Emperor Jin'an

Sima Dezong

Sima Dezong (382 ~ January 28, 419), whose name is ande, is the eldest son of Sima Yao, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, and the mother and brother of Sima Dewen, Emperor Gongdi of Jin Dynasty. The tenth emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

After Sima Dezong ascended the throne, civil strife broke out frequently and the country declined day by day. He was killed by Liu Yu in 419. He was 37 years old.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Sima Dezong was born in 382, the seventh year of the Taiyuan Dynasty. He was the eldest son of Sima Yao, Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty, and his mother was Chen guinu (later named empress dowager). On August 16, 387, Sima Dezong was appointed prince.

Ascend the throne

On September 6, 396, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty died. On September 7, 396, Prince Sima Dezong succeeded to the throne. In the first month of the next year, his name was changed to Long'an, and Emperor shenai (Wang Xizhi's granddaughter) was made queen. An Di is stupid and not good at speaking. According to the tenth book of Jin, he can't even distinguish between winter and summer. Therefore, after emperor an succeeded to the throne, the power of the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty declined greatly. Many generals outside the court actually stood on their own and were not ordered by the monarch, and the power inside the court also fell into the hands of the ministers. In the early days of emperor an, the policy of the imperial court was mainly presided over by Sima Daozi, king of Kuaiji, and his son Sima Yuanxian.

In 397, Wang Gong, the governor of Yanzhou, and Yu Kai, the governor of Yuzhou, led a rebellion because they were dissatisfied with Wang Guobao, the minister's left servant. The next year, Wang Gong and Yu Kai conspired again with Yin Zhongkan, the assassin of Jingzhou, and Huan Xuan, the assassin of Guangzhou. At the same time, sun en's rebels were numerous in Zhejiang and Jiangsu. In 400 AD, sun en attacked Kuaiji. In 401, he attacked Jiakou, Linhai and Guangling. The Jin army was defeated many times. In 402, sun en's rebels even threatened Jiankang directly. Jiankang was besieged and famine broke out in the city. Later sun en was defeated and died. In the same year, Huan Xuan attacked Jiankang from Jiangling, killed Sima Daozi and Yuanxian, and made himself prime minister and Taiwei. From then on, he became the ruler of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the autumn of the same year, he called himself king of Chu and general. Finally, he usurped the throne and became emperor on January 1, 404, changed the name of the state to Chu, and demoted emperor an to King Pinggu.

On January 19, 404, Emperor an was moved to Xunyang. On March 24, Liu Yu raised his troops to attack Huan Xuan, who was defeated. Huan Xuan fled to Jiangling with emperor an. On June 19 (may Renwu), Huan Xuan was killed and Emperor an was restored. On June 26, Huan Zhen, general of Huan Xuan, captured Jiangling, and Emperor an was captured. It was not until March 2, 405 (the first month of Garrison) that emperor an left the hands of the rebels. Huan Xuan's rebellion finally destroyed the imperial power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Liu Yu became an important figure in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Song Dynasty. In 409, Liu Yu began the northern expedition, attacked Nanyan and won many battles. In 410, he captured murongchao, the emperor of Nanyan, destroyed Nanyan and occupied Shandong. But at the same time, Lu Xun, the governor of Guangzhou, took the opportunity of Liu Yu's Northern Expedition and made his way to Jiankang. In 410, Xia Jiankang was under martial law again. After Liu Yu's headteacher went south, he solved the crisis of Jiankang. In 411, Lu Xun was assassinated by Du Huidu in Jiaozhou.

Since 412, Liu Yu has been in charge of the imperial court. He excluded and persecuted the ministers who disagreed with him. In 415, Sima Xiu, the governor of Jingzhou, and Lu Zongzhi, the governor of Yongzhou, fought against Liu Yu, but Liu Yu was defeated. In 417, Liu Yu made another Northern Expedition and entered Chang'an. In 418, Liu Yu was appointed prime minister and Duke of Song Dynasty.

Death

On December 28, 419, Emperor an of Jin Dynasty died in Dongtang at the age of 37. After his death, his younger brother Sima Dewen succeeded to the throne as emperor Gongdi of Jin Dynasty and changed to Yuanxi of Yuan Dynasty. On the day of Gengshen in the first month of the first year of Yuanxi (419), Emperor Jin'an was buried in Xiuping mausoleum, which is located in Jiangshan, Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province.

Year in office

Long'an: 397-401.

Daheng: 403-402.

Yixi: 405-419.

Chronology of Events

Sima Dezong was born in 382.

In 387, Sima Dezong was appointed prince.

In 396, Emperor Xiaowu died and Sima Dezong succeeded him.

In the first year of Long'an (397), Lu Guang, the leader of the Later Liang state, established Nanliang.

In the second year of Long'an (398), Wang Gong, Yu Kai, Yin Zhongkan, Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi raised their troops to revolt against Jin Dynasty, and Huan xuantui became the leader of the rebel army.

In the third year of Long'an (399), Emperor Jin'an respected his mother Chen guinu as empress dowager.

In the fourth year of Long'an (400), Li Lingrong, the grandmother of Jin'an emperor, died.

In the fifth year of Long'an (401), Mengxun killed duanye in Juqu, named himself governor of Dadu and herdsman of beiliangzhou, and formally established Beiliang regime.

In the first year of Daheng (402), the general Sima Yuanxian was the general of Hushi and the governor of the expedition. The General Liu Guzhi of Zhenbei was the forward. The former general and Sima Shangzhi of qiaowang were the rear to attack Huan Xuan. Huan Xuan defeated his army in Gushu, and Sima Shangzhi, king of Qiao, and Sima Rouzhi, king of Qi, were killed by Huan Xuan.

In August 403, Huan Xuan called himself prime minister and king of Chu.

On the day of Renchen in December of the second year of Daheng (January 1, 404), Huan Xuan usurped the throne, changed the name of the state to Chu, called Huan Chu in history, and demoted Jin'an emperor to King Pinggu.

In the first year of Jianshi (404), Jianwu General Liu Yu led peiguo Liu Yi, Donghai he Wuji and other righteous soldiers to attack Huan Xuan, killed Huan Xuan's Department, including Xuzhou governor Huan Xiu, Qingzhou governor Huan Hong, Wu Fuzhi, huangfufu and so on, greatly defeated Huan Xuan's army.

In the first year of the reign of Yixi (405), Sima Xiu, a guerrilla general and king of Zhangwu, conspired against Sima GUI, a governor of Yizhou, and was defeated and killed.

In the second year of Yixi (406), Sima Rongqi, the governor of Yizhou, defeated Qiao Ziming, the general of the Western Chu regime in Baidi.

In the third year of Yixi (407), Liu Yu killed Yin Zhongwen, the governor of Dongyang, Yin Shuwen, the captain of Nanman, Yin daoshu, the governor of Jinling, Luo Qiu, the governor of Yongjia, and others.

In the fourth year of Yixi reign (408), Yang Siping, the governor of Liangzhou, was found guilty and abandoned (a kind of criminal law in which prisoners were executed in the downtown and exposed to the streets).

In 409, General Liu Yu was defeated by Murong Chao in Linqu; the Western Qin Dynasty was restored; Feng Ba killed Gao Yun; and Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was killed by Zi Tuoba Shao.

In 410, the Eastern Jin Dynasty destroyed Nanyan.

In 411, the right general Liu Fan killed the rebel Xu Daofu in Shixing and passed his head to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

In 412, the eighth year of the reign of emperor Yixi, Wang shenai, Queen of emperor Jin An, died.

In 413, the Jin General Zhu Lingshi conquered Chengdu and killed Qiao Zong, the leader of the anti Jin rebel army.

In the 10th year of Yixi reign (414), the Western Qin Dynasty destroyed Nanliang.

In 415, Liu Yu fought with Sima Xiu in Jiangjin. Sima Xiu was defeated and fled to Xiangyang.

In the 12th year of Yixi (416), Liu Yu and Sima Dewen, the king of Langxie, led the army to attack Yao Hong.

In the 13th year of the reign of Yixi (417), Liu Yu made a northern expedition and occupied Chang'an, the capital city of the Qin Dynasty.

On December 28, 419, Emperor an of Jin Dynasty was killed.

Historical evaluation

In the book of Jin by Fang Xuanling and others, there are four points: (1) when Emperor an ascended the throne, on the day of Zhong Wuwang, Daozi and Yuanxian were both in power, and the officials were in chaos. Although there is a hand holding the military command, the heart of the old country, looking back on the ungrateful, suddenly Yan Xiao San. So Huan Xuan took the chance to fight, and the potential exceeded the wind, and the six divisions disappeared, and only Ma Jian moved. The Song Dynasty was the Prime Minister of SARS, and sun en was the culprit of Jin Xing. If the world is subverted, then gonghuang is very serious. Yu Yue's people, Xundan acupoint, Kuaiji's partner, rather sigh people minister. Go to the emperor's house and come back, sprinkle Dan Shu but don't hate. Five Yun you ge husband, three micro number, still high autumn withered wait, reason of nature. If you look at it, you will be able to make progress. " (2) "an Cheng Liu Zhu, the great thief Si Zhang. Respect is life, others are the key. Still exist Zhou Nan, the first to establish the king of Huai. If you respect false names, you will die with different skills. "

member of family

parent

Father: Sima Yao, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty.

Mother: Chen guinv, Empress Dowager Zun ande.

brothers and sisters

Sima Dewen: Emperor Gong of Jin Dynasty.

Jinling Princess: married Xie an's grandson, Xie Yan's son, Xie Hun.

Princess Poyang: married to Wang Gu, the great grandson of Wang Dao.

Empress

Wang shenai: Queen Anxi, granddaughter of Wang Xizhi and daughter of Wang Xianzhi.

On the cause of death

As for the cause of Jin'an emperor's death, although there are some differences in the historical books, Liu Yu ordered Wang Shaozhi to kill him.

According to the book of Jin, it was said at the beginning that there were two emperors after Changming. In order to usurp the power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Yu ordered Wang Shaozhi to strangle the Jin'an emperor and set Sima Dewen as the emperor to answer the prophecy.

According to the southern history, Liu Yu ordered Wang Shaozhi and Jin'an emperor to poison him to death.

According to Zizhitongjian, Liu Yu, because of the prophecy that "there are still two emperors after Changming", ordered Wang Shaozhi, the Minister of Zhongshu, to conspire with Jin'an to poison Jin'an, and established Sima Dewen, the younger brother of Jin'an. Sima Devon stayed with emperor an all the time, eating and sleeping, and never left. Later, Sima Devon got sick and moved to live outside the palace. On the day of Wuyin in the 14th year of Yixi (January 28, 419), Wang Shaozhi strangled Jin'an emperor with his clothes in Dongtang.

Idiot Emperor

According to an Di Ji in the book of Jin, "the emperor does not benefit. He is young and long, and can't speak. Although the cold and heat change, there is no way to argue.". Whatever you do is not your own.

"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" states that "an Di was young but not wise, he could not speak, and he could not distinguish between hunger and satiety in summer and cold, so he had to eat and sleep.".

From small to large, from life to death, Jin'an emperor did not say

Chinese PinYin : Jin An Di