Jiang guangnai

Jiang guangnai

Jiang guangnai (December 17, 1888 - June 8, 1967), born in Humen, Dongguan County, Guangzhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province, is an outstanding patriot, Democrat and political activist, a meritorious Anti Japanese general, the commander in chief of Songhu Anti Japanese War, the outstanding founder and leader of the democratic revolution, and the main leader of the textile industry of new China.

Jiang guangnai graduated from Baoding Military Academy in 1913 and participated in the revolution of 1911. He was a division commander of the National Revolutionary Army and a deputy commander of the 11th army. He participated in the Northern Expedition and the Central Plains war. In 1930, he served as commander-in-chief, general and Songhu garrison commander of the 19th Route Army. During the Anti Japanese war in Songhu, Jiang guangnai served as the commander in chief and led the officers and men of the 19th Route Army to resist bravely, giving a head-on blow to the Japanese army. The Japanese army launched four general attacks on our army's battlefields, houses and shops, but all of them were defeated. Jiang guangnai commanded the army to launch many battles in Zhabei, Jiangwan, Wusong, caojiaqiao, Liuhe and Baziqiao. The Japanese army changed its commander four times, killing and injuring nearly ten thousand people. The war of resistance against Japan in Songhu dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of Japanese imperialism in invading China and inspired the Anti Japanese fighting spirit of the whole nation.

After the founding of new China, Jiang guangnai served successively as a member of the Guangdong provincial government and Minister of the Ministry of textile industry. He was a deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress, a member of the first standing committee of the CPPCC National Committee and a member of the second, third and fourth Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the democratic revolution. He died in Beijing on June 8, 1967. Jiang guangnai's ashes were first stored in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing. In 1997, they were moved with CAI tingkai and buried in the general's Tomb of the 19th Route Army's Songhu Anti Japanese soldiers' cemetery in Guangzhou.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Jiang guangnai was born in tongyuanfang, nanzha Township, Humen, Dongguan County, Guangdong Province on December 17, 1888. His grandfather, Jiang Lixiang, was a scholar of kuchouke in the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. In the third year of Tongzhi, he was awarded the title of editor of Hanlin Academy. His father, Jiang Zimin, was a member of the Dingyou imperial examination in the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. He came to Beijing to teach in Jingshan. Her mother, Mrs. Zheng, was also born in Dongguan, Guangdong Province. She was born in a family of noble and knowledgeable.

Jiang guangnai stayed in his hometown with his mother and followed his elder brother, who taught in private schools, to read and read. On November 18, 1903, Mrs. Zheng died of illness. On her deathbed, she told Jiang guangnai to "abandon the literature and follow the military", which had a great influence on Jiang guangnai's life. Jiang Zimin failed to meet his talent. He died of illness in Beijing, only 10 days later than his wife, at the age of 48.

After his parents died one after another, his family was declining. At the age of 15, Jiang guangnai began to seek his own way out. In 1904, he was admitted to Dongguan normal school with excellent results and became a normal student who provided food and accommodation. In 1906, he enrolled in the second phase of Guangzhou Army primary school in Huangpu. Together with his classmates Zhang Tingfu and Yuan xuqi, he applied for the examination and was admitted. Introduced by his classmate Chen Mingshu, Jiang guangnai joined the alliance soon after he entered the University.

The revolution of 1911

In 1909, Jiang guangnai graduated from the Army primary school and was promoted to the Fourth Army middle school in Nanjing. On October 10, 1911, when the news of the Wuchang new army uprising spread to Nanjing, the members of the alliance of the Fourth Army middle school in Nanjing immediately prepared for the uprising. Because the school hid weapons, the students thought it was difficult to succeed with bare hands, so they decided to join the uprising team in Wuchang. Jiang guangnai, Li Zhangda, yuan xuqi, Zhang Tingfu, Chen Guofu and Zhan Meng were in the first group. Led by Chen Mingshu, they reported to the governor's office of Wuchang in late October. They were organized as the second death squads of the Central Committee. The next day, they took part in the landing battle of Longwang temple in Hankou. After defeat, they withdrew to Wuchang.

On November 16, 1911, Huang Xing personally directed the general attack on Hankou. As a member of the general headquarters, Jiang guangnai followed the third route volunteers to attack Hankou from Hanyang. However, because the first and second route volunteers did not cooperate, he was defeated in the battle. When Jiang guangnai retreated to the Bank of the Han River, the floating bridge had been broken and many soldiers fell into the water. Fortunately, he got on the last boat and returned to Hanyang.

After the attack was frustrated, some students gave up and left without saying goodbye, while Jiang guangnai stayed and insisted on fighting. After Hanyang was lost, he moved to Wuchang and continued to confront the Qing army.

After the signing of the north south peace treaty, the Nanjing provisional government was established on New Year's day in 1912, and immediately began to demobilize the army. Jiang guangnai just received the admission notice of the first phase of Baoding military academy and was able to continue his study. Before reporting for duty, he returned to his hometown and married Tan miaonan of Daning Township in the same county. Shortly after his marriage, he entered the cavalry section of Baoding military academy to study.

In June 1913, the news that Li Liejun in Jiangxi was going to seek yuan secretly spread to Baoding military academy. Jiang guangnai, his classmates Zhang Tingfu, Ji Fang and more than 30 people resolutely left the school and went to Jiangxi. Li Liejun took the post of commander in chief of Yuan's army. He electrified the whole country and attacked Yuan Shikai, officially opening the prelude to the "second revolution". Li Liejun appointed Fang Shengtao as commander of the right wing army and Jiang guangnai as chief of staff of the right wing army command. Yuan's army was defeated by Yuan's army because it was outnumbered. Jiang guangnai and his classmate Zhang Tingfu retreated to Fujian along the path with a group of defeated soldiers. After going through hardships, they arrived in Fuzhou and then took a boat to Shanghai. At the end of 1913, he worked as a boiler man on a cargo ship bound for Nagasaki through relations with Zhang Tingfu, and arrived in Japan safely.

At that time, Huang Xing, Li Liejun and others set up a military school in Dashen, a suburb of Tokyo, to take in revolutionary comrades in exile overseas and train them as the basic force to fight against Yuan Shikai when they returned home. In order to hide people's eyes and ears, it is called "haoranlu", which is presided over by Yin ruli. When Jiang guangnai and Zhang Tingfu arrived in Tokyo from Nagasaki, they began to study in haoranlu. At the same time, they also studied nearly 100 people, such as Chen Mingshu, Hu Jingyi and LV Chao.

At the beginning of 1915, the rumor of searching for revolutionaries in China was relatively relaxed. Before the Spring Festival, Jiang guangnai returned to his hometown, where he had not seen him for a long time, to visit his newly married wife and son, who had not yet met. At this time, the family was destitute. Three elder brothers passed away one after another, and the sisters were married. There was only one younger brother in the family who had not yet married. His wife and children were living on the help of his father-in-law's family. However, forced by the situation, he only stayed for 20 days, and then he left in a hurry with regret for his relatives.

Jiang guangnai, Zhang Tingfu and Li Zhangda left their hometown to live in Hong Kong. They rented a wooden house in Tangbian, Kowloon, and made a living by planting and selling flowers. Later, with the help of yuan xuqi, they published a civilian daily which publicized the revolution and denounced Yuan Shikai, which was popular with the people at that time.

Early military experience

In the spring of 1916, Cai E and others launched the national defense movement in Yunnan and launched the northern expedition. Li Liejun led the second front army of the Yunnan army to expel long Jiguang from Guangdong. Jiang guangnai and other four people bypassed Vietnam and entered Guangxi to join the national defense army. He was assigned to Fang Shengtao, the old boss, as the second ladder regiment major staff. On the way to Guangdong, the news came that Yuan Shikai had died in Beijing. The soldiers of the National Defense Corps were very angry and arrived in Guangzhou smoothly. However, after arriving in Guangzhou, Jiang guangnai found that although long Jiguang had been driven away, the real power of Guangdong was in the hands of Guangxi warlord Lu Rongting. Frustrated, Jiang guangnai, together with his friends Li Zhangda, Zhang Tingfu and Yuan xuqi, lived in Damei Hall of Liurong temple to learn Buddhism. Soon, Chen Mingshu came to study Buddhism with them.

During their stay in Liurong temple, they followed the abbot tiechan to learn Buddhist classics, and took the title of "Nanming" by Li Zhangda, "Zhenru" by Chen Mingshu, and "Jingran" by Jiang guangnai. Because "Jingran" has the same ancient sound as its original name "Yu" and metaphors the perception of life, he always used the word "Jingran" later.

In September 1917, the extraordinary session of the National Congress elected Sun Yat Sen as the Grand Marshal of the military government of the Republic of China, and Fang Shengtao as the garrison commander of the Grand Marshal. Jiang guangnai left the temple and became the commander of the first company of the guard camp. Later he became the staff officer. When Sun Yat Sen formed the Fujian Guangdong aid army, Chen Jiongming was the commander and Jiang guangnai was the major's staff officer. In June 1919, he went to Hong Kong with Zhu Zhixin to set up an office to discuss Guangxi, to cooperate with the military action of Fujian Guangdong army's return to Guangdong.

In the summer of 1920, sent by Zhu Zhixin, Jiang guangnai contacted Chen Mingshu, who was in charge of the Fourth Battalion Zhaojun garrison in Yangjiang, and sent his troops to humen. Unfortunately, Zhu Zhixin was killed in mediating the dispute between humen Garrison and the militia.

In May 1921, Sun Yat Sen became the "very big president" of the Republic of China, forming the presidential palace guard group, and Jiang guangnai was transferred to the post of major adjutant of the guard group. In June 1922, he was promoted to the rank of commander of the second guard regiment. On June 16, when Chen Jiongming shelled the presidential palace, Jiang guangnai led his team to take part in the battle to defend the presidential palace. Later, he was appointed by Sun Yat Sen to Hong Kong and other places to appease the scattered officers and soldiers.

After returning to Guangdong, Jiang guangnai was transferred to the commander of the 3rd Battalion of the 4th regiment of the 2nd brigade. But before he took office, he heard that CAI tingkai, the company commander of the battalion, had left his post. It turned out that CAI tingkai was the oldest company commander of the battalion and had made outstanding achievements in the war. After the promotion of the battalion commander, all the officers and soldiers in the battalion thought that he would be promoted to the battalion commander. They congratulated him one after another. When they learned that Jiang guangnai had been transferred to the battalion commander from outside, Cai had a big accident and left in a rage. However, after taking office, Jiang guangnai soon won the support of his subordinates with his ability, impartiality and leniency.

In August 1923, Jiang guangnai was promoted to head of the supplementary regiment of the first division. In January 1924, Sun Yat Sen reorganized the Guangdong army. He was transferred to head of the 2nd regiment of the 1st Brigade of the 1st division of the Guangdong army of the people's Republic of China. Cai tingkai, who once left, was appointed as the commander of the 1st Battalion of the 2nd regiment. From then on, they began their 10-year cooperation experience.

In November 1924, at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang, Sun Yat Sen went to the north to discuss the country. Chen Jiongming, a warlord who occupied the Beijiang area of Guangdong Province, took the opportunity to fight, and the Guangdong military government launched its first eastward expedition. Jiang guangnai led the 2nd regiment to be the vanguard of the whole army, which was defeated repeatedly

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Guang Nai