Zhuang yunkuan

Zhuang yunkuan

Zhuang yunkuan (1866-1932), a native of Changzhou, was named Wuyang Jushi in his later years. In 1890, he served successively as the lecturer of Xunyang academy, the Tongzhi of Baise hall, the magistrate of Wuzhou Prefecture, the Beidao of Taiping sishunbing, and the frontier defense supervisor of Longzhou, Guangxi. He successively set up Wucheng school in Pingnan, Wubei school and chuangwuzhou middle school in Guangzhou, women's school and Book Club in Longzhou, and invited Niu Yongjian and Cai E to Guilin to co organize the army cadre school. After the revolution of 1911, he served as the governor of Jiangsu Province, and then as the president of the audit institute in Beijing for 12 years. During this period, he was one of the early leaders of the Palace Museum, and made outstanding contributions to preventing warlords from stealing cultural relics. After the northern expedition, Huili was the chief editor of Jiangsu Tongzhi until his death in 1932.

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Zhuang yunkuan (1866-1932), a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, was named Baohong (1866-1932). Modern Chinese statesman and calligrapher.

Zhuang is a special historical figure in the transition period of modern China. His life has gone through two times and four periods. In 1891, he was the vice-president of Xunzhou academy, and later the president of Xunzhou Shushan. In 1895, he distributed his knowledge to Guangxi, Baise Prefecture, Pingnan County, Guangdong military academy general Office (the predecessor of Huangpu Military Academy), Guangdong standing army commander, Wuzhou Prefecture, Taiping Sishun Bing Bei Dao, Longzhou border supervision. It's the second grade. Especially before and after the revolution of 1911, Nanjing National Government (director of the board of directors of the Palace Museum, director of the board of directors, vice president of the maintenance Committee of the librarian, and one of the outstanding leaders of the early Palace Museum) made its own unique contributions Contribution.

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, officials, calligraphers and painters were good at poetry and couplets. Not only is he an official, but also his calligraphy and painting are extraordinary.

Life experience

When Zhuang yunkuan was in Guangxi, he built Guangxi with martial arts. Zeng Rujing, Niu Yongjian, Cai E and Li Shucheng were invited to set up the law and politics school and the army cadre school, and Li Jishen and others were selected to go to the Military Academy for further study, covering the revolutionary activities of Huang Xing and others in Guangxi. After five years in Guangxi, the business and academic circles, Lu Rongting and all other frontier officers and soldiers,

He spontaneously erected two monuments for Zhuang yunkuan. After the founding of the Republic of China, he served as the temporary governor of Jiangsu Province and did a lot of work to maintain the new regime and social stability. During the period of Beiyang government, he served as Minister of dusu and President of audit institute. He has dealt with the corruption and bribery case of Wang Zhixin, vice president of the capital Tong, and the corruption and fraud case of Zhao Qinghua, director of Jinpu Road Bureau, in the case of five road grand ginseng, which has national influence. He is also one of the founders of the Palace Museum. On October 10, 1925, the National Palace Museum held an opening ceremony in the Qianqing palace. He served as chairman. On the other day, Beijing was full of people, and ordinary people entered the imperial family, which had a great influence. In order to protect the national treasure of the Forbidden City, he borrowed 30000 yuan from foreign banks in his own name, calming down the wave of wage demanding workers; mediated with all parties, prevented the Zhilu allied forces from entering the Forbidden City; in order to prevent the loss of the national treasure, he publicly announced his Enlightenment to the press, asked to organize an inventory, and prevented the Beiyang government from handling the handover in a simple way. In 1928, he returned to Jiangsu as the chief editor of the editorial board of Jiangsu Tongzhi. After three years, he failed because of the shortage of funds.

Anti yuan Yingxiong

Zhuang yunkuan took advantage of the opportunity that he went to Japan with the Qing government delegation to attend the coronation ceremony of the emperor in 1907 and went to Japan as a special commissioner of the Army Department of the Qing government in 1908 to have extensive contact with the alliance members. Niu Yongjian introduced him to join the alliance secretly. Several groups of students from military academies studying in Japan were recruited to Guangxi Wubei Academy (the predecessor of Huangpu Military Academy) and Guangxi border guards. Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang guangnai, Liu hore, Huang Shaohong, etc. were trained. Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi were all his students. It established their important position in modern military history.

After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat Sen went to Nanjing as president. Zhang Jian, Tang Shouqian and Zhao Fengchang, the great figures at that time, thought that Cheng Dequan was no longer suitable to be appointed as the governor of Jiangsu Province. They unanimously recommended Zhuang yunkuan as the governor. Sun Yat Sen and Huang Xing also agreed. They specially invited Zhuang yunkuan to take the same train to Nanjing and immediately appointed Zhuang yunkuan as the governor of Jiangsu Province to assist sun and Huang Zuoli in military and political affairs. Soon Yuan Shikai took over as president. As a representative of the southern government, Zhuang yunkuan successively served in Beijing as the president of dusu government, the president of audit and the president of Pingzheng, and the official to the cabinet minister.

In 1915, Yuan Shikai became emperor. Among the 60 members of the Jordanian Council, 59 expressed their support. Only Zhuang yunkuan, who had made great contributions to overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, rose up and risked his life to ask Xu Shichang to send an open letter on his behalf, lamenting that the monarchy could not be done, the public opinion could not be deceived, and the trend of the times could not be reversed. Yuan Shikai was furious when he openly proposed to cancel the year of Hong Xian and the preparatory office for the ceremony. As a result, Zhuang yunkuan is famous all over the world for his bravery of power.

On October 10, 1925, the National Palace Museum was established. Zhuang yunkuan was honored as the chairman of the Palace Museum because of his high reputation and his great virtue. A grand opening ceremony was held in Qianqing palace. Zhuang yunkuan is a director, director, librarian and Vice-President of the board of directors of the Palace Museum. He is one of the founders and leaders of the early Palace Museum. (source: evaluation of the Palace Museum)

Audit career

Walking into the second floor of the China audit Museum, you can see a thin, elegant and kind-hearted old man hiding his thoughts in his humble office. This is the reappearance of Zhuang yunkuan's office scene, who was the president of the audit institute of the Republic of China.

Zhuang yunkuan is incorruptible. From April 1916 to February 1927, when Zhuang yunkuan was the president of the audit institute, due to the extreme financial distress, it was difficult for all departments to pay wages. Although officials at all levels of the audit institute are often not paid for the whole month, they still insist on their work. Once in a while, Zhuang yunkuan began to pay out some money from low-level officials, and went up step by step. Because the amount was very small, when he paid it to himself, there was very little left, and he had no complaints about it. Due to Zhuang yunkuan's hard work and leading by example, inspired by his personality charm, staff at all levels "appreciate his virtue and never follow him even though he has no reserve for promotion."

He attaches great importance to the supervision of audit officials and does not protect their weaknesses. When auditing the expenditure calculation of the Ministry of communications in May 1922, the audit institute found that 29 people from various departments and institutes were paid part-time wages in the Ministry of communications, totaling 2363 yuan 0.9%. This expenditure violated the government's stipulation that part-time jobs should not be paid part-time. Among the 29 people, there was one accounting officer of the audit institute, who also served as an intern of the Ministry of communications for one month and received a salary of 80 yuan. This case was included in the audit report. According to the audit opinion, the amount of part-time salary was eliminated in full, and the salary received was returned by myself. This official of the audit institute was no exception.

After Zhuang yunkuan was appointed president of audit, his valuable character was also reflected. During the preparation and management of the Palace Museum, in order to protect the national treasure of the Palace Museum, Zhuang yunkuan even borrowed 30000 yuan from the bank in his own name, calming down the "wave of wage claims". Zhuang yunkuan's noble character can be seen in his calligraphy works. This calligraphy work on display in the audit Museum reveals his unique, unrestrained and magnanimous manner between the lines. It can be said that his heart can be written by the pen.

In the face of right and wrong, Zhuang yunkuan can also adhere to the principle. In August 1915, Yuan Shikai instructed Yang Du and others to organize the so-called "preparatory security association" to prepare for the title of emperor. Within the government, some departments agree for their own benefit, while some departments are afraid to make a clear statement despite their objection. Zhuang yunkuan, the then prime minister, wrote a letter to Yuan Shikai, saying that the imperial system, the public opinion and the trend of the times were indispensable. He proposed that the year of Hong Xian and the preparatory office for the grand ceremony should be canceled, and the Senate should be closed immediately. After that, he called a special meeting of Su Zheng envoys and decided to petition Yuan Shikai to "cancel it quickly to pacify the people.".

Zhuang yunkuan had a close relationship with Zhang Jian, a famous industrialist and educator in modern times. In 1894, Zhang Jian won the first prize in the examination. At that time, there was no hope of political innovation, so he devoted himself to the establishment of industry and education. Later, he became the most powerful national capitalist in China at that time and the founder of China's modern light industry. There is a letter written by Zhuang yunkuan to Zhang Jian on display in the China audit Museum. The content of the letter is very intimate and there is no lack of intimate words. Zhuang yunkuan wrote an elegiac couplet to commemorate Zhang Jian's death. The first couplet reads "scholars, peasants and workers are all worthy of being masters, and the country is old and laborious, and it is suitable to teach the counties to engrave steles, and the lakes and mountains to be worshipped"; the second couplet reads "living in a bad space, people can't escape this case, the end of the world is full of tears, and I can't bear to recall the paper's false couch, and ask the political literati.".

Chronicle of characters

Born in 1866.

In 1891, vice president of Xunyang Academy was appointed.

In 1895, it was distributed to Guangxi by Tongzhi.

In 1898, he served as the Tongzhi of Baise Zhili.

In 1901, he was appointed magistrate of Pingnan.

In the winter of 1902, he visited Hanoi and met Chen Shaobai, who expressed his admiration for the revolution.

In 1904, he served as the general office of Guangdong Military Academy (the predecessor of Huangpu Military Academy) and the commander of Guangzhou standing army.

In 1905, the Department of Wuzhou magistrate, Guilin military road general office. They destroyed temples, collected temple property, founded Bingjing school, expanded Wuzhou middle school, set up primary schools and girls' schools, and sent overseas students. In 1906, he was promoted to Taiping Sishun, who was also the commander of zhennanguan and the governor of flood control in Guangxi. He was stationed in Longzhou, where he established 12 schools, including Jiangwu school, industrial school, women's school and primary school.

In 1907, the business circles of Longzhou set up the "going to think stele" to express their ambition.

In 1908, he was transferred to the general office of Guangxi military preparation office. He introduced more than 80 non commissioned officers studying in Japan and graduates from Baoding military academy to Guangxi to organize and train the new army. He successively established Guangxi army cadre school, learning barracks, yonglongbiao new army and new army organs. Training and selection

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