Liu Qi

Pseudo Qi

The puppet Qi (1130-1137) was a puppet regime established by the Jin Dynasty in the hometown of the Northern Song Dynasty south of the Yellow River after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In July 1130, Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty appointed Liu Yu as the emperor of Qi Dynasty, and established the capital of Daming prefecture (now Daming County of Hebei Province). In September, Liu Yu was officially appointed emperor by Jin CE in Daming Prefecture. In November, Liu Yu changed the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Fuchang. In April of the ninth year of jintianhui (1131), Liu Yu moved to Bianjing.

In the following eight years, the armed forces of song, Xia, Jin, Qi, local tyrants and roving bandits fought against each other, especially the counterattack of the army and the people in the Southern Song Dynasty. The puppet Qi did not play the role of "protecting the people and stabilizing the country", and the Jin army still had to "work hard to defend the country". Therefore, in November of the 15th year of jintianhui (the eighth year of Fuchang of the puppet Qi Dynasty, 1137), Emperor jinxizong abolished Liu Yu as king of Shu, and the puppet Qi Dynasty perished.

The power of the puppet Qi Dynasty flourished around the 12th year of the jintianhui (the 5th year of Fuchang, 1134). At this time, the puppet Qi controlled a large area of land from Shandong in the East, Longzhong in the west, Jiuhe in the north, huaishui in the south, including Xianghan counties, Shang and Qin prefectures. But since then, under the counterattack of the Southern Song army, the scope of control has shrunk.

National name

In July 1130, Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty issued an imperial edict to make Liu Yu emperor. The name of the state was "Daqi", which was called "pseudo Qi" in history. The reason why it is called pseudo Qi is that Liu Yu's position is not right, and he has no real power, so he is "pseudo" by the name of the state.

history

make oneself up and go on the stage

The original purpose of Jin Dynasty's attack on the Southern Song Dynasty was to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty and rebuild the puppet regime to the south of the Yellow River. Wanyan zongbi, the general of Jin Dynasty, had to cross the river to the north to pursue Zhao Gou, the leader of Song Dynasty. This shows that the purpose of eliminating the Southern Song Dynasty can not be achieved in a short time. He decided to establish a puppet regime in the occupied area south of the Yellow River. Wanyan Zonghan recommended Liu Yu to Emperor Taizong, and Wanyan Changye strongly recommended Liu Yu, so Emperor Taizong agreed to appoint Liu Yu as emperor of Qi.

On July 27, 1130, Jin Dynasty sent Datong Yin Gaoqing and zhizhigao Han Fang to canonize Liu Yu as emperor of Qi. On the ninth day of September, Liu Yu ascended the throne as emperor. He was granted amnesty in the territory. According to the year name of Jin, he was called the eighth year of Tianhui. Zhang Xiaochun was the prime minister, Li Xiaoyang was the Zuo Cheng, Zhang Cambodian was the right Cheng, Li couple was the censor, Zheng Yinian was the Minister of the Ministry of industry, Wang Qiong was left behind in Bianjing, and the prince Liu Lin was the Taizhong doctor, who was also known to Jinan government. Liu Yu ascended Dongping to Tokyo, changed Tokyo to Bianjing, and descended Nanjing to guide. Liu Yi, his younger brother, stayed in Beijing, and soon changed to stay in Bianjing. In addition, Huaining, Yingchang and Xingren were all prefectures. Because Liu Yu was born in Jingzhou, served as the magistrate of Jinan, controlled Dongping Prefecture, and called himself Emperor in Daming Prefecture, he recruited thousands of Dingzhuang people from the above four counties, known as "Yuncong children". In October, Liu Yu made his mother Zhai the Empress Dowager and his concubine Qian the queen.

On November 23, the eighth year of the golden heaven Society (the first year of Fuchang in the puppet Qi Dynasty, 1130), Jianyuan was the first year of Fuchang.

In May of the ninth year of jintianhui (the second year of Fuchang in the puppet Qi Dynasty, 1131), song general Zhang Jun led his troops across the river to Huangmei in Qizhou, where Li Cheng was defeated. Li Cheng went to the north, then came down to Qi and knew Kaide mansion. In November, Jin gave the land of Shaanxi to Liu Yu, so the Central Plains belonged to the puppet Qi.

In the first month of the 10th year of jintianhui (1132), Liu Yu attacked Yiyang County and was defeated by Zhai Xing and his general Li Gong. In order to eliminate the rebel army, Liu Yu bribed Yang Wei and Jin run into the army, and sent troops in March. In the fierce battle, Zhai Xing was killed by falling off his horse, and the rebel army suffered huge losses. The puppet Qi finally swept away the biggest obstacle of moving to Bian. In April, the puppet capital moved to Tokyo. In May, song Lizhou observation envoy and Qihuang Zhenfu envoy Kong Yanzhou rebelled against puppet Qi.

Before and after the establishment of the puppet Qi Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty basically stabilized the confrontation between the north and the south through the wars of huangtiandang, Fuping, shoutouhu and sangheyuan. As the pressure of foreign invasion gradually eased, domestic invasion became the primary problem of military and political affairs. The Southern Song Dynasty devoted its main energy to pacifying the internal rebellion. In addition, it was afraid of the Jin Dynasty, and called Liu Yu emperor of "Daqi". Therefore, it did not take major military action against the puppet Qi. Since the border between the puppet and Qi was basically peaceful, Liu Yu took the opportunity to consolidate his rule in the Central Plains, and strengthened his strength by recruiting the frustrated armed groups in the Southern Song Dynasty.

ask a tiger for its skin

In the first month of the 11th year of jintianhui (the fourth year of Fuchang in the puppet Qi Dynasty, 1133), song General Li Heng repeatedly defeated Qi soldiers and captured Yingchang prefecture (now Xuchang in Henan Province). In March, Li Heng, the general of the Song Dynasty, regained Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), and Liu Yu invited Jin Bing to fight Mu Chigang (now northwest of Kaifeng, Henan Province). Li Heng was defeated, and Yingchang (now Xuchang, Henan Province) returned. In September, more than 50 people, including Fu Weiyong of Qizhou, were sent to Fuhai from Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province) to Jiaozhi, where Li Yanghuan, the king of Jiaozhi, was granted the title of Guangwang and made friends with the chief of zhuxidong. The Jin Dynasty also sent more than 20 people, including Mao Dulu, to travel with him. In October, Qi General Li Cheng fell into Dengzhou (now Dengxian County, Henan Province), song General Li Heng abandoned Xiangyang, ran to Jingnan, and later entered Hongzhou. Xiangyang, Suizhou (now suixian County in Hubei Province) and Yingzhou (now Zhongxiang in Hubei Province) were successively owned by Qi. The military expansion in Xianghan area was the biggest military victory of the puppet Qi in the 11th year of jintianhui (the 4th year of Fuchang, 1133). The occupation of Xianghan area by the puppet Qi Dynasty cut off the contact between the southeast of Southern Song Dynasty and Sichuan and Shaanxi, affected its military initiative of advancing and retreating, and threatened the security of Southern Song Dynasty. Moreover, Liu Yu's occupation of Xianghan area was also conducive to the contact with Yang Mo army, so the puppet Qi and Yang Mo soon formed a military alliance and made a military plan to jointly destroy the Song Dynasty.

In the first month of the 12th year of jintianhui (1134), song general Guan shigu led his army from Wudu (now Wudu of Gansu Province) to search for food and attacked datan county (now Wudu of Gansu Province). The song army went deep into shiyaoling, met the Qi army, and was defeated, so the ancient cavalry of Guan division descended to Qi. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were only two states left in Taomin area, namely, Ji (now Wudu of Gansu Province) and Cheng (now Chengxian County of Gansu Province). In February, Liu Yu sent his confidant Liu Kui to join forces with the Jin army to attack xianrenguan. Due to the tenacious resistance of the song army, the Qi Jin army was defeated in March. The defeat of xianrenguan forced the Jin army to give up the plan of entering Sichuan. As a subsidiary of Jin army's invasion of Sichuan, the puppet Qi army no longer dared to see Shu. In May, song General Yue Fei left Xianghan, and Li Cheng fled Xiangyang when he heard that Yingzhou (now Zhongxiang, Hubei Province) was lost. Yue Fei entered Xiangyang and occupied tangzhou (now Tanghe, Henan). In June, song general Niu Gao attacked Suizhou and changed hands. In order to reverse the unfavorable war situation, Liu Yu begged to learn from the Jin Dynasty. The Jin Dynasty sent Liu He to join Li Cheng in the northwest of Dengzhou. When the puppet Qi knew Dengzhou, Gao Zhong also led the garrison to join Li Cheng. In order to meet the song army, on July 15, tens of thousands of Qi Jin troops left the city for 30 Li and set up more than 30 villages. However, under the attack of Yue's army, Qi Jin's army "collapsed, Liu He and Bo Jin only survived", and Gao Zhong surrendered to Deng Cheng as the last support to resist the song army. However, the Yue army followed closely, and Gao Zhong could not resist the fierce attack of the song army. On the 17th, Deng Zhou fell and Gao Zhong was arrested. On the 23rd, the Qi Jin army was defeated again, and the tangzhou and Xinyang armies were defeated on the same day. Since then, the military confrontation between the puppet Qi and the Yuejia army in order to defend Xianghan ended with the complete failure of the puppet Qi and withdrawal from Xianghan. In September, Liu Yu adopted Luo Yinnan's proposal and sent Lu Weiqing to beg for soldiers from Jin. The king ordered Wan Yan Zongfu to be the left deputy marshal and WAN Yan Chang to be the right deputy marshal. He led 50000 troops to invade the South and took Wan Yan zongbi as the former general. Wanyanzong ordered all Han troops to go in person and not to recruit people to serve. Liu Yu invaded the South with his son Liu Lin. Although the invasion of the Southern Song Dynasty by the puppet Qi Dynasty was very powerful, it put great pressure on the Southern Song Dynasty. However, in December, because of the withdrawal of the Jin people, they fled in a hurry and ended the invasion in a hurry. The puppet Qi army chose to invade the south in autumn. Originally, the army was afraid of the heat and cold, but the Jin Qi allied army never expected that the rain and snow in the winter affected the smooth flow of the grain road. The Jin army could not get normal food and grass from the puppet Qi Army, but was blocked by Han Shizhong in the north of the Yangtze River and could not get food in the south of the Yangtze River. As a result, the army was unstable. Some even wrote to the commander of the Jin army and threatened to rebel. At this time, the news of Emperor Taizong's death spread to the south, and the generals of the Jin army were eager to return home to deal with the redistribution of power. In addition, they were worried that the Huaixi river would be decided by the Southern Song Dynasty to irrigate their battalions, so they took the lead in withdrawing their troops. Because of the withdrawal of the Jin army from the battlefield, the puppet Qi lost the strength to continue to fight against the Huaihe River and Huaihe River. Liu Lin and Liu Ni "abandoned their supplies and fled to Suzhou for more than 200 Li by day and night.".

In the first month of the 13th year of jintianhui (the sixth year of Fuchang in the puppet Qi Dynasty, 1135), the Qi Jin allied forces abandoned Haozhou, an important stronghold in Huainan, and their invasion to the South ended in disadvantageous circumstances. In February, Qi general Shang Yuan raided Xinyang army. In July, Liu Yu abandoned the Ming hall as the lecture hall. In October, Liu Yu ordered the common people to accept the tax according to the commercial tax law. Liu Yuxian's "chart of the sea" and the wooden sample of the warship are in the master of the Jin Dynasty.

In September of the 14th year of jintianhui (1136, the seventh year of Fuchang in the puppet Qi Dynasty), Liu Yu heard that the leader of the Song Dynasty was personally on the expedition, so he sent someone to the leader of the Song Dynasty for help. The king sent his right deputy marshal Wu Shu to stay in Liyang (now xunxian County, Henan Province) to wait and see. Liu Yu ordered his son Liu Lin to lead the army to attack Hefei from Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), which was the middle route. He also ordered his nephew Liu Ni to lead his army from Zijing mountain to Wukou (now near Huaiyuan, Anhui Province) to Dingyuan, and to chaoxuan (now Xuancheng, Anhui Province) Hui (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) as the East Road. He ordered Kong Yanzhou to lead his army to commit Lu'an from Guangzhou (now Huangchuan, Henan Province), which was for the west road. It is planned to sign 300000 rural soldiers, known as 700000. Liu Ni crossed Dingyuan county with tens of thousands of people in order to pursue Xuanhua (in today's Jiangbei of Nanjing) and commit Jiankang. Song General Yang Yizhong defeated Liu Ni in zhaojiafang (now southwest of Dingyuan, Anhui Province)

Chinese PinYin : Liu Qi