Pan Shien

Pan Shien

Pan Shien (January 27, 1770-1854) was born in Wu County, Suzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and Minister of the Qing Dynasty.

Life of the characters

In the Tang Dynasty, pan Fengshi was the governor of Shezhou. Because of his rich rank, his father stayed in Shezhou. Pan Zhonglan, the sixth ancestor of Pan Shien, moved from Shexian county to the north since the Ming Dynasty, and became a native of Suzhou, which enjoys the reputation of "pure land and elegant culture". His grandfather, pan Mian, had three sons: Yi Jun, Yi Zao and Yi Ji. Pan Yiji, his father, was born in Fuxiang, Hangzhou, and returned to Suzhou to study in order to cultivate his mind. It is said that on the eve of Pan Shien's birth, his grandfather pan Mian dreamed that a jade kylin fell from the sky and landed in Pan's family home, then turned into a baby, just like the precursor of his life's prosperity. Before pan Shien and his cousin pan Shihuang reached the top of the list. His father pan Yiji asked someone to write a couplet "Lao Su literature can pass on his son, but Xiao Song just won't let his brother" to encourage him. When pan Shien took part in the children's test, Li Changting, the magistrate of Wu County, saw that his "utensils were condensed" and "pulled him out of the front seat". He said: "fan Wenzheng is in charge of the world." Pan Shien immediately said: "Han Changli is the teacher of a hundred generations.". The magistrate of Li County criticized "the rising of the clouds" and pan Shien criticized "Zhu Fufang". After hearing this, Li Changting repeatedly said, "this boy will be rich in the future!" He was a student of Ziyang Academy.

In the 58th year of Qianlong (1793 AD), pan Shien was the number one scholar and was granted the title of Xiuzhuan. Since then, the official fortune has been prosperous, "young people have to enter Chongjie, and they are also Ding Jia. They should cherish their reputation, not be willful, and have a bright future" (comments made by Emperor Jiaqing for Pan Shien's Memorial). After that, he successively held the posts of bachelor's degree, cabinet bachelor's degree, and Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of household affairs. He joined Ji Yun in managing Siku Quanshu. In 1807, he was the president of Siku Quanshu and the president of Wenying library. In the next year, he served as the master of Hanlin Academy. In 1812, he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of work. In October 1813, he was transferred to the Ministry of household and still acted as Minister of the Ministry of work. In June of the 19th year of Jiaqing, pan Shien's mother died of illness and resigned to go home to mourn. After the death of his mother in 1817, he went to Emperor Jiaqing and said that his father was old and asked to take care of him at home. When the memorial was presented to the Imperial Palace, Emperor Jiaqing was very dissatisfied. On his memorial, Zhu commented: "loyalty and filial piety are two words that can not be discriminated against. To know which is the first and which is the last, loyalty and filial piety is close to the road. " Then, he issued an imperial edict to reprimand him, saying, "Pan Shien asked him to take care of his father at home. When his son was elected, he also gave thanks. He is a high-ranking official. He should come to Beijing in person to express his gratitude. Even if his father is over seventy years old and wants to serve at home, when he comes to Beijing to summon him, I will give him permission. Today, he only says that his father's spirit is not as good as before. He is not seriously ill and can't leave for a moment. I came to Beijing only for more than a month, but I was afraid of trudging. It was against the righteousness of my officials to carelessly submit a request. He was ordered to serve at home. I will come to Beijing after I have finished my family affairs and make up for it with my servant. " Pan Shien descended from the position of minister to minister. He lived in his hometown of Wu County for 14 years.

In April of the seventh year of Daoguang (1827 AD), pan Shien left home and went north to return to the capital. In accordance with the imperial edict of his father 11 years ago, Emperor Daoguang appointed him to act as Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of engineering. Soon after, he was granted the title of Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of official affairs. Since August of the eighth year of Daoguang, he has been acting as Minister of Li and Minister of rites. In September of the 10th year of Daoguang, he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of industry. Pan Shien returned to the office of minister.

In April of the 13th year of Daoguang (1833 AD), pan Shien was promoted to be a Bachelor of Ti Ren Ge, who was in charge of the household affairs. In May, he was transferred to manage the affairs of the Ministry of arms. In the first month of the fourteenth year, Xuanzong ordered him to walk on the military plane minister. The military aircraft minister is one of the ministers of the military aircraft department, the highest organ of power. Xuanzong also gave him a mansion in Yuanmingyuan. In February of the 15th year, he was awarded the bachelor degree of Dongge university to manage the affairs of the Ministry of industry. In July, it was changed to manage the affairs of the Department of accounts. In the first month of the 16th year, he became the master of the study and became the teacher of the prince. In the first month of the 17th year, he was awarded the title of crown prince. In May of the 18th year, Jin became a Bachelor of wuyingdian. In December of the same year, pan Shien was given a couplet by Emperor Xuanzong on his 70th birthday. The first couplet was "Zhuliang Xuanjiu xiangmiwu", the second couplet was "Jinggong Jiefu Xikang Jiang", and the second couplet was "Xizai Yanqi". After the outbreak of the Opium War, he supported Lin Zexu to go to Guangdong to ban smoking, and advocated strict internal governance to resist foreign aggression. In the past 24 years, Gansu and Xinjiang have been developed, and the people have been called on to cultivate crops and pay for the border. In August of the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843 AD), Emperor Daoguang authorized him to take a sedan chair in the Forbidden City. In December of the 25th year of Daoguang (1845 AD), Emperor Daoguang called pan Shien to Yangxin hall to talk. When he went up the hall, pan Shien, 77, fell down and hurt his lips and teeth. Emperor Daoguang ordered pan Shien to become an official and sent two eunuchs to support him. In March of the 26th year of Daoguang reign, pan Shien was given a yellow mandarin jacket by Emperor Daoguang. In the first month of the 28th year of Daoguang reign, pan Shien was awarded the title of crown prince of Jin. In December, pan Shien's 80th birthday, Emperor Daoguang wrote the word "Shou" and a couplet to him. The first couplet is "wangzhong Sangong zixie Li", the second couplet is "Xiangkai baqin Yanqi Yi", and the third couplet is "sanchao Shengshuo". Since the 29th year of Daoguang, pan Shien, who was one year old, had a lumbago and asked for 20 days' leave in Shangshu. From April to may, he asked for leave three times in a month. Xuanzong ordered him to stay at home for a long time. When he got well, when he would be concerned. Pan Shien felt that he had no strength, so he resigned, and Xuanzong ordered him to stay.

After emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, he issued an imperial edict to seek talents and recommended Lin Zexu, Yao Ying and others at the age of 80. In the third year of Xianfeng, the emperor personally wrote "qionglin Renrui" plaque as a gift. Pan Shien died in Beijing the next year at the age of 86. He was given the posthumous title of "Wengong" and was worshipped in Xianliang temple. At the same time, his three grandchildren, Zutong, Zuyin and zubao, were respectively awarded to Jinshi, Hanlin academy attendants and Juren, and were granted permission to participate in the palace examination and the meeting examination in the same year.

Pan Shien had five sons. His eldest son was pan Zengyi, whose name was Gongfu, Jiaqing and Bingzi. The second son pan zengying, also known as Guanbao, was good at history and was good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. His third son, pan Zengshou, was named Fu ting. He became an official at the age of 40, the father of Pan Zuyin. Pan Zuyin explored flowers for Renzi Enke in 1852. Pan Zengwei, his youngest son, abandoned ziye, paid attention to the study of managing the world, and devoted himself to ancient poetry.

Character evaluation

According to Lang Qian's biography of Chen Kangqi, pan Shien was the most fortunate person in three hundred years. Taking his life as an example, he said: "among the senior officials of this dynasty, five were born to add Taifu, eight to feast qionglin, eight to be prime minister, and only pan Wengong was public. There are many differences between the two. It's only three hundred years since Sun Jiwu was born. "

Interesting stories of characters

Pan shi'en of Wu county is the one who got the first prize in Suzhou. He was the number one scholar of kuichaoke in 1793. In 1853, he was invited to attend the "qionglin banquet" of the Ministry of rites. Pan Zuyin, his grandson and Minister of rites, presided over the examination. This is a rare event in the imperial examination. For this reason, Pan Shi en specially wrote poems to record his ambition and prosperity. Among them, the sentence "but he likes the new shade, the peach blossom and the plum blossom, and the young man knows that he is the same year old" was once passed down as a good story in the imperial examination.

According to Lang Qian Ji Wen, pan shi'en was the most fortunate person in three hundred years. Taking his life as an example, he said: "five of the senior officials of this dynasty were born to add Taifu, eight of them were heavy feasts in qionglin, eight of them were number one prime ministers, and only pan Wengong and Gong had both. There are many differences between the two. It's only three hundred years since Sun Jiwu was born. " In the 24th year of Daoguang's reign, he was a member of the cabinet's top four scholars. Apart from Pan Shien, mu zhanga, Bao Xing and Zhuo Bingtian were all his students. Pan Shien was very proud, and wrote a poem: "Han Yuan originated from the master of Zhongguan. I'd like to think about the past thirty years. That is to say, the three elders of Huangge can remember the time when huaiting held the scroll. " Pan Shilian also gave a gift to the former rich and noble To sum up his life correctly and exactly!

Book collection family

He has been an official for more than 50 years in his life. He has been involved in Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng dynasties. He is known as the "elder of the four dynasties" and enjoys incomparable favor. In 1809, in order to support his father pan Yiji, he bought the house of "fengchiyuan" and built the "Liuyu hall" as a library. He collected tens of thousands of books in the "Liuyu hall". After he was demobilized, he read all kinds of books, wrote poems and studied history in the library. His eldest son, pan Zengyi, has a collection of books

Pan zengying

Xiaooubo museum is famous for its collection of paintings and calligraphy. His grandchildren, such as pan Zuyin's "pangxizhai" and pan Zutong's "zhushantang", are the most famous book collectors of the pan family. His works include Zheng Xue Bian, Du Shi Jing Gu Bian, you Zhen Yi Zhai Wen Ji, Si Bu Zhai Shi Ji, Si Bu Lao Ren's chronology, Zai Fu Lu of Xi Dynasty, Si Bu Zhai notes, etc. He likes to carve books, which are engraved with pangxizhai series. He also loved the scholars' unofficial history. He polished the engraved edition and ordered someone to transcribe a postscript. He personally wrote the postscript and collected it from generation to generation. It was the copy of pangxizhai Xianfeng four years ago, which was valued by the world.

List of works

His works include two volumes of zhenyizhai anthology, six volumes of enbuzhai poetry anthology, eight volumes of zhengxuebian, thirty-two volumes of shushijinggubian, two volumes of zaifulu in the Xi Dynasty, eight volumes of enbuzhai notes, and one volume of Pan Shigong's chronology.

Historical records of the Qing Dynasty

Pan Shien, a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, is a native of Zhixuan. In the 58th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, a Jinshi was awarded the title of Xiuzhuan. In the second year of Jiaqing's reign, he took a first-class exam and was promoted to study as an official. and

Chinese PinYin : Pan Shi En