Zhu Shi

Zhu Shi

Zhu Shi (1665-1736) was born in genxia village, Gao'an County, Ruizhou prefecture (now belongs to genxia Zhujia village, cunqian Town, Gao'an City, Jiangxi Province). He is the 16th grandson of MaoGong sect, the ancestor of Poshan. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, he was a famous official, a famous historian and a master of Emperor Qianlong.

Kangxi 33 years, in the Jinshi, elected as the Shu Ji Shi. The residents are honest, upright and generous. During the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, he became an official, including the crown prince, Taifu, the great scholar of wenhuadian, and the official and military secretary. He was praised by the world for "restraining his efforts and passing through all the classics".

In the first year of Qianlong, he died at the age of 72. His posthumous title was Wenduan. The next year, when he was buried in his hometown, Emperor Qianlong granted him the title of "emperor Shi Yuan Lao".

brief introduction

Kangxi 33 years (AD 1694) Jinshi. He was given the title of magistrate of Qianjiang County in Hubei Province by the Shu Jishi. Shaanxi Xuezheng, fengtianfu Yin, Zhejiang governor, zuodu Yushi. At Yongzheng time, he was the president of the real record of emperor Shengzu. Xingqu is the principal of the Ministry of punishment, supervising Shaanxi. He was also the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. Together with Prince Yixian, he managed the water conservancy of the capital and auxiliary camp fields. He could store and discharge water properly and irrigate 60 hectares of land. Death, posthumous Wenduan. When he was governor of Zhejiang Province, he first used the "water tank method" to build seawalls, which played an important role in harnessing coastal waters. Kangxi respected Zhu Xi's theory, and Zhu Shi was an important representative of Cheng Zhu school. Zhu Shi lived a simple life. The popular banquet "Zhu Gong banquet" in Gao'an was usually four plates and two bowls, which was said to be created by Zhu Shi when he entertained Qianlong. Shi worked in ancient literature, studied in Hengqu, wrote annotations of Zhouyi, Zhouli, Yili abridgement, biographies of famous Confucians and Xunli, etc. biographies of Qing history and wenduangong collection were handed down to the world.

influence

Although the village is small and ordinary, an ordinary and outstanding figure was born in the fourth year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty. This person was an official in Wenhua hall, a bachelor and Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. Emperor Yongzheng praised him as "good assistant of the imperial court". He was the model of Gao'an Tea Picking Opera pumpkin. This person is Zhu Shi.

Zhu Shi (1665-1736), the word ruozhan, can be called Pavilion. He came from a farm family in Gao'an. It is recorded in Zhu's genealogy that Su Shi visited genxili on his way to visit his younger brother Su Zhe in Junzhou (later changed to Ruizhou) during the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, the river flowing through genxili was changed to Suxi River, and the mountain in genxili was also changed to Poshan. People in genxili regard it as a great honor for Su Shi to travel here, and they highly respect Su Shi. This kind of respect also had a great influence on Zhu Shi. Therefore, he chose Zhu Shi as his scientific name.

Zhu Shi studied hard in the cold window when he was young, and was familiar with the classics and history of 100 schools. He was a famous Confucian scholar and litterateur. In 1694, he was a scholar of the middle Jin Dynasty. He has successively served as county magistrate of Qianjiang, Xuezheng of Shaanxi, fengtianfu Yin, governor of Zhejiang and censor of zuodu. In Yongzheng period, he served as the president of Shengzu Shilu, the great Bachelor of Wenhua hall, and the Minister of the Ministry of officials and the Ministry of war. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Chong Shizong, the president, ordered him to cooperate with the prime minister. He gave it to Taifu. Zhu Shi was one of the most important figures in the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong. He was regarded as one of the most favoured officials of the three dynasties.

All his life, Zhu Shi took "imperial autocracy plus moral education" as his political proposition and official way. When he was the magistrate of Qianjiang County, he thought that the religion was as popular as the imperial edict, which was to use the vernacular language of ChuZhong, annotate it as exegesis, and preach the four townships every month. No matter where he was an official, he would emphasize the importance of education, run academies and advocate Confucianism. He took "reading the right books and being able to invent their meaning" as the standard of talent selection, and published and issued the book of rites, abridgement of rites, Zhangzi Quanshu, Yan's family precepts and Wengong's family precepts, which changed the customs of Zhejiang.

Zhu Shi was honest and upright as an official. At that time, Kangxi respected Zhu Xi's theory, and Zhu Shi was an important representative of Cheng Zhu school. He lived a frugal life. The old popular banquet in Gao'an was Zhu Gong banquet, which was said to be created by Zhu Shi when he invited Qianlong.

Zhu Shi also advocated "people-oriented", "people can carry boat, people can overturn boat". He was in Qianjiang. At the beginning of his departure, he gave the order of exemption. He didn't take any more than just offering. Zhu Shi was concerned about the people's livelihood and devoted himself to every aspect of Yingtian water conservancy and planning measures. He supervised the construction of seawalls in Zhejiang Province, and many of them were created. Haining and Shangyu counties often suffered from tides. Zhu Shi used the "Wooden Cabinet method" as the foundation of the dike, so that the dike was strong, the tide was relieved, and the people were at ease. In the 59th year of Kangxi, Zhu Shi was promoted to be the censor of zuodu. Sixty years later, when there was a severe drought in Shanxi and Shaanxi, Zhu Shi sent to Shanxi to persuade people to sell money for relief. He severely punished corrupt officials, rewarded rich families and gentlemen to donate food and money to relieve the victims. He also organized labor to renovate the waterway of the Caohe River, stopped collecting rice boats and taxed them, so as to facilitate the circulation of grain. Local officials in charge set up factories to treat the sick victims. After that, he asked Shanxi to set up social storehouses to prepare for famine, and to develop water conservancy and irrigate the fields with springs, which benefited the people.

In the first year of Yongzheng, the emperor granted a plaque and a fan for writing poems to the emperor, and transferred it to the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. In the Jin Dynasty, he added Prince Taibao and Prince Taifu.

In Gao'an City, Zhu Shi's hometown, there is still Gao'an Tea Picking Opera pumpkin, which is created by Zhu Shi as a model. The story of pumpkin is about Wang shouting, a bully landlord in Nanchang County, colluding with the government and taking the poor scholar Ding Wen's wife Du Lanying as Madame Shifang. Zhu Shi, the prime minister who went back to Gao'an to pay homage to his mother, set up a clever plan to rescue Du Lanying and severely punished Wang shouting and a group of corrupt officials according to law. To show his gratitude, Ding Wen chose pumpkin to celebrate his birthday with Zhu Mu. This program has been broadcast in the Central People's broadcasting station and Jiangxi people's broadcasting station for many times and has become a well-known tea picking opera.

In September of 1736, the first year of Emperor Qianlong, Zhu Shi died in Kyoto. More than two hundred years have passed. Today, at the end of the 20th century, people can only rely on his manuscripts, his handwriting, Biluo bridge, his cemetery and other few cultural relics to pay tribute to this "good assistant of chaotang" who is dedicated to the interests of the people and talent selection for the country. Yuan Mei, a poet, wrote a work under Zhu Wenduan's Cemetery: "the heron used to be in the first class, and his clothes and crowns often made the Royal incense return. The only three sages of the Sutra are the wind from the beginning. The jade soul rides on canghao, and the stone Lin bathes in the rain. Thinking about a few tears in Xizhou, I can't bear to climb. Zhu Shi's story will be handed down forever and sung from the Tea Picking Opera pumpkin. According to the research of historical data, Zhu Shi was honest, upright, impartial, strict in law enforcement, relief to the victims, and widely benefitted the government. He was known as the "great honest official" by the common people. He toured Zhejiang Province and made outstanding achievements. He was known as "Shi was modest in style, set an example, and ruled the country first." He is one of the most important ministers and famous statesmen in the history of Qing Dynasty. According to the records of Gao'an County written by cha Tongzhi, Emperor Yongzheng gave Zhu Shi a plaque of "chaotangliangzuo" in 1723 to show his esteem and trust.

Zhu Shi is not only an outstanding figure who has made great contributions to politics in history, but also a famous historian and educator who is erudite, rich in works, devoted to education and good at cultivating talents. He was called as the president of Shengzu Shilu and shizongshilu by Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors. His works, Zhouli annotation, Zhouyi annotation, wenduangong collection, Chunqiu banknote, biography of famous officials, biography of famous Confucians and yilijieyao, have a great influence in the academic circles of Chinese literature and history. Emperor Qianlong called Zhu Shi's Ci a famous work because of his high academic level, thick utensils and rich resources.

In terms of education, Zhu Shi not only cultivated Emperor Qianlong, an outstanding person who was both civil and military, and was the leader in governing the country, but also made great contributions to invigorating the literary style of a generation, tightening the imperial examination system, establishing various academies, and selecting excellent talents. Therefore, Emperor Yongzheng once gave Zhu Shi a high-quality tribute of Suzhou folding fan, and wrote a poem on the fan in recognition. Shi Yun: Gao Yuesheng Liangzuo, an old minister of Xingchao Rui. Nanchang holds the algae warning, Beidou weighs heavily. Loyalty is not only for service, but also for ability. It is a blessing for the country and the common people.

This royal fan has always been treasured by Zhu Shi's descendants and donated to the local people's Government before the cultural revolution. It is now collected in Gao'an archives, and there are copies in Gao'an Museum.

Zhu Shi's imperial fan now has only a fan face, which has a light smoke yellow background, a gold "huangbang paper" quality, and a white Xuan Jinggong mount, with a clear color. The fan is 54.5 cm in length and 28 cm in length. It has 13 lines of calligraphy from the right. There are 50 words in each poem. Each word is 2-2.5 cm square. The calligraphy is round and beautiful. It looks like the style of pine and snow. The number of words in each line is different. It is dense and beautiful. Beside the first word of the poem, there is a long ring of Zhu Wenyin. After the poem, there is a line of "Yu Bi CI Shang Shu Zhu Shi", and there are two seals of Zhu Wenyu, Emperor Yongzheng. The whole fan is intact, the handwriting is clear and the seal can be distinguished. According to the identification of relevant cultural relic experts, it is confirmed that this fan is a national precious cultural relic, which is of great value to the study of Zhu Shi's life and the history of Qing Dynasty.

When donating fans, Zhu Shi's descendants introduced a little-known historical event recorded in this royal fan: in a certain year of the Yongzheng Dynasty, the emperor appointed Zhu Shi as the main examiner and Liu Bi as the Deputy examiner.

The day before the examination, Emperor Yongzheng secretly called two examiners to decide the examination questions. In the afternoon of the same day, his uncle ordered his relatives to send gold, brocade and other valuable gifts to the chief and Deputy examiners, hoping to ask the examiners to take care of his son. At the same time, some officials from the Ministry of punishment, the Ministry of industry and the Ministry of household also sent many gifts, all asking the examiners to take care of their relatives and friends. Liu bi was greedy for money and leaked the examination questions, but Zhu Shi took all the gift lists and gifts into the palace to report to the emperor. Yongzheng was furious and wanted to cure him immediately

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Shi