Ding Xilin

Ding Xilin

Ding Xilin (1893-1974) was a Chinese playwright, physicist and social activist. His original name was Ding Xielin, and his name was Xun Fu. Born in Huangqiao Town, Taixing County, Jiangsu Province on September 29, 1893. In 1913, he graduated from the Industrial School of Shanghai Ministry of Communications (the predecessor of Shanghai Jiaotong University). In 1914, he entered Birmingham University to study physics and mathematics. He returned to China in 1920 and served as professor of Physics Department of Peking University and director of Institute of physics of Academia Sinica.

Personal resume

Born in Taixing County, Jiangsu Province on September 29, 1893.

He studied in Shanghai Nanyang public school from 1910 to 1913.

From 1914 to 1919, he studied in Birmingham University and obtained a master's degree in science.

From 1919 to 1924, he was a professor and director of the Department of physics, Peking University.

From 1924 to 1926, he was the director of the Department of physics of Peking University.

From 1928 to 1948, he was the director and researcher of the Institute of physics of Academia Sinica, and was elected academician of Academia Sinica in 1948.

He served as acting director general of Academia Sinica from 1933 to 1935, and was elected as a member of the first Council in 1933.

He was the director general of Academia Sinica from 1935 to 1936 and 1940 to 1941.

From 1950 to 1957, he was vice chairman of the all China Association for the popularization of science and technology.

In 1958, he was vice chairman of the China Association for science and technology.

After 1960, he successively served as vice minister of the Ministry of culture, deputy director of the China foreign cultural Liaison Committee, deputy director of the Chinese people's Association for friendship with foreign countries, director of the Beijing Library, deputy director of the Chinese character Reform Commission, etc.

He died in Beijing in April 1974.

Personal profile

Ding Xilin

He was born in Huangqiao Town, Taixing County, Jiangsu Province. He is a Chinese playwright, writer, physicist and instrument craftsman. He is the only dramatist who specializes in comedy in the history of modern Chinese drama. Ding Xilin achieved excellent results in primary school. He was admitted to Shanghai Nanyang public school in 1910 and graduated in 1913. He studied physics in Birmingham University in 1914 and obtained a master of Science in 1919.

Ding Xilin returned to China in 1919 and was employed by President Cai Yuanpei to become a professor of physics and director of preparatory science at Peking University. When he was the director of the physics department, he recruited excellent talents to teach in the Department, and the Physics Department of Peking University was full of talents for a while. In 1923, he published his first work a wasp.

After Cai Yuanpei took charge of the Academia Sinica, Ding Xilin was the director of the Institute of physics, during which he developed the "11 hole new Flute" which conformed to the 12 average law. He came to Hong Kong in 1940. After the fall of Hong Kong, he escaped with his family and was put under house arrest in Guangzhou. Wang puppet government invited him to work in Nanjing and teach in Sun Yat sen University, but they were rejected. He fled Guangzhou in disguise. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he resigned as director of the Institute of physics in early 1947 and went to teach in Shandong University.

On June 1, 1948, at the invitation of Zhuang Changgong, a colleague from Peking University and Academia Sinica, Ding Xilin worked in Taipei as professor and provost of the Department of physics at the school of science, National Taiwan University. On August 1, 1948, President Zhuang Changgong resigned from Taiwan for the first time. Acting as the dean of education, he went to Qingdao in mid August to deal with affairs and left Taiwan forever. He attended the first Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference in September 1949. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he was deputy to the first, second and third National People's congresses, member of the second and third national committees of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, member of the culture and Education Committee of the State Council, Vice Minister of the Ministry of culture, vice president of the Chinese people's Association for foreign culture, vice director of the foreign cultural Liaison Committee, and director of the Beijing Library (now the National Library of China) Deputy director of the Chinese character Reform Commission, executive director of the Chinese Dramatists Association, etc. He died on April 4, 1974.

He is a member of the Chinese Writers Association (since 1955) and a non party Democrat (non party personage).

Literary achievements

introduce

Ding Xilin loved literature and art when he was a child. During his study abroad, he read a lot of famous European dramas and novels. After returning home, he engaged in amateur drama creation and became one of the influential playwrights who devoted themselves to comedy creation since the May 4th movement. Ding Xilin published a total of 10 plays: a wasp (1923), dear husband (1924), after drinking (adapted from Ling Shuhua's novel of the same name, 1925), oppression (1926), blind eye (1927), air in Beijing (1930), one act comedy three yuan (1939), four act comedy waiting for his wife to come back (1939) ）They are Miao Feng Shan (1940) and Meng Lijun (1961). Seven of them are one act plays. Ding Xilin's unpublished "cheers" and "wisdom for birth" have been included in Ding Xilin's drama collection published by Du in 1985. Ding Xilin's comedies have high artistic achievements, which are mainly reflected in a wasp, oppression, three dollars and waiting for his wife to return.

"A wasp" is about Jimu who has feudal ideas, interferes with her son's freedom of marriage, and wants to marry a young lady Yu with her nephew. Unexpectedly, her son had already fallen in love with Miss Yu. When they hugged each other and were almost caught by Jimu, Miss Yu covered up and said, "Oh, a wasp" to deceive Jimu. Many universities have performed the play since it was published. In 1926, it was performed by the drama department of Beijing National Art School and directed by Zhao taimou.

Oppression reflects the phenomenon that some landlords in big cities generally do not recruit single tenants. In the play, a male tenant pays the rent, but the landlady wants to drive the male tenant away because she has no family members and doesn't rent. At this time, a single female tenant came to rent a house, so they pretended that the husband and wife rented the house. The play was premiered in Beijing on June 5, 1926 by the drama department of Beijing National Academy of Arts and directed by Yu Shangyuan.

The plot of three yuan national currency took place in the rear area during the Anti Japanese war. Mrs. Wu, who had fled from other provinces, claimed three yuan for breaking a vase by her maid. This event aroused the injustice of Yang Changxiong, a student in exile, and the dispute continued. Yang angrily threw Wu's other vase to pieces and handed three national coins at the same time.

In waiting for his wife to return, the wife, who never cares about the world, abandons the comfortable life in front of the big right and wrong, leaves the traitor's husband and runs away with her son who has anti Japanese thoughts.

Contribution Summary

character

Ding Xilin thinks that comedy is a kind of rational feeling, which must be thought and tasted. Comedy's smile is also different from farce's roaring and cheering, but "knowing smile". His creative practice has realized his own theory. Ding Xilin wrote comedies in a delicate and analytical way, and generally did not use the usual sense of exaggeration, let alone resorting to additional jokes. Most of his one act comedies have simple plots, few characters and no major contradictions, but they can grasp the comedy "seed" of the play and form the core plots, such as the lie of Miss Yu in a wasp, the stratagem of tenants in oppression and the unreasonable demand of Wu Taitai in three yuan national currency. The contradiction between Ding Xilin's comedic characters and their comedic characters is the relationship between them. In the plot, it is also full of ups and downs, full of wit, and has a distinct level and rhythm. He also attaches great importance to the ending art of comedy, often adding a stroke unexpectedly after the conflict of the whole play has ended, further strengthening the comic effect. The language of Ding Xilin's comedies is also praised for its humor and playfulness, and his use of comic skills is free and easy, without any trace.

works

Most of Ding Xilin's plays have been put on the stage, especially other one act comedies, which can be regarded as the best works in the field of comedy and represent the achievements of Chinese drama in comedy creation since the May 4th movement. The reason why "Mu", "Ding" and "Xi" are put on the s key, which does not conform to the root rule, is that the software developers want to remember Ding Xilin.

Ding Xilin paid close attention to the shortcomings of Chinese characters, such as difficult to write, difficult to recognize, confused font and inconvenient to find, and often tried to reform in his spare time. Although simplifying the strokes of Chinese characters and reducing the number of common Chinese characters are the main tasks of Chinese character reform, it is also an urgent task to improve the Chinese character checking method. For this reason, he created the "pen shape checking method", according to which he can "see the number of characters and find the characters according to the number", which has been absorbed into the "pen shape coding method of computer Chinese information".

Drama features

(1) The unique concept of drama. He is interested in the mild satire of human feelings and the pursuit of harmony, complementarity and relative rationality.

(2) Love for deception, obscurity and polysemy.

(3) Don't come up with a new structure. The structure of his plays usually adopts the mode of "two elements and three persons".

(4) Witty, concise and humorous dramatic language.

Achievements in Physics

Ding Xilin has directly verified Maxwell's velocity distribution law by hot electron emission experiment; designed a new reversible pendulum to measure the acceleration value of gravity; studied the influence of different air pressure on friction electrification and the general properties of electric network determinant; improved the traditional Chinese musical instrument flute; presided over the establishment of Nanjing geomagnetic station; and studied the "four color problem of map" in his later years. He has made positive contributions to the construction of Department of physics, Academia Sinica and Institute of physics of Peking University. After Cai Yuanpei returned from Europe and became president of Peking University,

Chinese PinYin : Ding Xi Lin