Hong Liangji

Hong Liangji

Hong Liangji (October 17, 1746 to June 24, 1809) was originally named Hong Lian. He was born in Yanghu, Jiangsu Province (now Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and his ancestral home is Shexian County, Anhui Province. He was a minister, Confucian classics scholar and litterateur in the Qing Dynasty and one of the seven sons of piling.

Qianlong 55 years (1790), high school ranking, awarded the Academy editor. He wrote a letter to the Minister of the king of military aircraft to discuss the current situation. He did not want to defend Yili. The next year, Shi returned home and wrote books. At the end of May 12, 1809, he died at the age of 64. The parallel style of literature and industry, with Kong Guangsen side by side, is academically good at public places. Hong Liangji once discussed the harm of excessive population growth, which can be said to be the pioneer of modern population theory.

Profile

Hong Liangji (1746-1809) was born in hongkeng, Shexian County, Anhui Province. In the 37th century, Hong Jing was the magistrate of Datong, Shanxi Province. His son Hong Gongcai married Zhao's daughter in Changzhou, the third daughter of Zhao xiongzhao, the number one scholar in the 48th year of Kangxi. Hong Gongcai was his grandfather and settled in Changzhou.

Hong Liangji was born at Zishi on the third day of September in the eleventh year of Qianlong (October 17, 1746). He lost his father when he was young and studied hard. He is famous for textual research, especially good at geography. He was friendly with Huang Jingren and sun Xingyan in Tongli, and appreciated by Yuan Mei and Jiang Shiquan.

Hong Liang failed in many tests for many years, and successively served as the shogunate of Anhui Xuezheng Zhu Yun and Shaanxi governor Bi Yuan. In 1790, when he was 45 years old, he finally became the second best scholar in the Imperial Academy and became the editor of the National Museum of history. Qianlong 57 years (1792), as shuntianfu with the examiner. Later, he supervised the learning and administration of Guizhou. During his term of office, he purchased books on classics, history, Tongdian and Wenxuan for the academies of Guizhou, which improved the academic level of Guizhou.

In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), he returned to Beijing to serve. On July 30, 1793, Professor Zeng Yichun entered the library. In the third year of Jiaqing (1798), he took the examination of Hanlin and Zhan Shi on the topic of collecting heresy. Hong Liangji wrote several thousand words about domestic and foreign malpractices, which was taboo. He resigned and returned home with his younger brother's funeral.

In the fourth year of Jiaqing period (1799), he took part in the compilation of the record of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty. In the same year, he wrote a letter "begging for leave to be a prince and saying goodbye to him", which angered emperor Jiaqing and sentenced him to death. Hanlin Guiqing was sent to prison to visit him. Later, it was exiled to Ili. One hundred days later, he was released and returned to his native place. From then on, he wrote at home until the end.

He died at home at the end of May 12, the 14th year of Jiaqing (June 24, 1809). On December 24 (January 28, 1810), he was buried in Changzhou.

Literary achievements

Hong Liangji is good at history, geography, rhyme and exegesis, and is good at writing poetry and parallel prose. In Hong Liangji's Bei Jiang Shi Hua, he emphasized "temperament" and "Qi Ge" in his poems. He thought that poetry should "have a different hand and eye, and write one's own temperament". He appreciated Du Mu's original spirit of "being different from Han, Liu, yuan and Bai families" in his poems. He criticized Shen Deqian's Ancient Poetics for "learning from his appearance completely.", But he had already left his spirit first "(Beijiang Shihua, Vol. 4); he criticized Weng Fanggang's poems as" like a doctor's understanding of the classics, suffering without experience "(same as Vol. 1). These are desirable. In addition, most of the comments on the ancient and contemporary poets are also accurate.

Hong Liangji's life is full of famous mountains and rivers, and his footprints are all over Wu, Yue, Chu, Qian, Qin, Jin, Qi, Yu and other places. Therefore, his landscape poems are rich and well constructed. During his banishment to Yili, he wrote Anxi daozhong, 9 Tianshan songs, snow is getting worse when walking to Toutai, and 42 Yili chronicle poems, which are especially characteristic of the scenery outside the Great Wall. The style of the poem is straight and clear, with a peculiar and steep style. His parallel style is high and ancient, and "every article comes out, and the world contends for it" (Yuan Mei's preface to the second collection of Juan Shi Ge Wen), such as the notes on going out of the pass and Bi Shi Lang, the journey to Tiantai Mountain, and the book of Jie Zi, etc., are well-known.

Shu Wei's Qian Jia poetry commentaries once commented on 108 contemporary poetry circles, and compared Hong Liang Ji to "flower monk, reckless and profound" with Liang Shan Bo Heroes: "a reckless monk, suddenly showing a Bodhisattva.". Sixty two Jin iron Chan staff. " Hong Liangji is the author of "volume Shige poetry anthology", "Fu Fuxuan poetry anthology", "gengshengzhai poetry anthology", "Han Wei Yin", "Beijiang poetry anthology" and "spring and autumn Zuozhuan Gu".

Exile creation

In 1799, Hong Liangji, a famous scholar of the Qing Dynasty, wrote a letter about the malpractice of the imperial government. His words were fierce and did not evade the edge, which hurt emperor Jiaqing. Over the past decades, we have been taking ambiguity as knowledge, weakness as a good plan, drilling for business as an enterprising step, and indulgence as a means of serving the officials. All those who have suffered have got what they want and gone. We can't solve the problem by inheriting what we want The scholar bureaucrats are gradually neglecting honesty and disgrace For this reason, Hong Liangji almost lost his head. Fortunately, he was "lenient, free from death, sent to Ili instead, and handed over to general Baoning for strict control.".

This is a great blow to Hong Liangji. But Hong Liangji was able to deal with it calmly and laugh it off. "I've never been idle for half my life, and I've been to the five mountains. But out of the great wall more than ten thousand miles, East, West, North and south to Tianshan. He sang about the mountains and snow all the way, searched for history, praised the beauty of the mountains and waters in the western regions, and recorded the different customs of the frontier fortress. The depth of observation and the detail of description have the vision of a local scholar and the literary talent of a poet. Perhaps, when he wrote these poems, he did not expect to pass them down to the world. However, he left a valuable legacy for later generations to understand the scenery of the western border.

For exiles, poetry is a double-edged sword. Hong Liangji once specially mentioned that when he arrived in Baoding (on the way to exile in Ili), he had just learned that the imperial court sent a letter to the general of Ili saying "no poetry, no drinking". So from the gate and Jiayuguan, where four turns of the day, do not dare to write. After going out of the pass, he walked thousands of miles alone without seeing a single person. He walked through the Tianshan Mountains and the vast sea. He heard of the wonderful scenery, which he had never seen in his life. So he used every stroke of his pen to describe the mountains and rivers. He never dared to touch the rest.

It seems that emperor Jiaqing knew this talent well. "No poetry, no drinking" from the emperor's mouth, is really meaningful. As early as 20 years ago, Emperor Qianlong, who founded the Yili exile, ordered the general of Yili to strictly control the exiled criminals. "If you support Xun and allow him to buy property and get a wife, then he will be in peace. What's the difference with innocence? As long as he was sent, he was not allowed to return to his native place, or write poems, edit slanders, or make trouble, or sneak away!

In February of the next year, Hong Liangji crossed thousands of mountains and rivers and arrived at Huiyuan City, the capital of exile. Huiyuan, the house is a famous haunted house. The former HOS owner was haunted in "huanbixuan", and he was in a bad mood after being demoted and lost his official position, so he died in his own loss. Hong Liangji lived here for a hundred days, but he never went to hell. In fact, he was detached from the world and was not annoyed by his loss. He expressed his love for mountains and rivers, enjoyed flowers and fish, drank wine and wrote poems. He recorded what he saw and heard in his diary in detail. This was not a work of playing for a while, but a continuation of his writing career in his whole life.

He wrote about the mountains and rivers in Ili: "you can never get tired of seeing the mountains with horses' hoofs far away, and all the Li images are floating out of the clouds. A startling stream is as straight as an arrow, flying from east to west

He chanted the wind and rain in Ili: "after all, who drives the Dragon at the bottom of the stream, the high and low rain suddenly disappeared. A thousand year old stone rises from the cliff and presses down the Nanshan Mountain to embrace the pine. "

He chanted the streets and alleys of Yili: "every day the mud washes away the moss, and eight doors open in a spring lane. There's Xiaoxian's way out of Taiwan. Bring the cake from Fang's family. "

He praised Yili Huaguo: "the ancient temple has a square between the East and the West. The snow disappears and the pink walls are exposed. The scenery, the valley and the rain are particularly beautiful, and the apple blossom is delicious. "

Looking at Hong Liangji's Yili poems, we can see that they are not only a work of entertainment, but also a conscious record of Yili's scenery, customs and customs in the form of poetry, which is in the same line with his later one hundred day trip to Yili, Tianshan Hakka. His diary of Ili recorded in detail what he saw on his way to Iraq, while Tianshan Hakka recorded in detail the mountains, products and features of Ili. All these provide valuable information for the later study of the history and geography of Northwest China. Many of his articles are quoted in Xinjiang atlas. Later historians and geographers highly valued Hong Liangji.

One hundred days after Hong Liang's garrison in Iraq, he was pardoned by the emperor. When he left Huiyuan City, "he stepped out of the city and stopped for a hundred times. "A long sword and a short back coat, if you can't bear it, give it up." He came for the loss, but returned with the treasures of the western regions, adding a heavy weight to the balance of his life value.

Chinese PinYin : Hong Liang Ji