Over the past half century, domestic newspapers, periodicals and professional journals have reported on Zeng Shi's participation in the democratic struggle and academic achievements. However, when he was teaching in southwest United University during the war of resistance against Japan, he took great risks to open the closed forbidden area and explore the arduous journey of Daliang Mountain in Sichuan on foot.

On July 1, 1941, the "Chuankang scientific expedition" led by Professor Zeng zhaolun of Chemistry Department of southwest United University set out on time. The day before yesterday, the news of departure was published in Yunnan daily.

At present, in the southwest edge of Sichuan Province (formerly under the jurisdiction of Xikang and Sichuan provinces), between 28-29 N and 102-104 e, there is a mysterious area stretching for hundreds of miles, namely Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, which is commonly known as "independent Lolos" by foreigners. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Xikang province was abolished. This area belongs to Sichuan Province, which is now part of Panzhihua City, Ya'an area and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Taking Xichang as the starting point, the survey area traverses the line of huangmaoyin, the peak of Daliang Mountain, from Zhaojue and Meigu to Leibo in the East. The accumulated mileage is about 506 Li. Huali and Daliang Mountain, as the afterwave of Gongga Mountain, extend eastward from the branch of Xiaoxiangling mountain. The average altitude of this area is more than 2000 meters, and the main peak of huangmaoyin is 3961 meters.

It is estimated that there are 10 Yi compatriots in the area who live in hardship, isolated from the outside world for generations, lack of salt, have no industry, and agriculture is relatively backward. There is a blank on the map published at that time, which shows that the Han people are not aware of the internal situation.

Foreign explorers have been to Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai to plunder resources or explore, but never to Daliang Mountain Yi area. Mr. Zeng zhaolun led our young college students across Daliang Mountain on foot, which is a pioneering work and fills the history of walking to Daliang Mountain.

During the preparation of the delegation, we agreed on Several Provisions: (1) Zeng Shi was elected as the head of the delegation. Because he is one of the founders and the only teacher. He is knowledgeable and knowledgeable. He once led the students of Changsha temporary university to Kunming to establish southwest United University on foot for more than 3000 miles in Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces; (2) he decided the way of action, walked the whole process, and carried the luggage by the caravan; (3) the expenses of the delegation were raised by the members themselves, and did not depend on the sponsorship of the school or the society. After arriving in Xichang, the economic construction and Design Committee of xikangning entrusted us to investigate the mineral resources in the Yi area, and got paid subsidies to obtain part of the funding for our investigation group; (4) due to the persecution of ethnic minorities by the Han chauvinism in the past dynasties, the intrepid Yi compatriots wanted to retaliate. In order to show friendship with ethnic minorities and reduce their appearance, they agreed not to carry any lethal defense weapons.

In the first stage, we walked from Kunming to Xichang. In nearly half a month of adaptability training, we set up the confidence to overcome difficulties ideologically. From Kunming to the north along the Nujiang River, the hereditary chieftain or prince gave us a formal reception, which guaranteed our life and safety. After crossing the Nujiang River, we arrived at Xichang by Huili, Yimen and Dechang along the Anning River. The climate was warm and humid along the way, and the products were rich. At the turn of summer and autumn, the water rice and rape bloomed, and the scene of flourishing and bumper harvest injected a sense of victory into our walking investigation I have confidence in you.

After living in Xichang City for 11 days, it rained every day, which brought difficulties to the preparation work. I also wanted to walk around and learn more about the safety and traffic situation in the Yi area, so as to comprehensively plan the safe operation. From the official or private answers, there are well intentioned admonitions: "safety is not guaranteed, it is suggested to detour.".

The Manchu Qing Dynasty always adopted the high-pressure policy of suppressing the border and appeasing the minorities at that time, and stationing troops around, isolating and preventing blocking. In 1919 (the eighth year of the Republic of China), there was a large-scale riot. As a result, the hatred between the Han and the Yi people accumulated over time and ended. When the Yi people saw that the Han people wanted to retaliate, they took the Han people captive as "Wazi" (i.e. slaves). In the areas where the Yi and the Han people combined, there were sometimes reports of the disappearance of the Han people. This time, we went deep into the Yi area. Without prior consultation between senior officials of both sides, the delegation did not have sufficient means of self-defense, and there was no guarantee of life and safety. It was well intentioned and normal for the local people to advise us to take a detour.

As one door closes, another door opens. For a long time, businessmen of Han nationality have been doing business in the Yi area. They often use the method of paid protection and escort to ensure the life and safe passage of the local Black Yi people. The Yi people of each branch in the Yi area are independent of each other. Some of them are close relatives, some of them are enemies, and some of them are in a small area. It takes a lot of energy to get in touch, but they also find a preliminary guarantee for safe transit Evidence.

The paper currency (R.O.C. legal currency or Dian Piao) and other coins in the area cannot be used. A few pieces of silver can be used sometimes, and barter is the main way of trading.

Their own luggage is very simple: wear shoes, straw sandals, hat and suitable for summer bedding. Also bring medicine, compass, thermometer, camera. Unable to borrow the altimeter, he had to make a mercury barometer, which was more than one meter high. He took turns walking with his hands and broke it in a few days.

The most important things Yi people need are salt (table salt) and cloth. After the nationalization of silver was promulgated in old China, the sale of silver dollars was prohibited, so we had to take salt and cloth as bargaining chips. This adds a lot of luggage, with a total of 50 pieces of cloth (9 inches wide, 26 square long, one diagonal) dyed into Maolan, which is popular among Yi people. The mineral salt comes from Zigong in Sichuan or baiyanjing in Yanyuan County. It is boiled in a local crucible. The finished product is funnel-shaped, about 30 kg per barrel. It carries 6 barrels of salt, about 173 kg per barrel. It also carries daily necessities such as sewing needles, cotton thread, small mirror, towel and soap to pay for the board and lodging of the delegation members along the way, the labor cost of carrying goods and the escort fee of the Black Yi people.

There are 10 members in the delegation, including Qiu Liqun, Chen Zehan, Zhong pinren, Dai Guangmao, Zhou Guangdi, Ma Xingyuan, Li Guobin, etc. most of them are students of chemistry department, but also students of Geology Department and biology department. Professor Zeng zhaolun is an organic chemistry major. He teaches the course of "Industrial Chemistry" in school and has a certain understanding of geology. He consulted the data of the investigation of the Yi area by the Chinese Academy of Western Sciences in August 1934, combined with the investigation and analysis, and from the actual environment, he initially came to the following concept: from the geological point of view, the Anning River along the Xichang River, from south to north, continued to inlay a granite layer in the hydraulic rock, and extended northward to the Dadu River with Xichang as the center. To the south, it almost reaches the edge of Jinsha River through Huili, and to the west of Huili City, the granite is the most widely distributed. Ning is a valuable deposit. Most of it is in these places where there are granite intrusions, especially where the igneous rocks contact with the hydrothermal rocks, and becomes a metallic dike.

Professor Zeng zhaolun has foreseen that there are abundant underground resources in this area and suggested the state to exploit them. Meanwhile, he inquired local people and recorded extremely valuable special metal deposits. There may be cobalt and nickel deposits near XIAOGUANHE in Huili County. Manganese iron ore was found in Jianshan and chromium bearing iron ore was found in panyunjie in Huili County.

In the Yi area, we follow the

Chinese PinYin : Ceng Zhao Lun