Ren Yi

Ren Yi

Ren Yi (1840-1895), or Ren Bonian, was originally named run, with a long history. He was named Xiaolou, later renamed Yi, with the name of Bainian. He was also named Shangyin shangwalker and shoudaoshi. He was born in Hangwu mountain (now Guali Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou) in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province, and was a famous painter in the late Qing Dynasty.

Since childhood, he sold paintings with his father. Later, he studied painting from Ren Xiong and Ren Xun. Later, he lived in Shanghai and sold paintings for a living. In the "four terms", the most outstanding achievement, is the "maritime painting school" in the leader, "Shanghai school four outstanding" one. Ren Bonian's painting originated from folk art with comprehensive techniques, including mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, and figures. He attached great importance to sketching from life, combined with various methods, and absorbed the advantages of watercolor tone, which made his style fresh.

His figure paintings, which came out of Chen Hongshou's method in his early years, are exaggerated in image and rich in decorative effect. For example, the axis of the painting of Gan Mo Lian Jian collected in the Palace Museum. After practicing pencil sketch, he became more comfortable, such as the axis of the painting of three heroes in the Palace Museum. His portrayal skills are superb. He once painted many people, such as Xugu, Hu Gongshou, Zhao Zhiqian, Ren Xun, and so on. In Zhejiang Museum, there is a scroll of the portrait of a sour and cold captain, which depicts a standing portrait of Wu Changshuo in official clothes, which is extremely vivid. In his early years, his flower and bird paintings were good at Meticulous Brushwork and imitated the method of Northern Song Dynasty, which is close to that of Chen Hongshou. Later, the freehand brushwork of Yun school, Chen Chun, Xu Wei and Zhu Da was adopted. The brushwork tended to be simple and unrestrained, and the colors were clear and elegant, forming a part-time style of writing, bright and warm. His representative works include the axis of the painting of Wisteria kingfisher, which is hidden in Xu Beihong Memorial Hall. It has a great influence on modern flower and bird painting.

Life of the characters

Ren Yi (1840-1895), a painter in the late Qing Dynasty, was born in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province. Painting a wide range of subjects, characters, portraits, landscapes, flowers, birds are good at. His unique style is rich and changeable in brush and ink, ingenious in composition, prominent in theme, dense in sparseness, alternate between virtual and real, rich in poetic charm, fresh and fluent.

Daoguang was born in the countryside of Xiaoshan in 1840. His father Ren Shenghe was a folk portrait painter, his eldest uncle Ren Xiong, and his second uncle Ren Xun. He was good at painting since childhood and was deeply influenced by folk prints.

From 1854 to 1855, when he was 15 or 16 years old, he sold his paintings in Shanghai, imitating Ren Xiong's works and selling them along the street. As Ren Xiong passed by, he was not angry, but appreciated his talent, recruited him as a disciple and passed it on as an anecdote.

In 1861, when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom entered Shaoxing, his father died. He was once recruited into the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom army as a flagman, and "served as a leader in wartime". After that, Tianjing (Nanjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom) fell and returned home.

In 1864, he moved to Ningbo to sell paintings for a living. He met wangeting, Chen duofeng, Xie Lianshi and Ren Xun.

In 1868, when he was 28 years old, he went to Suzhou with Ren Xun to study painting and sell with him. He met painters Hu Yuan and Sha Fu.

In the winter of 1868, he went to Shanghai, where he lived in Yu Garden for a long time, and lived in the three archway buildings near Yu Garden. Open fan shop "Guxiang room", and Xugu, Zhang Xiong, Gao Yong and other painters and collectors Mao Shuzheng become friends.

In 1883, Gao Yong introduced him to Wu Changshuo.

In 1887, he published "Mr. Ren Bonian's original painting manual", which caused a sensation in Shanghai.

In 1895, on November 4 (December 19) of the 21st year of Guangxu, he died of pneumonia caused by the loss of Shaoxing assets and opium smoking. He was 56 years old.

Main achievements

In the late Qing Dynasty, the famous flower and bird painters and figure painters, together with Wu Changshuo, Pu Hua and Xugu, were known as the "four masters of Shanghai school in the late Qing Dynasty".

Ren Bonian's main achievement lies in figure painting and flower and bird painting. With only a few strokes, he can express the whole look of the characters, with little ink and far-reaching artistic conception. Its lines are concise and calm, powerful and natural. He often painted Zhong Kui, who was open-minded, not afraid of ghosts, not believing in evil. In his flower and bird paintings, flowers and birds are always connected together, birds are very prominent, flowers are sometimes only used as background, and the whole picture is full of poetic mood. There are also outstanding painters in Ren's school. Later, there is the saying of "three Ren" (ren Xun and Ren Xiong in his uncle's generation), but the most successful one is undoubtedly Ren Yi.

Ren Bonian is an outstanding portrait painter. In his early years, he learned from Xiao Yuncong, Chen Hongshou, Fei Xiaolou (Fei danxu), Ren Xiong and others. In his later years, he absorbed Hua Yan's brushwork and became more simple and flexible. The vivid works, such as the painting of three friends, the portrait of Sha Fu, the portrait of Zhong Ying, the portrait of Wu Changshuo, and the 48 year old portrait of fan Hu Ju Shi, which was painted by the famous poet and painter fan Hu Ju Shi Zhou Xian, are full of spirit.

Ren Bonian's flower and bird paintings are more creative and interesting. In his early years, he was good at fine brushwork, "imitating the method of the Northern Song Dynasty, using only Jiaomo Gougu, coloring thick, close to the old lotus school.". Later, he absorbed the unyielding method of Yun Shou Ping, and Chen Chun, Xu Wei and Zhu Da's freehand brushwork, the pen and ink tended to be simple and leisurely and indulgent, and the colors were bright, clean and elegant, forming a style of writing with both working and writing, and a bright and warm style. This painting opened up a new world of flower and bird painting and had a great influence on modern times.

In his early years, he learned from Shi Tao. In his middle age, he learned from Shen Zhou, Ding Yunpeng, and Lan Ying of Ming Dynasty, followed up with Wu Zhen and Wang Meng of Yuan Dynasty, and was good at the brushwork of zongsi and Jinzhen.

Heyday

The 1880s was the heyday of Ren Bonian's creation. The scope of his creation theme was expanded, with profound social content and implicit means to express deep feelings. In the 1990s, there were a large number of works, but the ideological nature of the works did not seem to exceed that of the 1980s. However, the artistic techniques were more skillful, bold and generalized, especially the flower and bird paintings, which achieved a "perfect" situation.

Works spread

Ren Bonian, a prolific writer rarely seen in history, has left thousands of posthumous works in his painting creation for more than 20 years. The earliest work was written in the fourth year of Tongzhi, and the latest one was written in October of the year of Guangxu, one month before his death. His important works are like the painting of Chen Xiaopeng's plum blossom duel in 1868, which is now in the Palace Museum. In 1877, he wrote the painting of Zhong Ying at the age of 56 and the painting of Que Ping. * * Guangxu seven (1881) made "Peony double chicken picture", income Japan's "the painting of treasures of the famous painting", "fishing return map", income "Lu's collection of Tibetan paintings", imitating "Xuan and banana plantain", and "South painting Dacheng". In the next year, he wrote a Book of characters, which was included in the South painting Dacheng. Eleven years (1885) for the "heart" and "ink characters landscape book", for the grandfather Zhao Dechang couple to write like.

artistic characteristics

The outstanding one in Shanghai school, whose painting originated from the folk, attached importance to inheriting the tradition, absorbed western painting techniques, formed a unique style of painting, and made the most outstanding achievements in the "four terms". He is good at figures, flowers and birds, landscape, and his figure paintings are widely drawn. His works can reflect real life, criticize society, and express personal feelings. The shape is concise, accurate, vivid and vivid, and the technique is changeable. His flower and bird painters include Chen Chun, Xu Wei, Shi Tao, Yun Shouping, Hua he and other painters in the Northern Song Dynasty. He learned from others' strong points and turned into a painter with fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, sketching and no bones. He mixed watercolor painting with traditional brush and ink. Light ink and color blend. His style is bright, warm, fresh, lively and full of creativity. Although there are not many works of landscape painting, the composition and layout of landscape painting are also changeable. The technique of brush and ink can break out of the traditional pattern and have a unique style. Ren Yi's paintings had a great influence at that time and in modern times. There are "Su Wu sheep", "Nu Wa Lian Shi", "Guan He Yi Wang Xiao Suo", "Shuyin Guan Dao", "Qun Xian Zhu Shou" and a large number of flowers and birds, landscape and other works handed down. Later generations have published a variety of picture albums and collections.

Ren Yi is an outstanding painter in modern China. He has made the most outstanding achievements in the "four terms" and is the outstanding one in the maritime painting school. His outstanding artistic achievements have attracted worldwide attention.

Ren Yi was born in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province (now Guali Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City). He was born in the 19th year of Daoguang (1840) in the Opium War and died in the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896). His father Ren Shenghe is a folk portrait artist. His eldest uncle Ren Xiong and his second uncle Ren Xun are already famous painters. Influenced by his family when he was young, he was able to paint. When he was a teenager, a visitor to his home once left after sitting for a while. When his father came back and asked who was coming, Bonian couldn't answer his name, so he picked up a piece of paper and drew a picture of the visitor. When his father looked at it, he knew who it was. This shows that Ren Bonian mastered the skills of realistic painting when he was young.

Ren Bonian once "held the banner" in the army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom when he was a teenager. At that time, the military flag was large and he "commanded it in wartime as a pioneer". It was not until the fall of Tianjing that Ren Bonian returned to his hometown. Later, he went to Shanghai to study painting with Ren Xiong and Ren Xun. After a long time in Shanghai to sell paintings for a living. Ren Bonian was frank and slovenly. He was nearly 30 years old when he studied painting. He was famous for his numerous paintings. However, his body and mind were deeply damaged by opium, which was also the reason why he died prematurely at the age of 56. Ren Bonian's painting originated from folk art. He attached great importance to inheriting the tradition, integrating the advantages of various schools, absorbing the sketching and coloring methods of Western painting, and forming his own colorful, novel and vivid unique painting style.

The meticulous painting of ladies is close to Fei Xiaolou, and Chen Hongshou exaggerates the magnificent figure painting. The decorative street painting learns from Ren Xun. Later, she practices pencil sketching, and becomes more comfortable. In her later years, she absorbed Hua Yan's brushwork.

As far as Ren Bonian's personal artistic attainments are concerned, his ability of flower and bird painting is relatively high. In terms of the situation in the painting world at that time, his figure influence is relatively large. The reason is that there were few figure painters at that time, and those with high achievements were even less. Such attainments as Ren Bonian's were naturally pushed to the top.

Most of the early paintings of ladies by the author were meticulous. In this picture, the lady holds her hand and looks at the spring willows, melancholy if lost. The composition is simple

Chinese PinYin : Ren Yi