Zuyi

Zuyi

Zuyi, whose birth and death are unknown, is also called Qiyi. His surname is Teng (yizuosheng), the son of Hejia, the king of Shang Dynasty, and the 13th monarch of Shang Dynasty.

After he Jia died, Zu Yi took over the throne. Zuyi passed away in 19 years of his reign. After his death, his son Zuxin succeeded him.

During the reign of Zu Yi, he moved the capital from prime minister (now Neihuang County, Henan Province) to Geng (now Hejin City, Shanxi Province). The next year, he moved from Geng to Xing (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province). Later, because of the river disaster in Xingtai, the capital was moved to PI again. Zu Yi sent troops to subdue Lanyi, Banfang and other countries several times to remove the threat of the southeast Yi people to the Shang Dynasty. He appointed Wu Xian to assist the government, so that the social economy of the Shang Dynasty was restored and developed, and the Shang Dynasty was prosperous again.

Life of the characters

In the first year of Zuyi's reign, the capital of Shang Dynasty was located in Xiang (now Neihuang County, Henan Province). Because Xiang was located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the river rose suddenly. When the river rose and flooded, not only a large number of manors were destroyed, but also people's lives and property were difficult to settle down. Even the capital of emperor and king was in danger of drowning. Therefore, Zuyi kept his eyebrows locked all day, and his food and sleep were uneasy Xian (the son of Wu Xian) had already figured out Zu Yi's thoughts, so he said to him frankly, "the worry of the monarch has long been insightful. It's nothing more than the change of the capital." After hearing this, King Zuyi said happily, "since the virtuous Prime Minister understands this, he should make a plan for the orphan." Wu Xian then proposed to move the capital to Geng (now Hejin City, Shanxi Province). In the second year of Zuyi, gengdu was destroyed due to the river disaster. So Zuyi moved his capital to Xingtai (now Xingtai, Hebei Province). When Zu Yi moved to Xing, some of the Shang Dynasty's public families did not follow him to move south, but still stayed in Geng. Zu Yi granted his younger brother Zu Bing to Geng, established Geng state, and made Zu Bing king of Geng state. After he moved to shelter, he built the capital city, set up the ancestral temple, built the country and built the camp room. The social economy recovered and developed, and the Shang Dynasty flourished again. In the 19th year of Zuyi, Zuyi passed away and was named Zhongzong. After his death, Zuxin, his son, succeeded to the throne.

Political initiatives

Politics

In the period of Zuyi, there were two kinds of officials in Shang Dynasty: the internal service officials in China and the external service officials outside Wangji. The highest administrative officer was the "Xiang" (also known as "a, Bao, Yin") who assisted the king of Shang in making decisions. The senior officials of the dynasty were called Qing Shi. Sangong is a kind of noble title set up according to people, which is not permanent. In addition, there are "Shi" who are in charge of divination, sacrifice and recording, "bu" who are in charge of divination, "Zhu" who are in charge of praying for ghosts and gods, "zuolu" (also known as shoucang Shi and NEISHI) who are in charge of recording and keeping ancient books, teachers who are good at military officers, and Taishi and Shaoshi who are good at musicians.

① Internal service officer

The internal service officials are divided into external government officials and internal affairs officials. During the period of Zuyi, the fundamental feature of the political system of Shang Dynasty was the division of internal and external service. The Duke of Zhou, who lived in the period of Shang and Zhou, once summarized the situation in Jiugao: "the more he took external service, the more Hou, Dian, Nan, Wei Bangbo; the more he took internal service, the more Bai Liao, Shu Yin, Wei Ya, Wei Fu, Zonggong, the more people lived in (Jun)". neifu was the Wangji area directly ruled by Zuyi; Waifu was the area under the jurisdiction of Bangbo, which was divided into Hou, Dian, Nan and Wei, many of which were probably the tribal leaders of Fangguo, while the officials belonged to Shang. There are nearly 50 Hou recorded in the oracle inscriptions, the most famous of which are canghou, Wuhou, Gouhou, Hougao, houzhuan, Qihou, etc. Dian is called "Tian" in oracle inscriptions, and "Duotian (Dian)" refers to many Dian officials. Male, known as "Ren" in oracle inscriptions, is famous for Er Ren, Ge Ren, Ming Ren, Lu Ren, etc. Wei, as a kind of military duty, is often called "duoshewei", "Duoma Wei", "duogouwei" and so on in oracle inscriptions.

② Foreign Service Officer

According to the inscriptions and inscriptions, there are fifty or sixty kinds of internal service officials in Shang Dynasty, which can be roughly divided into four categories. One is "Bai Liao, Shu Yin". It includes the senior officials, senior officials and the close ministers of the king of Shang. Among them are the historiographers in charge of the cashier's order. The second is "only Asia, only clothing". They were mainly military officials who had a close relationship with King Shang. Third, "Zonggong". Refers to the official in charge of Royal Sacrifice and some specific affairs. The fourth is "the king in the common people". It refers to the official who administers the local nationalities and ordinary people. the official of inner court affairs is an official who serves the royal family, mainly the chief of the general manager and the trusted officials. The ministers were in charge of the specific affairs of the royal family. They were the chief of all kinds of work, the chief of grain collection, the chief of animal husbandry, the chief of hunting, the chief of wine, the chief of King's chariot, the chief of Royal chariot of Shang, the chief of guard, the chief of military officer, the chief of guard, the chief of education for noble children, and the chief of "Tian". Foreign service officials mainly include Hou and Bo, the leader of Fang state, men serving for the dynasty, and guards guarding the border. During the reign of Zu Yi, he moved the capital from Xiang (now Neihuang County, Henan Province) to Geng (now Hejin City, Shanxi Province). Later, due to the flood in Geng, the capital was moved to Xing (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province). Finally, due to the flood, he moved his capital to PI (i.e. shanshatai, now the North platform of Guangzong, Hebei Province).

Economics

From the very beginning, merchants were mainly agricultural people. Shangtang once sent Hao people to help GE people cultivate land. In oracle bone inscriptions, it is often seen that "Qi Shou Nian" (can we get a good harvest?) It reflects that the rulers of Shang Dynasty attached importance to agriculture. In animal husbandry, in addition to the remains of six animals, there are elephant bones unearthed in the Shang Dynasty, which indicates that there were training elephants in the north at that time. And master the pig castration technology, began to artificially raise freshwater fish. The handicraft industry is all managed by the government, with fine division of labor, huge scale, large output, many kinds and high level of technology, especially the bronze casting technology. It became the symbol of Shang civilization. Moreover, the Shang Dynasty people have invented the original porcelain. The white and delicate white pottery is of high level, with vivid modeling and fine carving. The jade shows the superb skills of the Shang Dynasty Jade workers. We have mastered the technology of jacquard in silk fabrics, such as plain Wan, Hank leno and thousand grain crepe. The progress of agriculture and handicraft industry in Shang Dynasty promoted the development of commodity exchange, and many merchants were engaged in long-distance trafficking with ox carts and boats. In the late Shang Dynasty, vendors specialized in various trades appeared in the capital. Lu Shang once slaughtered cattle in Chaoge and sold rice in Mengjin.

military

During the reign of Zu Yi, he sent troops several times to subdue Gui Fang, LAN Yi, ban Fang and other countries, so as to remove the threat of the southeast Yi people to the Shang Dynasty.

Culture

Since the Shang Dynasty, Chinese music entered the era of history. Both folk music and court music have made great progress. Due to the development of agriculture, animal husbandry and handicraft industry, bronze smelting and casting reached a very high level, which made the production level of musical instruments leap, and a large number of exquisite and luxurious musical instruments appeared. Music and dance are the main forms of court music, which can be verified by Sanglin and Dahu, written by Yi Yin, Minister of Shang and Tang Dynasties. There are three kinds of music professionals: witch, music slave and Lu. There are few materials about the folk music of Shang Dynasty. The first six of Guimei in Zhouyi and the sixth two of Tun in Yiyi are the folk songs of Shang Dynasty. oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty are mature characters, which have many ways of creating characters, such as pictograph, understanding, pictophonetic, borrowing, pointing and so on. Among the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed, a total of 4672 characters have been found, and 1072 characters have been recognized by scholars. Oracle bone inscriptions are square because of their hard materials. At the same time, the inscriptions on bronze are round because they are cast.

science

The calendar of the Shang Dynasty has been divided into big and small months, which stipulates 366 days as a cycle, and uses the year-end boudoir to adjust the length of the new moon and the return year. There are many records of solar eclipse, lunar eclipse and new star in oracle bone inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. about 30000 numbers were found in oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, with clear concepts of decimal system, odd number, even number and multiple, resulting in preliminary computing power. optics has been used for a long time. The micro convex mirror unearthed in Shang Dynasty can reflect the whole human face on a smaller mirror.

Anecdotes

Land of Dragons

When Zu Yi was in power, in order to lead the merchants to find a better livable city, he sent people north to the place where their ancestors lived to find a livable place. In a place called Xing, a dragon fish was found. The ministers reported to Zu Yi that it would become a place of dragon. Zu Yi then moved his capital to Xing, and sent a special person to raise Longyu and worship him day and night. In the second period of the reign of emperor Xing, agriculture and animal husbandry were developed. Because the Minister of geomantic omen said: if the dragon is there, it will prosper; if the dragon is dead, it will be flooded. Results after long died, Zu Yi moved away and Xing was flooded.

perpetual calendar

During the reign of Zuyi, a famous woodcutter called Wannian. One day, he went up to the mountain to cut firewood. After cutting, he sat under a tree and had a rest. He looked at the shadow of the tree, and was still thinking about how to fix the season. It took him half an hour to realize that the shadow of the trees on the ground had moved quietly. Ten thousand years had an idea, thinking, why not use the length of the shadow to calculate the time? After returning home, Wannian designed a sundial. However, in rainy days, the sundial is useless. One day, Wannian was drinking water by the spring. He saw the water on the cliff dripping rhythmically. The regular dripping sound inspired him. After returning home, Wannian started to make a five layer leaky pot, using the method of leaking to time. In this way, regardless of the weather, you can correctly grasp the time. With the tool of timing, Wannian is more attentive to observe the changes of seasons. After a long period of induction, he found that every 360 days, the length of the day will be repeated. As long as we know the law of the sun and moon, we don't have to worry about the festival

Chinese PinYin : Zu Yi