Sun Jiagan

Sun Jiagan

Sun Jiagan (1683-1753), known as Xigong and yizhai, was born in Xingxian County, Shanxi Province. After the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, he was famous for his outspoken admonition.

Sun Jiagan's family was poor in his childhood. In 1713, sun Jiagan passed the imperial examination and entered the official career. At the beginning, he served as a small official of Imperial Academy, such as shujishi, Zizi, shuntianfu Yin, Shilang of the Ministry of labor, Shilang of the Ministry of punishment, Shilang of the Ministry of official, zuodu Yushi of duchayuan, Shangshu of the Ministry of punishment, Shangshu of the Ministry of official, governor of Zhili, Fu Cheng of zongrenfu, Shangshu of the Ministry of labor, assistant bachelor, etc.

In December 1753, sun Jiagan died at the age of 71. His posthumous title was wending.

Life of the characters

A new official career

Sun Jiagan's family was poor in his early years. In 1713, sun Jiagan passed the imperial examination and entered the official career. He was a good scholar, and later served as a member of the Imperial Academy.

Dare to speak out

Emperor Yongzheng was moody. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, the ministers did not dare to speak out. Sun Jiagan first suggested that he "get close to his brothers, stop accepting donations, and withdraw troops from the northwest.". Sun Jiagan's Shangshu was suspected of innuendo. Emperor Yongzheng was furious when he heard about it, and denounced the master of Hanlin Academy. At that time, Zhu Shi, an assistant minister, said tactfully, "although sun Jiagan is arrogant, I admire his courage." Emperor Yongzheng pondered for a while, laughed and said, "I also admire his courage." Emperor Yongzheng immediately summoned sun Jiagan and promoted him to the post of secretary of Guozijian.

In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), sun Jiagan served as the emperor's supervisor. In the first month of 1728, he acted as Yin of shuntianfu. During this period, sun Jiagan's father died and went back to his hometown to watch the funeral. Before the deadline was over, he was asked to return to Beijing to serve as the Minister of the Ministry of industry, and still served as Yin and Guozijian of shuntianfu.

New emperor reuse

In August 1735, Emperor Yongzheng died and the new Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne. In September, sun Jiagan served as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. In November, he served as the censor of zuodou in the capital inspection court, and still served as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. Once again, he went to Shanghai to discuss the monarch's "three practices and one malpractice" and admonished the emperor. When Emperor Qianlong saw his memorial, he appreciated sun Jiagan very much, and sun Jiagan was promoted to minister of punishment.

Sun Jiagan was able to handle the case impartially when he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of punishment. In Zhengzhou, Henan Province, there was a case of unjust imprisonment. The emperor once sent Imperial Envoys to investigate it, but the result was not satisfactory. Emperor Qianlong ordered sun Jiagan to try the case. Sun Jiagan tried all the grievances of more than ten people involved in the case and returned justice to the people.

In April of 1738, sun Jiagan was promoted to minister of the Ministry of officials and still concurrently Minister of the Ministry of punishment. In September, Li Wei, governor of Zhili, impeached Zhu Zao of being corrupt and neglecting his work. The emperor ordered sun Jiagan and Shang shuna to hear the case. After investigation, Zhu Zao was punished according to law.

Care for the people

In October 1738, sun Jiagan was appointed governor of Zhili.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in order to meet the needs of people's food ration, strict laws were issued to prohibit folk wine making. There are a lot of people in different places who have committed crimes by making illicit wine. After sun Jiagan was appointed governor of Zhili, after investigation, he went to the imperial court and pointed out that only sorghum, rice bran and soybean bran were used as raw materials for brewing Shaojiu, which did not affect people's livelihood and was beneficial to people's livelihood. If we blindly prohibit people from making wine, it is not conducive to people's livelihood. The Qing government accepted his suggestion and lifted the ban on folk wine making. This is of great benefit to stimulating folk handicraft production and improving people's life.

Water conservancy construction

In 1739, sun Jiagan was also in charge of Zhili River affairs in Zhili area. Sun Jiagan first proposed to harness Yongding River. It is suggested that more grass dams should be built above and below the Jinmen sluice to gradually restore the river channel.

In the same year, sun Jiagan and Gu Cong went to Tianjin to investigate the river course, the confluence of rivers and the way to the sea. After that, he went to the imperial court, and in his book, he thought that "Tianjin is an important place to enter the sea after the confluence of the north and South canals and the Dianshe river. It is suggested that the diversion River should be excavated in Duliu town of Jinghai County to prevent long-term siltation, which is the key to the downstream water control."

In September of the fifth year of Qianlong's reign (1740), he stated the specific measures for the comprehensive management of Yongding River, Ziya River, South Canal, North Canal and dongbaiyang Lake in Zhili, which was approved by the emperor and awarded to sun Jiagan. After the memorial was presented, Gao Bin, governor of Jiangnan River, came to Beijing and passed by Zhili. Emperor Qianlong ordered Gao Bin to deal with Zhili River affairs together with sun Jiagan. After a stage of restoration and rectification, the Yongding River is unblocked, and then the dikes in the suburbs of Baoding are strengthened, which improves the ability to resist disasters and alleviates the hardships of the people.

Character's old age

In August 1741, sun Jiagan was transferred from Zhili governor to Huguang governor. In 1743, sun Jiagan was dismissed for his improper handling of the Xie Jishi case. In 1744, sun Jiagan was the Prime Minister of the Zongren government. In the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), he served as the left Deputy censor of duchayuan. In 1747, sun Jiagan begged for retirement in his old age and was approved.

Two years later, sun Jiagan returned to Beijing and went on duty to study. In the first month of the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), he served as the Minister of the Ministry of war. In August of the same year, he was promoted to the Minister of the Ministry of industry. Soon afterwards, he acted as the head of the Imperial Academy. In 1752, sun Jiagan was appointed the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs and the assistant bachelor.

In December 1753, sun Jiagan died at the age of 71, and his posthumous title was "wending".

Main achievements

Sun Jiagan is famous for his courage to give advice. At the beginning of Emperor Qianlong's accession to the throne, he wrote three practices and one malpractice book, which was known as "the first memorial in Qing Dynasty".

During his term as governor of Zhili, sun Jiagan was aware of the sufferings of the people. He was mainly committed to lifting the ban on liquor making, and asked to amend and adjust the relevant laws and regulations, stabilize people's livelihood, build water conservancy, harness rivers, and develop production.

personal works

Chunqiu Yi, Nanhua Tong, Shiyi compromise, Zhouyi Shuyi, Sicheng course, jinsilu Jiyao, Chengjun handout, Shichu, and journey to the south.

Historical records

The history of the Qing Dynasty: biography of sun Jiagan

Anecdotes and allusions

Don't love money

When he was in charge of offering sacrifices to the emperor, the emperor was not satisfied with the teaching of song Hao and Fang congren, while sun Jiagan insisted that they were competent. Emperor Yongzheng asked him, and sun Jiagan went on to preach that Xi fangcongren did not call him his duty. Emperor Yongzheng was so angry that he denounced sun Jiagan for deceiving him. He ordered sun Jiagan to be dismissed from his post and handed over to the Ministry of punishment for conviction. Emperor Yongzheng said to his ministers, "sun Jiagan is too naive, but he doesn't love money." His punishment was changed to the effect of being sent to the Bank of the Ministry of accounts. At that time, Prince Guo Yunli, who was also in charge of the household department, went to investigate in person. He learned that he had no complaints and that the accounts he was in charge of were exactly the same. So he wrote a report according to the facts, and sun Jiagan was reappointed. In 1732, he was transferred to serve as the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, and later concurrently served as the Minister of the Ministry of officials.

Before returning home from the capital to Xingxian, sun Jiagan thought that he had never embezzled in his whole life and had not saved a few money. Now he returned to his hometown with a poor appearance. When he was ridiculed by the local gentry, he also humiliated the imperial court. For a long time, he asked his servant to buy more than ten heavy wooden cases overnight, and filled them with bricks by himself. The next day, the baggage set out for home. Unexpectedly, the emperor was reported that sun Jiagan was also a corrupt official because he brought several mule carts with him when he returned home. As a result, sun Jiagan was inspected on the way. As soon as this matter was reported, the emperor was very moved. He ordered the government along the way to replace the bricks in sun Jiagan's box with real gold and silver, which was a great reward to him.

Care for the people

During his term as governor of Zhili, sun Jiagan was very concerned about the sufferings of the people. A man named Jiao Tao was falsely accused of being a "leader of a cult" and was taken away by the government. Under the severe punishment of extorting confessions, Jiao not only was sentenced to death, but also involved hundreds of innocent civilians. Serious cases of human life must be reviewed by the governor in accordance with the law. Sun Jiagan carefully looked up the file and listened to the confession. He found flaws in it and clarified Jiao Tao's injustice. He also cleared hundreds of innocent people.

Ji huairang, a villager in Jinzhou, accidentally spilled bean juice on himself while eating, and his clothes were dyed red. It happened that a child was killed in the village. The arresting officer insisted that he was the murderer and caught the county government. Ji huairang couldn't bear the torture and was forced to confess, so he was wrongly sentenced to death. On the day of execution, Chen Hao, the governor of Zhengding County, reported his grievances. After sun Jiagan personally tried the case, Ji huairang's grievances were redressed and the wrong case was corrected.

Family members

Grandfather: Sun Shilong, a Gongsheng, was an official in Chongren County of Jiangxi Province. He presented it to doctor Guanglu.

Father: sun Tianxiu, who was born, presented to doctor Guanglu.

Mother: the original Li family; the successor yuan family.

Brother: sun Zhenggan, died early.

Brother Zhong: sun honggan, a Jinshi, was an official of Gongan County in Hubei Province. He wrote the commentary on Zhuangzi's inner chapters.

Younger brother: Sun Yanggan, Jinshi.

Son: Sun Xiaoyu, once the head of the Ministry of punishment, was an official in Zhili.

Son: sun Xiaoze, the official to Zhili Tianjin Office.

Sun: Sun Zhu, official to Henan salt ambassador; sun Luan, official to Henan yuanwailang; sun Yong, Jiansheng.

Character evaluation

Yongzheng emperor commented: "since I succeeded to the throne, sun Jiagan is the only one who dare to speak out."

"Qing history draft" evaluation: "Jia Gan Ge Er, Chen Shan closed evil, once promoted the name of Shu."

Chinese PinYin : Sun Jia Gan