dai shulun

dai shulun

Dai shulun (about 732-789), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Jintan District of Runzhou City, Jiangsu Province. When he was young, his teacher was Xiao Yingshi. He once served as the new city order, Dongyang order, Fuzhou governor, and Rongguan economic envoy. In his later years, he invited himself to be a Taoist. Most of his poems express the reclusive life and leisurely mood, but women's farm trip and tuntian CI also reflect the hardship of people's life. On poetry, he advocated that "the scenery of a poet, such as the warm day in Lantian and the smoke in Liangyu, can be expected but can not be placed in front of his eyebrows.". All the styles of his poems are involved. The two volumes of poems are mostly mixed with the works of song, yuan and Ming Dynasty, which need to be carefully identified.

brief introduction

Dai shulun (about 732-789) is a famous poet in the middle of Tang Dynasty. He was born in a hermit family. His grandfather Dai Xiuyu and his father Dai Minyong were all scholars who lived in seclusion for life. When Dai shulun was young, he worshipped the famous scholar Xiao Yingshi as his teacher. He was well-known and intelligent. He was an outstanding student of the Xiaomen school. At the end of Yuanzai (756), Dai shulun, who was about 25 years old, fled to Poyang, Jiangxi Province on a merchant ship with his relatives in order to avoid the military chaos of Yongwang. In a strange land where he lived, his family was in a dilemma, so he began to explore his official career. In the first year of Dali (766), Dai shulun was appreciated by Liu Yan, the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, who served under his curtain. In the third year of Dali (769), Liu Yan recommended him to stay in Hunan Province. Since then, he has served as governor Fu of Fuzhou, governor of Fuzhou, governor of Rongzhou of Guangxi, governor Zhongcheng of jiayushi, and governor of Rongguan. He was an outstanding local official in his term of office. In the fifth year of the reign of emperor Zhenyuan (around 789), he resigned from his official post and returned to seclusion. On his way back home, he died in Qingyuan Gorge (now North of Chengdu, Sichuan). Later, he was buried in the southern suburb of xiaonanmenwai County, Jintan. In 1618, in order to dredge the Caohe River in the city, Zhang Hanzhong, the magistrate of Jintan County, moved his cemetery to Gaopo in the southern suburb (in front of the south wall of today's Nanmen flour mill), and personally inscribed the tombstone of "Shibo Yetai", which means "Tomb of the great poet".

Main story

Dai shulun's grandfather Dai Xiuyu and his father Dai Minyong have been hermits all their lives, but they do not want to be officials. But in the generation of Dai shulun, he and his brother Dai Bolun began to be officials. His elder brother is a county magistrate. Xin Wenfang of Yuan Dynasty said that Dai shulun was a Jinshi in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (805 A.D.) in his biography of talented scholars of Tang Dynasty. In the "epitaph" written by Quan Deyu in Tang Dynasty for Dai shulun, it is said that Dai shulun died around the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789 A.D.) at the age of 58. However, the exact date of Dai shulun's birth and death is not available, so we can only say that his birth and death date is about 732-789. In 805 ad, Dai shulun had been dead for about 17 years, so it was impossible for him to become a Jinshi. Presumably, Xin Wenfang had never seen the epitaph written by Quan Deyu for Dai shulun, so he made a blind guess. It is estimated that Dai shulun should have been a Jinshi in the second year of Zhide (757 AD), when he was about 26 years old, and the "an / Shi rebellion" had just subsided. Before the "an Shi rebellion" subsided, Dai shulun studied with Xiao Yingshi, a famous scholar at that time, and went to Poyang for a few years to avoid the rebellion. When he was about thirty-two years old, Liu Yan, Minister of the Ministry of official and salt and iron transport envoy, admired him very much. He recommended Dai shulun to the imperial court as the Secretary of Jiupin, and called him to work in his own shogunate. The transportation of salt and iron is actually responsible for the transportation of national salt and grain. At that time, Liu Yan was responsible for the transportation of salt and iron in Hunan, and Dai shulun was his right-hand man. Once, Dai shulun escorted Qian Liang to pass by yun'an, Sichuan Province, when Yang Zilin, a rebel, conspired to hijack Dai shulun, and threatened him to say, "give me the money, and I will save you from death." Our Lord Dai would rather die than surrender. He said, "you can kill yourself / you can't seize money." Yang Zilin had no choice but to let him go. As a result, Dai shulun became the censor of eight grades. At the age of 50, he was promoted to the rank of seven in Dongyang county. During the period of Ren Xian Ling, due to his outstanding achievements, he was awarded the title of Dali Secretary Zhi who was a member of liupin. When he was about 52 years old, he was promoted to the official rank of shiyushi. When he was about 53 years old, he was appointed as the governor of Fuzhou. In the same year, he became a full-time official and was awarded jinzifu He became the Baron of Qiao County.

Dai shulun's poems, since Tang Dynasty's Gao Zhongwu said he was "slightly soft in bone", were also said by Qing Dynasty's Ji Xiaolan, Weng Fanggang, Qiao Yi and others that he was "not strong enough" or "soft in skin". I don't think so, because it's impossible for a poem full of indifference to make its eyes wide open or sonorous. Vigorous and indifference are originally a pair of contradictions. It's necessary to have both of them, which is the requirement of Hun Qiu er. Moreover, Ji Xiaolan and Weng Fanggang are such temperaments and characters - they are high-ranking officials who are desperate to join the world. Naturally, what they write is "enterprising" and "struggling" and strong.

Dai shulun didn't want to be brave. Even when he was recommended by Liu Yan to be the Secretary of Jiupin in his early 30s, he still expressed his tranquil feelings of "savage without original intention / scattered wood as talent". When he was promoted to the rank of imperial censor, he was tired of his official career. Poems such as "it's a disease to be well-known for a long time, I dare not embroider it as a garment" and "I'm tired of being well-known because I've worked hard in a dreamland / I'm tired of being well-known because I've learned from Zen Buddhism" can show his mind to retreat bravely. It is said that before he became an official, he was half hidden in the small Tiantai Mountain, often associated with people from other places, and even studied the book of changes, intending to seek immortals to learn Taoism.

In fact, Dai shulun has his own view of poetry. He once said, "the scenery of a poet is like the warm day in Lantian and the smoke in Liangyu, which is expected but not placed in front of his eyebrows." Lantian, a place in Shaanxi Province, is famous for its rich jade. But before the jade is mined and processed, it looks like a broken stone. Naturally, it can't be seen in front of your eyes. Instead of looking at a broken stone in front of your eyes, it's better to see its hazy light when it's shining in the mountains. To make this sentence more clear is to say that "poetry is expensive and hazy". Of course, this sentence may also have another direction -- the relationship between poets and poetry, because the original meaning of "Lantian Shengyu" refers to "only Lantian can produce beautiful jade". In other words, only good poets can produce good poems. A good poet may not be able to reach you and become a good friend or a good person. Once you are close to a poet, you are familiar with him, you have no sense of mystery, and you have no sense of happiness I must have started to hate him. If we find out that he has burping, farting, bad breath and underarm odor, the image of the beautiful poet in the past will be completely ruined. A few years ago, I went to Guizhou on a business trip. By the way, I went to Guizhou Agricultural University to pay a visit to Zheng Shanyi, a poet I had a good impression on. When I met him, I was surprised to hear that he was emitting a strong stink, so I never wanted to see his people and poems again.

It is estimated that Dai shulun will not have a bad smell. Even if he does, he knows to stay away from others and make a good impression. He let people see his poems from afar, and he wrote them from afar----

Every year on the five lakes, I am tired of seeing the spring of the five lakes. If you are drunk for a long time, you will not be poor.

Mountains and rivers lost in the road, ELO trapped in the dust. Today's boat farewell, all for the sea.

Since Tang Dynasty's Gao Zhongwu, the commentators of song, yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have generally recognized his five rhythms. The six Dai poems selected in Zhongxing Jianqi Ji are all five rhythms. The seven poems of Dai selected by Yao he of Tang Dynasty in Ji Xuan Ji are not five rhythms and only one. Cai Tiaoji, compiled by Wei Zhen in Tang Dynasty, selected four poems by Dai, three of which are five rhythms. In fact, from the early Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty, five rhythms have always been the mainstream poetry style in the poetry world. Even the "provincial poetry" is also a twelve sentence five character style. Therefore, most poets have made great efforts in the writing of five character poetry, and Dai shulun is not the only one who is good at five rhythms or five character style. There is a situation that needs to be specially explained, that is, there are a lot of poems under the name of Dai shulun, which are fake and uncertain. There are 304 poems written by Dai shulun in the whole Tang poetry, which is based on the movable type poetry anthology of Tang people in Ming Dynasty, the poetry anthology of Tang hundred families by Zhu police, the poetry anthology of Tang yintongjian by Hu Zhenheng, and the poetry anthology of Tang hundred famous families compiled by Xi Qiyu during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. In the 1980s, Mr. Jiang Yin of the Institute of literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences tentatively concluded 184 poems that can be believed to be Dai's works,

56 of them can be identified as fake, while 64 of them are still prepared for examination. The reason why the number of Dai Shi's fake and uncertain works is very high is that after the frequent wars in the song / Yuan Dynasty, all kinds of anthologies were burned and scattered seriously. After the Ming Dynasty, the private library printed books were basically copied and pieced together. Many poems were even written by people after the Tang Dynasty, so there is still a lot of textual research work to do. In the Song Dynasty, more than 400 years later, there was a poet named Dai fugu, whose name rang through the southeast half of the country. For nearly 50 years, he was the descendant of Dai shulun. If I compare their poems, I prefer Dai Fugu's, and I often take his antithetical verses to write couplets and present them to friends, such as "the heart is wide and forgetting the ground is narrow / the pavilion is small and there are many mountains", "I don't want to see people busy in the world with my sleeve hands", "I'm as calm as water / everything is like chess, but I can't get high", "the chrysanthemum flowers are still regretful when I die / the autumn leaves are red, I can't bear to watch", "I hate the mountains when I can't move / I hate the vulgar guests when I go back ”Wait.

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About Dai shulun

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