Ma Changhai

Ma Changhai

Ma Changhai (1667-1744), a famous local poet in Jilin history, was born in the 16th year of Kangxi.

Although Changhai lived in the prosperous age of Kangxi and Qianlong, it was an era of turbid rule of law, corrupt officialdom and rampant literary inquisition. Facing this reality, the only way he could resist was to be a hermit. So he ran away from home and built a thatched cottage named "bo'an" in Leixi on the Bank of Yishui River, where he spent his hard life.

essential information

Ma Changhai (1667-1744), a famous local poet in Jilin history, was born in the 16th year of Kangxi.

Personal story

Although Changhai lived in the prosperous age of Kangxi and Qianlong, it was an era of turbid rule of law, corrupt officialdom and rampant literary inquisition. Facing this reality, the only way he could resist was to be a hermit. So he ran away from home and built a thatched cottage named "bo'an" in Leixi on the Bank of Yishui River, where he spent his hard life.

As a hermit, he must live in the mountains and forests. Nature is the first object of his singing, hoping to "live in the human world without the noise of cars and horses". This kind of image is expressed in the miscellaneous chants in the mountains: "the shadow of people scattered in the street, turning to feel the green mountains. There are many kinds of "mountain flowers" that can't be named, and chemical industry can set colors. The jade girl peak in front of the gate is the new leader of the end of the fragrant kingdom. I feel carefree and carefree, and my heart is clean and dew. Dry thin show the true, I see empty so. Eaves osmanthus hair autumn fragrance, fragrance in autumn to place As a hermit, he must love nature. He who loves nature must be a good man. Changhai is such a good man. He also heard his song "Jujube Flower": "the fragrance of the palace is blooming, the spring is weak, and the fragrance of the 24 flowers is not enough. When the seed of Xindu will come, big trees and small trees will open. " But Changhai's poetry is sublimated here. He not only writes about jujube flowers, but also about fruit. From the fruit, he thinks of the favor that jujube trees bring to the poor, because it is "easy to get ten liters of rice in a bucket". "Fangshan liujueju" is a kind of allegorical landscape poem: "e'e dafangshan, overlooking the forest for a while. Snow Ji number green peak, wind blowing dusk cold to "When you carry a green cloth bag, you can store the shadow of white clouds. Drunk pillow white clouds sleep, mountain wind blowing do not wake up "The setting sun lightens the distant sky, and the haze darkens the stone palace. When you come back from collecting herbs alone, the blue clouds spit out the first moon. " Yu Yongjing reveals his natural and elegant Taoist thoughts.

But Ma Changhai is not a complete recluse, he is also a member of the WTO. When he heard that Ningyuan General Yue Zhongqi returned triumphantly from his western expedition to Junggar, he wrote: "when he heard that Wang DaoWang was returning from his army, he forced Hu to follow the emperor's grace The poem "the first army returns to the snow mountain" is full of admiration for the emperor, but it is full of his reverence for the soldiers who defend the country's territory. It can be seen that Changhai's "Seclusion" is not indifference to state affairs. "Guochao poetry biecai Ji" said that he "abandoned Yingfu (official position) and was proud to meet achenting Dutong. During the banquet, Shi chenting defended the autumn and Huichuan gave it a sword with fish intestines. He was very sad and generous. He admired Zheng Chenggong, the national hero: "the emperor's expedition to liaodahaidong, huiluan is like Yongan palace. Ambition is not to be able to rest, and to write a monument for Zheng Gong. " Although the proportion of this kind of poetry in Changhai's poems is not large, it can be proved that he is a poet concerned about the country and the people.

Ma Changhai is also a poeticist. In the Qing Dynasty, poetry theory prevailed and theorists swarmed up, but most of them imitated Yuan Haowen's "on poetry quatrains", with little new ideas. Changhai's poetics is refreshing, such as Tao Qian's: "Su Li Feng is in bloom, and every word is innocent. Yixi is still concerned about the mind, how can it make people above Xihuang. " For example, on Du Fu: "the style of going abroad in Lao Du's poems is similar to that of Yu in his poems. The northern expedition had its own hammer hand, and it was not the work of the south mountain. " For example, on Li Shangyin: "the sustenance of Wen Xin is a Rhododendron, and Yuxi cherishes 50 years of China.". But no one will pity Jinse, so I will make Zheng Jian in vain. " For example, on Lu You: "the natural skill of needlework is hard to rust spring, but it didn't take much effort to let go.". How to explain the secrets of poets is not only for the poor, but also for the thin. " These poetics show Changhai's erudition and talent.

Ma Changhai made few friends in his life. He believed that "it is enough to have a confidant in life, and we should treat him with the same heart". This "same heart" is Li Kai. Li Kai, who is also a scholar in Northeast China, is also an official, hiding in Panshan, which is listed as one of the 15 famous mountains in China. A famous mountain is indeed a famous one. If you go sightseeing, it's certainly pleasant. If you stay in this mountain all your life, life will be miserable. Such a person is naturally respected by Changhai, so it's no wonder that Li Kai wrote a biography for him. The poem presented by this close friend really made Changhai happy when he was alive: "in February, the fur hugs the deerskin, and the only one in the world is Ma Qingchi. At night, there are no fireworks at the bottom of the stove. I sing plum blossom poems Ma Changhai is the only fool in the world. Changhai, together with Li Kai and Dai Heng, is known as the "three old men of Guandong". As a result of living in seclusion in Leixi for a long time, most of Changhai's poems are poems outside the pass, but not many of them describe the life in Northeast China. But from these few poems, we can still see the wanderer's yearning for his hometown: "the sails of the water Posthouse meet, the fireworks of others open. Old friends are all over Jingluo, but there is not a single book "The moon is as white as water, and the west wind wants to frost. If the letter can be reached, send it to ancient Xiaoxiang. " However, he was old at "Chang'an Weixiang" until his death, and never returned to his hometown of Changbai.

In the ninth year of Qianlong's reign (1744), Chang Haizu said, "there is nothing behind him, but a number of volumes of his manuscripts. He is afraid that they are incomplete, and his Royal Highness the king of Ning receives them and pays them.". We should be able to see this collection of poems of Ningxi after more than 200 years.

Chinese PinYin : Ma Zhang Hai