Zhu Yujian

Zhu Yujian

Zhu Yujian (from May 25, 1602 to October 6, 1646), male, Han nationality, with long life in small characters, was born in Nanyang County, Nanyang Prefecture, Henan Province (now Nanyang City, Henan Province). He was the ninth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, the eighth grandson of Zhu Xun, King Ding of the Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Zhu Shuo Xun, King Duan of the Tang Dynasty, the son of Zhu Qixuan, King Yu of the Tang Dynasty, and the second emperor of the Nanming Dynasty (from August 18, 1645 to October 6, 1646).

Wanli thirty years (1602), was born in the Tang Palace. After emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Beijing, the Ming imperial clan established Nanming in Jiangnan. In 1644, Emperor Zhu Yousong established the Hongguang regime. In the first year of Hongguang (1645), Emperor Hongguang was captured and died by the Qing army. Zheng Zhilong, Huang Daozhou and others helped Zhu Yujian to ascend the throne in Fuzhou and became emperor Longwu. Later generations called him emperor Longwu, also known as the king of the Tang Dynasty. In the same year, they made Longwu Tongbao coins. In 1646, the Qing army entered Fujian. Emperor Longwu was captured in Tingzhou and died on hunger strike. He was 44 years old.

In the 11th year of Yongli, the temple was named shaozong, and its posthumous title was changed to Emperor peitianzhi, daohongyi, sumusiwenlie, wuminren, guangxiaoxiang.

Emperor Longwu was one of the most successful emperors in the Nanming Dynasty. Unfortunately, his personal strength was not enough to change the whole situation.

(Note: because of the war and the age, the portrait of emperor Longwu has not been handed down. The portrait is attached by later generations.)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhu Yujian is a descendant of the 23rd son of emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, the king Ding of the Tang Dynasty. He was born on the fifth day of April in the thirtieth year of Wanli (May 25th, 1602) in the palace of the Tang Dynasty, and his mother's wife was Mao.

Zhu Shuo, the grandfather of Zhu Yujian, the old king of the Tang Dynasty, was confused with his concubine. He always cherished his son and hated Zhu's father. So he secretly imprisoned Zhu Yujian and his son in Chengfeng department, hoping to starve them to death. At that time, Zhu Yujian was only 12 years old. Fortunately, Zhang Shutang, a small official, helped deliver some brown rice. In the cell, Zhu Yujian and his son lived for 16 years. Living in a cage, Zhu Yujian devoted herself to studying Confucian classics without wasting her time. Zhu Yujian's father was dying. When he was about to get out, he was poisoned in 1629 by his younger brother, who was eager to attack the throne of the Tang Dynasty. The old king of the Tang Dynasty planned to appoint his concubine's son as his son, and also wanted to cancel Zhu Yujian's status as his son. As a result, when Chen Qiyu, a local official, expressed his condolence to Tang Shizi, he warned the old Tang King that if the cause of his death was unknown and he rashly changed the hereditary candidate, the imperial court might blame him in the future. The old king of Tang Dynasty was afraid of being investigated by Japan and France, so he quickly established Zhu Yujian as his "world grandson". The same old king of Tang also died.

In 1632 (the fifth year of Chongzhen), Zhu Yujian became the king of the Tang Dynasty and granted Nanyang a feudal land. Emperor Chongzhen gave him some books, such as Huangming Zuxun, Daming Huidian, five classics and four books, twenty-one history, Tongjian compendium, Zhongxiao Jing, etc. Zhu Yujian set up the Gaoming building in the palace and invited famous people from all over the world.

Serve the king

At this time, Zhu Yu was very sharp, and had many conflicts with Chongzhen's court officials on the issue of changing the imperial clan, which offended many ministers. To avenge his father's poisoning, he killed his two uncles Zhu Qilong (dead) and Zhu Qilong (not dead) on the first day of July in 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen). In August of that year, ajig, the king of the Qing Dynasty, led his troops to attack beizhili and other places. The Qing soldiers entered Baodi, serink, and made a direct drive to Beijing. The capital was under martial law. Zhu Yujian was so eager that he asked the king of Qin to go to the north of Nanyang. Emperor Chongzhen did not allow him to do so. He ignored the national rule of "the king of fan does not take charge of the army" and recruited soldiers and horses. When he arrived in Yuzhou, Yang Shengwu, the governor, played a role. Emperor Chongzhen ordered him to return. After that, Zhu Yujian did not meet the Qing army, but fought with the peasant army in the middle of the journey, winning and losing each other. He returned to Nanyang in his class. The Ming Dynasty was very strict against vassal kings. According to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, the vassal kings could enjoy themselves in the Royal Palace, but they could not leave the vassal families. Even though Zhu Yujian's motive was pure, he still made the emperor Chongzhen angry. In November, he decided to abolish him as a commoner and sent the royal guards to put the Tang King in Fengyang Royal prison. Emperor Chongzhen renamed his younger brother Zhu Yumin king of the Tang Dynasty.

During the period of Zhu Yujian's high wall ban, Fengyang's eunuch could not ask for bribes. He was tortured by the method of Dunsuo, and Zhu Yujian was almost ill. After seven years, I was able to save my life. In 1643 (the 16th year of Chongzhen), Lu Zhenfei, the governor of Fengyang in the Ming Dynasty, went to the prison to visit Zhu Yujian. At that time, Zhu Yujian had already lost a lot of his spirit. When Lu Zhenfei was polite, he made the latter feel very good for him, and sent someone to take special care of the Tang King. Later, Lu Zhen flew to Emperor Chongzhen to investigate the abuse of the imperial clan by the high wall officials. Please give the imperial clan a gift. The imperial edict was issued to kill and bully the mausoleum of the king of Tang.

South to Fujian

In 1644 (the 17th year of Chongzhen), Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Beijing. Nanjing took Zhu Yousong, the prince of fortune who escaped from Luoyang, as emperor. He ascended the throne in Nanjing, changed his name to Hongguang, and implemented amnesty. At the invitation of Liu Liangzuo, uncle Guangchang, Zhu Yujian, who was imprisoned in Fengyang, was also released and granted the title of Nanyang king. The Ministry of rites in Nanjing asked for the restoration of the old Marquis of the Tang Dynasty. Zhu Yousong refused, and ordered Zhu Yujian to move to pingyuefu (now South Guilin), Guangxi. However, Zhu Yujian was poor and could not go on more.

In May 1645 (the second year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty and the first year of Hongguang of the Southern Ming Dynasty), Zhu Yujian was on his way to Pingle. When he heard that the Qing army had broken Nanjing and the Hongguang Dynasty was destroyed in Suzhou, he took refuge in Jiaxing. In June, when Zhu Yujian came to Hangzhou, he met Zhu Changfei, the king of Lu, and asked him to supervise the country, but he did not listen to him. At that time, Zheng Hongkui, commander in chief of Zhenjiang, and Su Guansheng, a doctor of the Ministry of household affairs, went to Hangzhou to talk about the national calamity with Zhu Yujian and wept. Later, Zhu Yujian was escorted to Fujian by Zheng Hongkui. At last, Zhu Changfei was recommended by the public to be called "Jianguo" (acting emperor) in Hangzhou. When the Qing army was killed, Zhu Changfei, who had been pinned on high hopes, and his subordinates did not make any resistance and surrendered to the Qing army. On the way, in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, it was heard that King Chang Fei of Delu had already descended to the Qing Dynasty in Hangzhou, so Zheng Zhilong, the governor of Nan'an, Zhang KENTANG, the censor of the governor, discussed with Huang Daozhou, the Minister of rites, to offer Zhu Yujian as the governor.

On June 15, 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty and the first year of Hongguang reign of the Southern Ming Dynasty), Huang Daozhou asked Zhu Yujian to supervise Guoshu for the third time. On June 17, Zhu Yujian traveled to Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, and issued an oath during his inspection of the army, saying that he would personally bring the Sixth Division back to the Central Plains. It shows that he has publicly accepted the important task of supervising the state.

King in the world

On June 28, 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty and the first year of Hongguang reign of the Southern Ming Dynasty), Zhu Yujian was called the governor in Jianning, Fujian Province. In June, Dinghai (the seventh day of the Lunar New Year) arrived in Fuzhou, with nananbofu as the palace. Twenty days later, Zhu Yujian officially proclaimed himself Emperor in Fuzhou and changed his name to yuan

Longwu

It was announced that the hongguangnian number would be changed to the first year of Longwu from early July. Change Fujian Chief Secretary to Fujing, change Fuzhou Xingzai to Tianxing mansion, change chief secretary to Xingdian, and build bank in Taimiao, sheji and Tang zongmiao. Zheng Zhilong was promoted to be Marquis of Pinglu, Zheng Hongkui to be Marquis of Dinglu, Zheng Zhibao to be Marquis of Chengji and Zheng CAI to be Marquis of Yongsheng. Huang Daozhou was the Minister of the Ministry of Li and the Bachelor of wuyingdian, Jiang Dejing was the Minister of the Ministry of Hu and the Bachelor of wenyuange, Zhu jizuo was the Minister of Li and the Bachelor of Dongge, Zeng Ying was the Minister of work and the Bachelor of Dongge, Huang Mingjun, Li Guangchun and Su Guansheng were the ministers of Li and Bing and the Bachelor of Dongge.

After emperor Longwu ascended the throne, he became the fourth emperor of great grandfather Gao. Zhu Yuwen, Emperor Jing of Tang Dynasty, was Emperor Hui. Zhu Zhoulu, Emperor Shun of Tang Dynasty, was Emperor Shun. Zhu Shuo, Emperor Duan of Tang Dynasty, was Emperor Duan. His father, Emperor Yu of Tang Dynasty, was Emperor Xuan. All the four generations pursued the title of Queen. His younger brother Zhu yu'e was granted the title of king of Tang Dynasty and Nanning was granted the title of state; his younger brother Zhu yu'e was granted the title of King Deng; his younger brother Zhu yu'e was granted the title of King Chen, and his son Zhu Linfu was granted the title of King Chen. Emperor Hongguang was honored as emperor Sheng'an. In July of the first year of Longwu, the name of Huangji hall, Zhongji hall and Jianji hall was restored to Fengtian hall, Huagai hall and Jinshen hall, and the word "Xingzai" was added in front of each Yamen.

According to lunxu, the king of Guangxi, who was most qualified to inherit the throne, was too far away from Jiangnan at that time. Another reason why the Ming Dynasty officials pushed the Tang King Zhu Yujian was that his fiefdom was in Nanyang. This is the starting place of Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. All the officials regarded Zhu Yujian as the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. They wanted him to be the symbol of reviving the Ming Dynasty. They wanted him to be the "Guangwu emperor" of the Ming Dynasty and revive the Ming Dynasty.

On the day of the ceremony held by Emperor Longwu, when the wind and fog rose, he pulled out the wood and raised the sand. The mount of the official was frightened, and the jade seal fell and damaged a corner. All the people were shocked and thought that the omen was ominous. Nevertheless, Longwu Junchen was determined to recover.

Like a puppet

Although emperor Longwu was a wise leader, he was always elevated by the Zheng family group. The Zheng family, headed by Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Hongkui, Zheng Zhibao, and Zheng Ying, all came from the origin of big pirates. They have been rampant along the coasts of Fujian, Guangdong, and Zhejiang for decades, and they are both merchants and pirates. After they were recruited in the early years of Chongzhen, they were busy expanding their territory and enriching their private power.

The only loyal official of the Zheng family was Zheng Chenggong. Zheng Chenggong, formerly known as Zheng Sen, is the son of Zheng Zhilong and his Japanese wife. Zheng Zhilong once brought Zheng Chenggong to the palace. When Emperor Longwu saw Zheng Chenggong's great joy, he stroked his back with his hand and said, "I hate that there is no woman to be with Qing. In order to be loyal to our family, we should never forget each other." Zheng Sen was given the name of Chenggong, and was appointed as the commander of the Imperial Army and the commander of Yitong's son-in-law. At that time, he was called "the Lord of the state surname". Emperor Longwu's move also meant to win over the Zheng family.

The Zheng family was arrogant, sold officials, plundered the common people, and even surpassed Ma Shiying in Hongguang Dynasty. When they defeated Jiangnan, they still plundered so much that this kind of phenomenon happened at that time: "the victims wait for the Qing soldiers, and the rumor goes," the Qing soldiers are like crabs, how late they will come! "

One emperor and one king

It was caused by the Qing Dynasty's shaving order

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Yu Jian