Emperor Xianfeng

Aixinjueluo Yichen

Aixinjueluo Yichen (July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861), Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty, was the ninth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the seventh emperor after Beijing was established as the capital. He was the last emperor in the history of the Qing Dynasty and China who had the actual ruling power. He was also the last emperor in the Qing Dynasty who succeeded to the throne by secretly establishing a crown prince. The year is Xianfeng. Yi Chen is the fourth son of Emperor Daoguang of Xuanzong in Qing Dynasty. His mother is Niu Hulu, the empress of xiaoquancheng (originally a common son, later a direct son). He was born in Yuanmingyuan, Beijing. He was secretly appointed as the crown prince in 1846.

After he ascended the throne, Yi Chen was diligent in political affairs and made great efforts to reform the government. In order to save the ruling crisis, Emperor Xianfeng thought about eliminating the disadvantages and seeking governance. He allowed the virtuous to get rid of the evil and tried to revive the discipline. Zeng Guofan, a bureaucrat of the Han nationality, was used to suppress the uprising of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Nien army. Su Shun, who dares to serve, is promoted and supported to get rid of the bad government. At the same time, he dismissed mu zhang'a, the military aircraft Minister of Daoguang Dynasty, and Qi Ying. At this time, however, the Qing Empire suffered from constant internal and external troubles, and ended up signing a series of unequal treaties. After the Xianfeng Dynasty, the Westernization Movement was started because of the attempt to reverse the situation of internal relations and external difficulties.

Emperor Xianfeng was only 31 years old when he collapsed in Chengde Mountain Resort in 1861. Temple name

Wenzong

His posthumous title is Xie Tian Yi Yun, who is in charge of Chui Mo Mao De Zhen Wu Sheng Xiao Yuan Gong Duan Ren Kuan min Zhuang Jian

Emperor Xian

He was buried in Dingling and was succeeded by his son Zaichun.

Life of the characters

He was taught in his early years

On the 9th of June in the 11th year of Daoguang (July 17, 1831), Yi Chen was born in zhanjingzhai, Yuanmingyuan, the capital. He was the fourth son of Emperor Daoguang and his mother was niuhulu, empress xiaoquancheng. Niu Hulu's family is the daughter of Yi Ling, a second-class bodyguard. When she entered the palace, she was granted a concubine. But she was smart and beautiful, charming and moving. She won the favor of Emperor Daoguang, and soon became a concubine of Jin Dynasty. In June of the 11th year of Daoguang (1831), she gave birth to Yichen, the fourth son of the emperor. Two years after Niu Hulu's birth, Tong Jia, empress Xiaoshen, died. Emperor Daoguang appointed her imperial concubine in Jin Dynasty to take pictures of six palaces. The next year, the book was made queen. However, he died in the first month of the 20th year of Daoguang (1840) at the age of 33. Yi Chen was only 10 years old at that time.

After empress xiaoquancheng died, Emperor Daoguang asked imperial concubine Jing to raise Yi Chen. Jingguifei is the daughter of wailang Hualang, a member of the Ministry of punishment. Princess Jing had three sons: Yi Gang, the second son of the emperor, Yi Ji, the third son of the emperor, and Yi Xin, the sixth son of the emperor. But Yi Gang and Yi Ji died early, and there was only Yi Xin, the sixth son of the emperor, under the knee of Jing Guifei. Yi Xin is only one year younger than Yi Chen. Yi Chen's filial piety to Jing imperial concubine is like a mother, and Yi Xin's filial piety is like a younger brother. The most powerful rival for the crown prince with Yi Chen is Yi Xin, his sixth brother.

Both Xinyi and GUI Jing were raised by them. When Emperor Daoguang lost three empresses in succession, namely, empress xiaomucheng, empress xiaoshencheng and empress xiaoquancheng, he didn't list any more empresses. Instead, he only listed Princess Jing as the imperial concubine. Yi Xin and Yi Chen are both studying in the study. They are close in age and have a close relationship. However, Yi Chen studied a year earlier than Yi Xin. Yi Chen began to study at the age of 6, and his master was Du Shoutian. Du Shoutian taught Yi Chen to do his best. According to historical records, "he will be guided by Tian's teachings for more than ten years." When Yi Chen was the prince, he chased a group of animals from hunting in Nanyuan, and fell off his horse to hurt his stock. After treatment by orthopedic doctors in Shangsi hospital, he was disabled and had no mobility. When he was a child, he had smallpox and had pockmarks on his face. Yi Xin is also studying in the study, but he is smarter than Yi Chen. His master is Zhuo Bingtian. According to the historical records, "he was in the same study with Wenzong and studied martial arts." he collected the twenty-eight movements of Hua gun technique, which was called "Dihua cooperation"; and the eighteen movements of Dao technique, which was called "bao'e Xuanwei." Daoguang gave Yi the white rainbow sword. Yi Xin is in good health, intelligent, well written, good at martial arts, as well as his inventions and creations.

Li Chu storm

In his later years, Emperor Daoguang hesitated to establish a reserve. Emperor Daoguang had more than 20 concubines, who gave birth to ten princesses and nine princesses. Yi Wei, the eldest son, died in 1831 at the age of 23. However, Yi Gang, the second son, and Yi Ji, the third son, died prematurely. Yichen, the fourth son, was born in 1831, two months after the death of Yiwei, the eldest son. In 1846, the emperor's fifth son adopted miankai, the third son of emperor Jiaqing, as his successor and succeeded to the throne of the county. Yixin, the sixth emperor's son, was one of the princes who was loved by Emperor Daoguang. In his later years, Emperor Daoguang had seven, eight and nine sons, but they were all young and ignorant. Emperor Daoguang built the reserve later. After Emperor Daoguang ascended the throne, he did not immediately set about the secret establishment of the crown prince according to the custom of the Qing Dynasty. In his later years, Emperor Daoguang thought of Jianchu. Judging from the cautious character of Emperor Daoguang in later years, it can be inferred that he hoped to have more opportunities to choose successors. Because after Yi Wei, the second son and the third son were young, and Yi Wei was the only one who could choose to be his successor. It was meaningless to say whether to build a reserve or not. After the eleventh year of Daoguang (1831), with the death of Yi Wei and the birth of several young princes, Daoguang was faced with the problem of building a reserve, which should have been solved long ago. Among the sons of Yi Chen, the fourth and sixth sons were the most important.

Yi Chen, the fourth son of the emperor, is "long and virtuous", the oldest and most benevolent and filial; Yi Xin, the sixth son of the emperor, is a commoner, but he inherits from his family, regardless of his family, and is "gifted and talented" and can be civil and military. As they get older, they compete for the crown prince and hide organs. For related legends, please refer to "anecdotes and allusions" and "related disputes" in this data. In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), Emperor Daoguang adopted the family law of Li Chu, and the title of the book was reserved.

On the fourteenth day of the first month of the thirtieth year of Daoguang (Ding Wei day, February 25th, 1850), Emperor Daoguang was not in favor of Yu. He summoned the minister Shi Zhubi and made him the crown prince. On the 14th of the first month, Emperor Daoguang was critically ill. He summoned zonglingzaiquan of zongrenfu, former royal ministers Zaiyuan, Duanhua and Seng gelinqin, military aircraft ministers mu zhanga, saishanga, he Rulin, Chen Fuen and Ji Zhichang, minister in charge of internal affairs Wenqing and Gong Qixia, declaring that Jianchu Zhu Yu: "Yichen, the fourth son of the emperor, is the crown prince. King ER and other ministers, what should I say? They have always attached great importance to the national economy and people's livelihood. It's a special instruction Daoguang officially announced that Yichen, the fourth son of the emperor, would be the crown prince. At noon on the same day, Emperor Daoguang died in Shende Hall of Yuanmingyuan. According to the system of the Qing Dynasty, the new emperor Yi Chen escorted the body of emperor Daxing to Qianqing palace in the Forbidden City that afternoon. After the death of Emperor Xuanzong, Emperor Xianfeng officially ascended the throne on the 26th of the first month (March 9) and issued an imperial edict to Qin en, taking the second year (1851) as an example

Xianfeng

The first year.

Determined to govern

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The young emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne with a strong heart. After emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, the main measures were as follows: first, cleaning the military aircraft department and appointing reformist officials to reform the bad government; second, promoting the Han gentry and bureaucrats on a large scale to suppress the rebellion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. According to the record of emperor Wenzong of Qing Dynasty, he was very diligent in his work at that time, and many decrees were issued every day, many of which were written by Zhu PI and Zhu Yu himself. Eight months after emperor Xianfeng came to power, he dismissed mu zhang'a, the military aircraft Minister of Daoguang Dynasty. Later, he dismissed the senior citizens of the moderates. In the early years of emperor Xianfeng, in order to ease the political conflict with Prince Gong Yi Xin, he appointed him as Minister of military aircraft, but soon removed Yi Xin from office and consolidated the imperial power.

After emperor Xianfeng dismissed the peace ministers of Daoguang Dynasty, he rearranged the selection of military aircraft ministers. Emperor Xianfeng began to appoint reform officials such as SUSHUN to rectify the previous political situation. After SUSHUN came to power, he faced the official corruption since the end of Qianlong with an iron hand, severely cracked down on corruption, severely punished malfeasance and dereliction of duty, and cleaned up the official style. He decisively dealt with the "Wu Wu imperial examination case" and beheaded Bai Peng, a senior official of Yipin, which greatly changed the official atmosphere of the Qing Dynasty in the following decades, especially the increasingly corrupt atmosphere since the late Qianlong period. In the early years of emperor Xianfeng's accession to the throne, due to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising and the lack of Treasury, the Qing government decided to set up the Treasury and the general office of official money to issue a large number of banknotes. Instead of alleviating the financial crisis, the excessive issuance of official banknotes led to inflation and soaring prices. However, the government and businessmen colluded with each other to "embezzle" and "refuse to buy to offset" and made huge profits, transferring the consequences of the failure of the currency reform to the common people. At that time, "there were millions of soldiers and people inside and outside the five cities, and the price of each grain bank was very high. The small people could not afford to live a full day." . At the end of the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), SUSHUN was appointed the Secretary of the Ministry of household, determined to rectify the accumulated financial problems. SUSHUN began to investigate the accounts of Wuyu official account, and found out that hundreds of people were involved in the case, and dozens of household department officers, merchants and Manchuria clansmen were stolen, which suppressed the atmosphere of official bribery to a certain extent.

In January of the first year of Xianfeng (1851), the Taiping rebellion broke out. In two years, the Taiping army captured Hanyang, Yuezhou, Hankou, Nanjing and other important southern towns, threatening the central hinterland of the Qing Dynasty, and established its capital in 1853. At the beginning of 1853, Emperor Xianfeng ordered the local officials and gentry in the north and south of the Yangtze River to organize regiment training and organize landlord armed forces. The Hunan army run by Zeng Guofan is one of them. Based on Luo Zenan's Xiangyong, he "set a new school and changed his ways.". Because the Taiping army did not concentrate on the Northern Expedition and the "Tianjing incident" within the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in 1856, the Qing government had a chance to breathe. Emperor Xianfeng relied on Han landlords Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang and Li Hong

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