Zhang Wenzhi

Zhang Wenzhi

Zhang Wenzhi, shipbuilding engineer. Long term engaged in inland shipping, ship design, manufacturing and repair work. The deep research and Practice on the design and manufacture of Yangtze river ships have not only created a new generation of Yangtze river ships, but also developed the Chuanjiang River Ships, especially the shallow water torrent ships and hydrofoil ships. It has made great contributions to the development of China's shipbuilding industry and water transportation.

Biography of characters

He graduated from the Mechanical Department of Tianjin Beiyang Institute of technology in 1929. He served in Tianjin from 1930 to 1935

Beiyang Institute of Technology

teacher. From 1935 to 1937, he studied in the Department of shipbuilding, arm college, Durham University, UK, and obtained a master's degree. From 1937 to 1938, he majored in submarine at Danzig University in Germany. From 1938 to 1939, he was a member of Shaanxi Chenggu national Northwest Institute of technology

National northwest United University

College of technology, College of technology of Northeastern University and

Jiaozuo Institute of Technology

(now China University of mining and Technology) is a professor. From 1939 to 1955, he successively served as deputy chief engineer, chief engineer and deputy general manager of Minsheng Industrial Company. From 1949 to 1952, he was also a professor of Tongji University and Jiaotong University. From 1955 to 1977, he successively held the posts of deputy director, chief engineer and vice president of Ship Design Institute of the General Administration of river transport, General Administration of Haihe, General Administration of water transport, Technical Bureau, water transport industry bureau, marine bureau of the Ministry of communications.

Main works

One Zhang Wenzhi. Special shallow water tug. Engineering, 1943. Two Zhang Wenzhi. Characteristics of Yangtze river ships. China shipbuilding, 1950.3, (4). Three Zhang Wenzhi. Further discussion on characteristics of Yangtze river ships. China shipbuilding, 1950.12, (6). Four Zhang Wenzhi. Further discussion on characteristics of Yangtze river ships. China shipbuilding, 1951.3. Five Zhang Wenzhi. An example of modern steam turbine ship design. China shipbuilding, 1952 12-1953.6, (11-13). 6 Zhang Wenzhi. Discussion on rudder and steering gear of "Minmin". China shipbuilding, 1955.5, (23). 7 Zhang Wenzhi. Comparison between water jet propulsion and propeller propulsion. China shipbuilding, 1959.3, (40). 8 Zhang Wenzhi. Resistance and propulsion of shallow water jet ships. China shipbuilding, 1963.10, (52). 9 Zhang Wenzhi. Hydrofoil design. North China Beijing: People's Communications Press, 1964

Life of the characters

When he was born, his grandmother was in charge of household chores and made a living in handicraft industry and farming. His father (Zhang Yutong, a famous scholar in Jingxian county) took teaching as his career. He entered Cangxian No.1 Middle School in 1918. He studied hard and got top marks in the exam. At that time, it was during the first World War. I heard about the naval power of German submarines. Although he was young, his understanding of submarines had been deeply imprinted in his mind. In 1923, he was admitted to the Department of mechanical engineering of Tianjin Beiyang University, which has a two-year preparatory course and four-year undergraduate course. Most of the teachers are American, British and other foreigners. They are arrogant and despise Chinese students from time to time. He is extremely disgusted with this, which urges him to study hard, demand self-improvement and enhance his determination to strive for the country. After graduating from university in 1929, he went to Songpu machine factory of Heilongjiang huhai railway to be in charge of the three workshops of mould, casting and forging as an intern. Then he worked as assistant teacher, teacher and director of the internship factory in Beiyang Institute of technology. Later, he opened a machine factory in Xigu village near Beiyang Institute of technology. During this period, Zhang Wenzhi designed and trial produced a variety of new machines and models, such as small locomotives In addition, there are also forward and reverse connecting rods on the locomotive, 1 / 4 HP 600 rpm once through steam engine, 5 HP air compressor, 5 HP 650 RPM diesel engine, gate and hydraulic turbine for school teaching. Began to show talent in mechanical manufacturing design. In the summer of 1935, the Sino British Boxer Indemnity Committee enrolled the third term of students studying in Britain. Zhang Wenzhi was admitted to the shipbuilding engineering major according to his wishes. At that time, a total of two students were enrolled in the shipbuilding department, and the other was Mr. Yang Renjie. In October 1935, Zhang Wenzhi and Yang Renjie studied in the shipbuilding Department of Armstrong college Newcastle on Tyne, University of durhdm, UK. After arriving at the University, they learned that many courses had been learned in China, so they discussed with the school authorities to finish all the shipbuilding subjects in the first year, and to do the research and design work in the second year, which was agreed. Every winter vacation and summer vacation, the school introduces them to practice in Swan Hunter weighon Richardson shipyard. This is the largest shipyard in the northeast of England. There are many old workers. Some of them also participated in the construction of Chinese and Japanese warships during the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895. They once asked, "the warships built for you are bigger and more than those built for Japan. Where are your warships?" At that time, Zhang Wenzhi was too ashamed to answer, and his heart was very painful. In his second year of study in buqiang college, he designed a 2000 ton seagoing ship and wrote a thesis on ship resistance. After examination, he obtained a master's degree. However, his desire to learn submarine manufacturing from a young age was not realized because British universities did not offer this course. For this reason, Zhang Wenzhi applied to the gengzi indemnity committee and asked to go to Germany to study this subject again, which was approved. In July 1937, he sailed from Newcastle to Hamburg, Germany. He studied German for two years in the preparatory course of Beiyang Institute of technology. He had a certain foundation. After he went to Berlin, he took a supplementary course. Then he entered danze University of technology to take the courses of submarine design, warship manufacturing, engine manufacturing, etc. At that time, shortly after the beginning of the Japanese War of aggression against China, he worked harder and angrily, determined to learn submarine and warship manufacturing well, in order to return home to participate in national defense construction. In April 1938, after finishing the elective course of two semesters, he completed the design of a 650 ton submarine and went to the shipyard of shichou werft in danze to practice and supervise the construction of the large dredger "Jianxing", which was ordered by China at that time. After three months of practice, he transferred from Berlin to Paris and went back to China via Marseilles. In October 1938, he returned to the mainland via Hong Kong. At that time, all the coastal provinces were occupied, and his shipbuilding major was useless. He had to go to Chenggu, Shaanxi Province first

National Northwest Institute of Technology

(by

National northwest United University

Institute of technology

College of engineering, Northeastern University

and

Jiaozuo Institute of Technology

(now China University of mining and Technology) merged to teach. In August of the next year, he went to work in Chongqing democratic Industrial Company, and concurrently served as the teaching staff of Chongqing Jiaotong University and Tongji University. In August 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the Ministry of communications of Chongqing national government sent Ye Zaifu, Zhang Wenzhi and Zhu Tianbing to Nanjing and Shanghai to take over the shipyards occupied by Japan.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

Zhang Wenzhi continues to take charge of technical work in Minsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. he is also a professor of Shanghai Jiaotong University and a consultant of the shipbuilding Bureau of the Ministry of heavy industry of the people's Republic of China. In 1954, the Ministry of communications ordered Zhang Wenzhi to be transferred to Beijing as the chief engineer of the General Administration of river transport and the president of the Ship Design Institute of the Ministry of communications. Soon after, he became the deputy director and chief engineer of the technical Bureau of the Ministry of communications. In 1956, the science and Planning Commission of the State Council organized the compilation of the science and technology development plan for 1956-1967. Zhang Wenzhi, as a member of the transportation group, participated in the preparation of item 35 "Research on new technology of transportation equipment and comprehensive development of transportation". In the plan, it is necessary to develop 10000 DWT dry cargo ship, hydrofoil ship and free piston gas engine. It plays a positive role in promoting the development of water transport technology. At the beginning of 1962, Premier Zhou personally presided over the National Conference on science and technology, namely the Guangzhou conference, to discuss the formulation of the 1963-1972 science and technology development plan. Zhang Wenzhi is one of the four representatives of the Ministry of communications. At the meeting, he and other representatives jointly put forward suggestions on strengthening scientific research on ships, developing power machinery urgently needed for wooden sailboats, and developing marine high-power diesel engines, which were paid attention to. After listening to Premier Zhou and other leading comrades' speeches in person during the meeting, he was able to further understand the party's intellectual policy and was greatly encouraged. Later, he worked harder and actively publicized the party's intellectual policy. In 1963, Zhang Wentong participated in the drafting of the special plan for the development of ship science and technology of the State Council. He is one of the five people responsible for drafting the outline and key project specifications. In the key projects, we put forward some important contents, such as the structural strength of shallow water, narrow channel, rapids ships, inland ships, steel mesh cement ships, and the serialization of small and medium-sized marine power engines. The implementation of this plan has a profound impact on the development of water transportation technology. Zhang Wenzhi, on the technical leadership post of the Ministry of communications at that time, conscientiously implemented it according to the requirements of the planning. In 1966, shortly after the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", he was criticized. In 1969, he was transferred to a cadre school to work. In 1971, he returned to Beijing for treatment, and then returned to work as chief engineer of the water transport industry bureau of the Ministry of communications. Until 1977, when he was sick, he made a great contribution to the establishment of his own shipbuilding industry. In 1950, he was awarded the honorary title of first-class labor model by Shanghai for designing 225 HP once through steam engine and shaping machine. In 1954, he was elected as a deputy to the first National People's Congress, and then he was elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress for five consecutive sessions. He joined the Communist Party of China in Beijing in 1956. In 1962, he was elected as the sixth board member at the first National Congress of Chinese society of shipbuilding engineering

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Wen Zhi