Fan Jingwen
Fan Jingwen (November 29, 1587 - April 25, 1644) was a politician, writer and Bachelor of Dongge University in the late Ming Dynasty. Word dream chapter, No. Si Ren, another name Zhi Gong, hejianfu Wuqiao (now Hebei) people. Wanli 41 years (1613) Jinshi, the official to the Ministry of Industry Secretary and Dongge bachelor.
In 1644, Li Zicheng broke the Xuanfu palace and forced the capital. All the officials asked emperor Nanxing. Fan Jingwen advised emperor to "consolidate the people's heart and stick to waiting for help". Soon Chongzhen hanged himself. Fan Jingwen left a letter saying: "as a minister, you can't wipe out the thief. You have to hate to die." Later, he committed suicide in the ancient well beside the Shuangta temple. As a gift to Taifu, posthumous Wenzhong. He is the author of "minister spectrum" and "Zhan Shou Quan Shu".
Life of the characters
A new reputation
Fan Yongnian, the father of fan Jingwen, was once the prefect of Nanning. He enjoyed a reputation in the village and was known as "Buddha". Fan Jingwen has been well nurtured by his family since he was a child. He is full of courage and profound character. When I was a child, I took the world as my own duty, read angrily and thought about what I could do. In 1613, when he was a Jinshi in Wanli 41st year, he gave Dongchang Prefecture a promotion official. He took self-discipline and encouragement as his motto. Not only that, but also he often taught his subordinates not to be entrusted or given gifts. So no one dares to bribe him or his men. He got the nickname of "Bu Er Gong".
notable exploits
During his term of office, fan Jingwen devoted himself to the vindication of unjust, false and wrong cases, and vindicated many "Prisoners" who had made mistakes in the process of trial and conviction. At that time, Dongchang was suffering from famine and disasters. In order to solve the people's crisis and save the people from fire and water, he personally investigated and organized the famine policy. He tried his best to give relief to those who were really difficult, and helped those who had the ability to work to resume production, so as to minimize the losses caused by the disaster. Through his series of efforts, tens of thousands of people have been able to live and work in peace and contentment and rebuild their homes.
Wanli 46 years (1618), the imperial court read his meritorious service, promoted him to the Ministry of Li Ji Gong division principal and other posts. Wanli 48 years (1620), successive Wenxuan yuan wailang, Yan Feng doctor. When mingshenzong died and mingguangzong succeeded to the throne, he ordered to recommend talents. Fan Jingwen tried his best to recommend them. However, most of the people he recommended were the elders of the former dynasty, which was taboo by mingguangzong. Fan Jingwen also knew himself well, and soon returned home begging for leave.
The admonition failed
In February of the second year of Tianqi (1625), fan Jingwen was reappointed as a doctor of literary selections. In the imperial court, Wei Zhongxian monopolized power, suppressed different opinions and cultivated party members. Not long after he took office, fan Jingwen went to Shanghai to ask the Ming government to open up official roads, cultivate official festivals, and recruit virtuous and virtuous people. It should be kept by the imperial court. It is a public opinion that the world is right and wrong, and it should be shared with the world. The words are profound and appropriate, which are well-known at that time. However, the imperial court was fatuous and treacherous officials usurped power, so his proposal was not accepted.
To lead the troops in a proper way
In the early years of Chongzhen, fan Jingwen was recommended by others as Taichang Shaoqing. In July 1629, he was promoted to the second governor of Chongzhen. After his own change, he led eight thousand of his subordinates to serve the king, and all the soldiers were paid by himself. When they arrived in Zhuozhou, most of the reinforcements from all sides looted, but only the troops from Henan were safe. He moved troops to garrison the gate of Kyoto and Changping. People from far and near depended on him without fear. In March of 1630, he was promoted to Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of war and trained in Tongzhou. At the beginning of the establishment of Tongzhen, all the soldiers were recruits. Fan Jingwen had a good training, a well-organized army and a high fighting capacity.
Fan Jingwen asked the Secretary to carry out a whip method. The corvee was returned to the official, and the people helped him to pay for it. The supply of corvee was equal to the price of the official. Emperor Chongzhen appreciated this suggestion very much. Take Lingyong as an example. Two years later, Jing Wen resigned for his father's death.
step forward bravely
In the winter of the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), fan Jingwen was appointed as the censor of the right capital of Nanjing. Soon, he paid homage to the Minister of the Ministry of war and counselled the maintenance. He repeatedly sent troops to Chihe and Pukou to assist Luzhou and guard chuyang. When there was an alarm, he sent troops. He was very prudent. He once denounced each other with Qian Chun, the Secretary of the Ministry of household in Nanjing, for military supplies, and was demoted as a matter of fact. Later, Syria's contribution to the suppression was restored to its original level.
In the winter of 1638, the capital was under martial law, and troops were sent to guard. Yang Sichang took over the situation to assist the government and was headstrong. Huang Daozhou, the Minister of Ci, was whipped and beaten because he raised a few objections in the hall. Fan Jingwen stepped forward and united with his colleagues to seek love for Daozhou. He said: "the zodiac week is one of the few useful people in the country at present. It's too late to use it. What's the benefit of abandoning it?" fan Jingwen urged his colleagues to unite and help each other. When Sizong was angry and displeased, fan Jingwen held himself responsible and told everyone the same story. Sizong became more and more angry, and he was cut to be a citizen.
In February of 1644, fan Jingwen entered the cabinet as his own official and was also a Bachelor of Dongge University. When he was in danger, fan Jingwen finally realized his dream of achieving great achievements in his childhood. But at this time, the Ming Dynasty was on the verge of collapse, and fan Jingwen couldn't stand alone.
In 1644, Li Zicheng's army broke Xuanfu, and the vanguard came to the capital. Fan Jingwen didn't think about food and tea, and he was worried all night. When the night was still, he cried to the moon alone and said to himself, "as a minister, you can't fight for the Emperor with your sword. What's the benefit of death?" A minister suggested that Chongzhen should abandon Jingnan and flee to avoid attack. Fan Jingwen firmly opposed this, saying: "unite the people and stick to waiting for help. I don't know anything else." It means to stick to it. This matter has been discussed for a long time, but it has come to no result. On March 17, 1644 (April 23, 1644), Emperor Chongzhen summoned fan Jingwen to the palace. At this time, fan Jingwen had not eaten for three days. When he saw the emperor, he burst into tears. His words were intermittently and could not form a sentence. Emperor Chongzhen could not help but shed tears.
died for the country
On March 19, 1644 (April 25, 1644), the city fell, and the rebels swarmed into the capital and surrounded the official residence. Hearing this news, fan Jingwen rushed to the palace gate. Palace said: "the emperor has gone out." He rushed to the court house again, and the bandits had blocked the road. The entourage asked him to change his clothes and go home. Fan Jingwen said, "the emperor is out. How can I go home?" In the temple beside the road, he drew up a book and wrote in big characters: "as a minister, you can't make contributions in the battlefield. You have to hate to die. Then he went to the tomb where Yan Xiang worshiped, jumped into the ancient well beside the double Pagoda Temple and died. When fan Jingwen died, he thought that the emperor had fled to the south, but he did not know that the emperor had hanged himself. After his death, he presented his posthumous title as Wenzhen to Taifu. The Qing Dynasty bestowed Wenzhong a posthumous title.
Anecdotes of characters
In Ming Dynasty, the autocratic centralization of power was in the hands of the emperor alone, and there was no prime minister. When fan Jingwen was a scholar in Dongge University, his relatives and friends often came to the door to ask for help. Jingwen declined and put up six big words on the door, saying "no advice, no feedback". The common people praised him and called him "two unfairness" or "two unfairness". Fan Jingwen is diligent and honest. The first couplet is "don't be asked, don't be fed, selfless and can let go". The second couplet is "work hard for the country, work hard for the people, and know when there is a drum in front of the Yamen".
Main works
work
"Zhan Shou Quan Shu", "minister Pu", "Bing Jian Tang Cao" and "Selected Poems of liechao".
poetry
"Dying poems", "West Lake", "Zhaizhong", "Fu De Hua Chao Yu", "living with friends" and "Yushan Qu Shaoqian's works in Xuantang"
Character evaluation
"Bingxin Yujie" of Kangxi
Zhang Tingyu's "history of the Ming Dynasty" said: "Jing Wen is young and has a good understanding."
Ji Liuqi's Ming Ji Bei Lue: "Gong Zhi's poem is straight and heroic, and his face is bright and clear. When the country is struggling, he makes many sad and bitter remarks. “
Historical records
Zhang Tingyu's history of Ming Dynasty and Ji Liuqi's northern strategy of Ming Dynasty
literary works
The palace ballad of late Ming Dynasty by Zhu Changxiao
member of family
Father: Fan Yongnian.
Nephew: Wang Sunxi.
Son: fan xuanchao.
Chinese PinYin : Fan Jing Wen
Fan Jingwen