Hu Xianxiang

Hu Xianxiang

Hu Xianjia (April 20, 1894 - July 16, 1968), male, buzeng, Chen Jia, doctor, Professor, was elected academician of Academia Sinica in 1948. Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, he entered the University of California and Harvard University in 1912 to study agriculture and botany. After returning to China, he was successively employed as deputy director of Lushan Forest Bureau of Jiangxi Province and professor of Botany of agriculture and forestry in National Nanjing Normal University. Botanist and educator. The founder of plant taxonomy in China. He also founded Lushan forest botanical garden and Yunnan Institute of agriculture and forestry. The establishment of the Chinese botanical society was initiated. Following Zhong's tour, he carried out large-scale field collection and investigation of Chinese plant resources in China. In education, we advocate the educational thought of "saving the country scientifically, applying what we have learned, creating independently and not looking up to outsiders". With Qian Chongshu and Zou Bingwen, the first Chinese book of higher botany was compiled. It is the first time to identify and name "Metasequoia glyptostroboides" and establish "metasequoiaceae" with Zheng Wanjun. This paper presents and publishes "a multi system of angiosperms classification" and the phylogenetic map of angiosperms.

On July 16, 1968, he died of sudden myocardial infarction at the age of 74.

He has published the compendium of plant taxonomy, collection of Hu Xianhe's poems and essays, selected notes of Chan'an's poems and complete works of Hu Xianhe (expected to be officially published in May 2018), etc.

Life of the characters

In 1894 (the 20th year of Guangxu), Hu Xianhe was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province.

In the spring of 1905 (the 31st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), when Hu was 11 years old, he went to Nanchang to take an examination at his mother's command, and was admitted as a student of Fu Xue.

In 1906 (the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), China abolished the imperial examination system. Hu Xianhe went to Hongdu middle school in Nanchang to study and began to receive modern natural science education.

In 1909 (the first year of Xuantong), he was admitted to the Preparatory School of Beijing Normal University.

In the autumn of 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), he took the Jiangxi provincial examination for studying abroad and was admitted as a western student. Ranked first, entered the University of California and Harvard University, studied agriculture and botany.

In November 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), Hu Xianxiang completed his study in the United States and obtained his bachelor's degree in agriculture with outstanding achievements.

In 1917, he was appointed deputy director of Lushan Forest Bureau of Jiangxi Province. During this period, he made a comprehensive investigation of Lushan plant resources and established his idea of establishing a plant research base in Lushan in the future.

In July 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), he was appointed professor of Botany of agriculture and forestry in National Nanjing Normal University.

In 1919 (the eighth year of the Republic of China), he published an article on the improvement of Chinese literature in Oriental Magazine. From the standpoint of traditional Chinese culture, he criticized the vernacular and literary revolution advocated by Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi of Peking University. He was elected secretary of the Chinese science society.

In 1923 (the 12th year of the Republic of China), the National Nanjing Normal University was incorporated into the National Southeast University. Hu Xianfu was a professor of Botany and head of the Department of biology in the Department of agriculture. He went to the United States for further study and studied plant taxonomy at Harvard University.

In 1925 (the 14th year of the Republic of China), he finished the flora of China with flowers. He was the first to sort out the Chinese plants comprehensively and got a doctor's degree. Then he returned to China and still taught in National Southeast University. He published articles on Southeast University and political party in Southeast Lun Heng.

In 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), Hu Xianfu and Bingzhi founded the Jingsheng Institute of biology in Beijing with the support of Shangzhi society and China Education and culture foundation. At the beginning of the Institute, Bingzhi was the director of the Institute and director of the animal department, and Hu Xianfu was the director of the plant Department. He was employed to teach botany in Peking University and Beijing Normal University.

In 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China), Yu Dejun and CAI Xitao, who were sent by Hu Xianluo, founded the "Yunnan Institute of agriculture and forestry plants" in Kunming, Yunnan Province, which was jointly organized by the Institute of Jingsheng biology and the Department of education of Yunnan provincial government. Hu Xianjia is also the director of the Institute, and has a large-scale botanical garden, which is the predecessor of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1940 (the 29th year of the Republic of China), Hu went to Taihe, Jiangxi Province, and became the first president of Zhongzheng University.

In 1946 (the 35th year of the Republic of China), Hu Xianfu was specially appointed as a research professor in the Department of biology, School of agriculture, Zhongzheng University. In July of the same year, Hu went to Lushan to attend Jiangxi summer academic seminar. At the end of the year, Hu left his post as a professor at National Chung Cheng University and moved to Peiping to take charge of the research work of the Jingsheng Institute of biology.

In 1948, Hu Xianhe and Professor Zheng Wanjun, Department of forestry, National Central University, jointly published a paper on the new species of gymnosperm Metasequoia glyptostroboides, marking a new peak of his academic attainments.

In 1948, he was elected to the Academia Sinica.

After the founding of new China, he was a researcher in the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1951, based on the study of modern plant morphology, anatomy and taxonomy, he established a multi taxonomic system and put forward the famous theory that angiosperms come from multi taxonomic system. After liberation, he successively compiled the lectures on seed plant taxonomy, Chinese plant taxonomy and economic botany.

On July 16, 1968, he died of sudden myocardial infarction at the age of 74.

Personal life

Granddaughter: Hu Xiaojiang, Professor of Beijing Normal University;

Character achievement

Scientific research achievements

Scientific foresight

At the Pacific academic conference, when Hu heard the first report of Japanese scholars on the discovery of podostemonaceae, a rare plant in the world, he predicted that there must be distribution of podostemonaceae in China. After taking part in the fourth Pan Pacific Scientific Conference held in Java in 1930, he once again indicated and speculated that there would be Carex plants in the southeast coastal provinces of China, such as Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and other mountainous provinces and counties, as well as in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In February 1944, Zhao Xiuqian, Department of biology, Xiamen University, finally collected one species of this family from Longmen, northeast corner of Changting County, Fujian Province. One year later, two species were found in Tingjiang River Basin, Jinjiang River Basin and Minjiang River Basin. The three species were identified as endemic to China, namely, terniopsis sinensis Chao, cladopus (Lawiella) chinensis Chao and cladopus (Lawiella) fukienensis Chao.

Founding organization

In 1928, with the support of Shangzhi society and Chinese education and culture foundation, Hu Xianjia and Bingzhi founded the Jingsheng Institute of biology in Beijing.

In 1930, the Fifth International botany conference was held in Cambridge, England. At the meeting, Hu Xianjia, Chen Huanyong and Shi Dewei were selected as members of the International Committee on plant nomenclature. In order to speed up the scientific research of Botany in China and further understand how much information foreign countries have in China. From 1930 to 1931, under the condition that the plant Department of the Institute of sedentary biology did not have much money, Hu Xianfu still supported Qin Renchang to go to the Royal Botanical Garden, which collected more than 5 million plant specimens from all over the world. Later, Qin Renchang selected more than 18300 type specimens of Chinese plants from the garden and took them back as photos to meet the needs of domestic researchers. This is an outstanding contribution made by Hu Xianji and Qin Renchang to the research and development of plant taxonomy in China.

In 1932, the director of the Jingsheng Institute of biology in Peking was replaced by Hu Xianfu. The new building, located at No. 3, Wenjin street, Xicheng, is equipped with an animal Herbarium, a plant herbarium (Qin Renchang is appointed as the director of the herbarium), a display room, a library and an animal and plant laboratory, and regularly publishes the atlas of Chinese plants (Hu Xianqi, Chen Huanyong), the atlas of Chinese pteridophytes (Hu Xianqi, Qin Renchang) and the atlas of Hebei common trees (Zhou Han) Report of the Institute of Jingsheng biology. At this time, the number of scientific researchers has grown from more than 10 to more than 50. Hu sent people to Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan and Hainan provinces to investigate, collect and analyze the specimens. At that time, the Institute of sedentary biology had become one of the more prestigious natural science research institutions at home and abroad.

In order to expand China's scientific research institutions, in 1938, Yu Dejun and CAI Xitao, sent by Hu Xianluo, established the "Yunnan Institute of agriculture, forestry and botany" in Kunming, Yunnan Province, which was jointly organized by the Institute of sedentary biology and the Department of education of Yunnan provincial government. Hu Xianjia is also the director of the Institute, and has a large-scale botanical garden, which is the predecessor of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In order to establish China's own botanical garden and develop China's economic plants, in 1932, under the initiative and personal guidance of Hu Xianfu, and with the approval and support of China Education and culture foundation, Jingsheng Institute of biology and Jiangxi Provincial Agricultural College jointly established Lushan forest botanical garden. In 1934, it was finally decided to build the park at the northern foot of hanpokou. Hu appointed Qin Renchang as the first director of Lushan forest botanical garden, and promptly sent Chen fenghuai to Britain for two years' further study, and returned to China as a horticultural technician. After years of hard work by Qin Renchang and Chen fenghuai, Lushan forest botanical garden has become an important base for the study of garden plants in China. At the same time, we have also trained a number of outstanding scientific and technological personnel of the botanical garden.

Building a society

In order to develop the modern plant science and make the vast number of plants

Chinese PinYin : Hu Xian Su