Zhu Youlang

Zhu Youlang

Zhu Youlang (November 1, 1623 - June 1, 1662), male, Han nationality, was born in Daxing County, shuntianfu, beizhili (now Dongcheng District, Beijing). He was the grandson of Zhu Yijun, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, the son of Zhu Changying, the king of guiduan, and the last emperor of Southern Ming Dynasty (December 24, 1646 - June 1, 1662).

He was born in the third year of Tianqi (1623) in the palace of King GUI (capital residence), and was granted the title of King GUI in the second year of Longwu (1646). Longwu two years (1646), said in Zhaoqing prison. On November 18 of the same year, it was announced that he was the emperor, and the second year was changed to the first year of Yongli. Zhu Youlang relied on the rest of the Daxi army, Li Dingguo, sun Wangwang, etc. to resist the Qing Dynasty in the southwest corner, so it lasted for a long time. In the 15th year of Yongli (1661), the Qing army invaded Yunnan. Zhu Youlang fled to Mandalay, Myanmar, and was taken in by the king of Myanmar. Later, Wu Sangui invaded Myanmar, and the king of Myanmar offered him to Wu Sangui. In June of 1662, he was hanged by Wu Guogui in Kunming. He was 40 years old and served for 16 years. He was buried in Yongli mausoleum in gaotangshan, Duyun, Guizhou.

After the death of emperor Yongli, the temple was named Zhaozong, and the posthumous title of Zheng Jing, king of Yanping, was yingtiantui, daomin, yigongjian, jingwenweiwuti, Renke, xiaokuang emperor.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhu Youlang was born in Beijing on October 19, 1623. In the autumn of the seventh year of Tianqi (1627), his father Zhu Changying went to Hengzhou (now Hengyang, Hunan Province) to become a vassal. He followed his father to Hengzhou. In the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), he was granted the title of King Yongming.

In August 1643, Zhang Xianzhong's Daxi army captured Changsha, Hunan Province. Zhu Youlang fled with his father to the south. He separated from his father in Shiqi city (now Dong'an County in Hunan Province) south of Yongzhou. Later, he was captured by Daxi army. Fortunately, he was protected by Ming Dynasty officials who joined the Daxi army, so he escaped to Wuzhou, Guangxi Province to meet his father.

In November of the next year, Zhu Changying died of illness, posthumous title "Duan". The third son, an, was king and Zhu was inherited by Mu AI. After Longwu became emperor, his elder brother Guigong could not afford to be ill. Soon Zhu Youlang was granted the title of Guigong.

Zhaoqing supervises the state

In 1646, Emperor Longwu Zhu Yujian was captured and killed by the Qing army in Tingzhou, Fujian Province. A country cannot be without its owner for a day. According to the inheritance system of Ming Dynasty, the throne should be inherited by the male descendants of Ming Shenzong. At that time, Zhu Youlang was the only male descendant of Shenzong of Ming Dynasty, so he was elected as governor of Guangdong and Guangxi by Ding kuichu, governor of Guangxi, Wang Huacheng and LV Daqi.

On October 14, Zhu Youlang was called the governor in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province. Ding kuichu was the chief bachelor and Minister of the Ministry of war, and Qu Shifu was the chief bachelor and Minister of the Ministry of official affairs of Dongge.

Seven days later, on the 16th, the news of Ganzhou's fall came to Zhaoqing. Zhaoqing is still quite a long way from Ganzhou, but the people in Juchao are in a panic, and the festive atmosphere of supervising the state disappears without a trace. Wang Kun, the eunuch of the Department of rites, advocated an immediate escape. Ding kuichu, the first assistant, echoed the idea. Qu Shizhen, a scholar of the University, and others urged calmness, which was only delayed for four days. On October 20, Zhu Youlang fled to Wuzhou in a hurry. This kind of behavior is tantamount to giving up Guangdong automatically, leading to the great loss of the people's mind of the Yongli court in Guangdong.

Two emperors stand side by side

On the second day of November in the second year of Longwu (1646), Su Guansheng, the Bachelor of Longwu Dynasty, together with Gu Yuanjing, the governor of Guangdong Province, and Wang Yinghua, the Minister of Guangdong Province, invited Zhu Yuxuan, the younger brother of emperor Longwu, to supervise the state in Guangzhou. He took advantage of Zhu Youlang and officially declared himself emperor on the fifth day of the same month, changing the second year to the first year of Shaowu.

On the 8th of November, the news of Zhu Yuxuan's accession to the throne in Guangzhou spread to Wuzhou. In order to clean up the hearts of the people in Guangdong, Zhu Youlang returned to Zhaoqing on the 12th of November. On the 18th, he announced that he was the emperor and changed the second year to the first year of Yongli. At the same time, his father Zhu Changying was Emperor Duan, his brother Zhu you (mu AI) was king Guigong, his mother Wang was empress dowager Cisheng, and his mother Ma was empress dowager Zhaosheng. On December 15, when the Shaowu regime was in a fierce battle with the Yongli court, it gained the upper hand. Under the command of Tong Yangjia and Li Chengdong, the Qing army, disguised as the Ming army, took Guangzhou by surprise. Emperor Shaowu and Su Guansheng committed suicide and died, and Guangdong was occupied.

On December 26, 1646, Emperor Yongli left Zhaoqing and fled to Wuzhou again. Soon after, Zhaoqing fell, Wuzhou was in a hurry, and Zhu Youlang fled from Wuzhou to Guilin. Under Liu Chengyin's persuasion, Zhu Youlang left Guilin and entered Quanzhou (now Guangxi county). When he found out that Liu Chengyin wanted to give himself as a surrender gift to the Qing army, he rushed out of Quanzhou overnight and fled to Liuzhou via Jingzhou (now Nanjing County). He was robbed again in Liuzhou.

Guangxi Yunnan broadcasting

On the 19th of the first month of the first year of Yongli (1647), Li Chengdong's Department entered Gaoming from Sanshui on the 19th of the first month of the fourth year of Shunzhi. Zhu Zhijian, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, who stayed in Zhaoqing, fled without fighting. Li Chengdong ordered Luo Chengyao to stay in Zhaoqing and lead the main force to attack Wuzhou. Chen Bangfu, the general of Wuzhou, abandoned the city and fled. On the 29th, Li Chengdong occupied Wuzhou. In February, Ding kuichu, the head of the Ming cabinet, surrendered and was killed. In December, Zhu Youlang returned to Guilin, the rear base of Nanming.

On the 27th of the first month of the second year of Yongli (1648), Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren, the governor of Jiangxi Province, took the initiative to arrest and kill Dong Xuecheng, the governor of Jiangxi Province, Chi bianlong and Hu Dongdao, and declared that they were against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of Ming Dynasty. In February, Zhu Youlang fled from Liuzhou to Nanning. In April, Li Chengdong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, was against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of Ming Dynasty, while Geng Xianzhong, the governor of Guangxi, was against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of Ming Dynasty. In August, Zhu Youlang returned to Zhaoqing.

In the first month of the third year of Yongli (1649), he Tengjiao was captured and killed in Xiangtan; Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren were killed in Nanchang; in March, Li Chengdong was defeated and died. The bad news came one after another, and the court was in a panic. Li Yuanyin, Li Chengdong's adopted son, was traveling in Zhaoqing. When he met emperor Yongli, he cried bitterly. Emperor Yongli granted Li Yuanyin the seal of Nanyang Bo Qi general; Yuan Yin resigned and was still forbidden to travel as the governor of the royal guards.

In the first month of the fourth year of Yongli (1650), Qu Shizhen and Zhang Tongchang were captured by Kong Youde in Guilin. The latter two were determined and killed. When the Qing army occupied Huguang again, other newly recovered lands were also lost one after another.

In the winter of the fifth year of Yongli (1651), Zhu Youlang was forced by sun Wangwang to live in Anlong prefecture (now the Buyi and Miao Autonomous County of Anlong, Guizhou). Under sun Wangwang's house arrest, he lived a stable but not free life for more than three years.

In the eighth year of Yongli (1654), sun Wangyu wanted to stand on his own feet, and Wu Zhenyu, the Minister of Yongli, called Li Dingguo to escort him. After the disclosure of the incident, sun Wangwang sent Zheng state to raise troops to ask for a crime. Finally, sun Wangwang proposed to commit a crime of "stealing treasures and rectifying imperial edicts, deceiving the masses and harming the good" and gave Wu Zhenyu to hang himself and behead 17 courtiers below Wu.

Internal strife among the three kings

In the ninth year of Yongli (1655), Li Dingguo escorted Zhu Youlang to Kunming, Yunnan Province, where he lived in the Qin palace of sun Wangwang. The next year, he was defeated at the water crossing in Qujing. In 1657, when sun was expected to come to the Qing Dynasty, the military information in Southwest China was provided to the Qing government, and the actual situation of Yunnan and Guizhou was known to the Qing army.

Curse the water

In the 12th year of Yongli (1658), the three armies of the Qing army attacked Yunnan, and Yunnan and Guizhou were occupied. In 1659, Zhu Youlang, under the protection of Li Dingguo, retreated from Kunming to Yongchang (Baoshan County, Yunnan Province), then retreated from Yongchang to Tengyue (Tengchong County, Yunnan Province), fled from Tengyue to Myanmar, and was taken in by Wang Mangda of Myanmar. After Wu Sangui invaded Myanmar, mangbai, Mangda's younger brother, took the opportunity to launch a coup, killing his elder brother and succeeding to the throne. On August 12, 1661, mangbai launched a curse on the difficulty of water and killed all the guards of emperor Yongli.

Death and death

Mangbai, the king of Myanmar, wrote to Wu Sangui after he got the news that the Qing army had entered Myanmar. On January 22, 1662, mangbai dedicated Yongli emperor to Wu Sangui, and the imperial rule of Ming Dynasty was completely destroyed. On June 1, 1662, Emperor Yongli's father, son and 25 family members were strangled by Wu Guogui with bowstring in bizipo, Kunming. They were 40 years old. After his death, it was renamed as forced death slope.

After the death of emperor Yongli, the temple was named Zhaozong, and the posthumous title of Zheng Jing, king of Yanping, was Ying tiantui, Dao min, Yi Gongjian, Jing Wenwei, Li Renke, Xiao Kuang emperor.

Main impact

Politics

International Relations

In December of the second year of Longwu (1646), Tong Yangjia and Li Chengdong captured Guangzhou, and the Longwu regime collapsed. The Qing army then turned to attack Zhaoqing, threatening the Yongli regime. Yongli fled to Guangxi and was taken to Guilin by Qu Shizhen. Then the Qing army attacked Guilin. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the two armies fought in Guilin, and the Ming army won a great victory, thus stabilizing the Yongli regime, and making Jin Shenghuan, Li Chengdong and other Ming Dynasty rebel generals also see the situation, which greatly strengthened the momentum of the Yongli regime. To a large extent, the Ming army won the guard battle in Guilin with the help of 300 Portuguese soldiers led by Ferreira.

Historical evaluation

Zhang Dai: "the king of fortune knows the writing and ink, the king of Lu knows the writing and Bo Xiaoqin writes, the king of Chu knows how to cry and runs away forever. Huang Daozhou and Qu Shifu want to follow Wen Wenshan's two successive kings, but Zhao's meat is rotten. So mediocre, want to become with the picture, really can't get the number

Gu Cheng: "Zhu Youlang had no opinion when he was in trouble, and he didn't choose the right people. He really couldn't bear the heavy responsibility of ZTE."

Adherents of the Ming Dynasty: "it's the purpose of the Qing Dynasty. Wu Jun's sincerity may not bear it. Because the situation was not the same, the Han Dynasty was cleared. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Jun was the only one with a lonely battalion. All the soldiers were from the Qing Dynasty. Because of his weak power, he was extremely loyal to preserve his life. His feelings were like the eggs of a rooster. You don't know that the Duke of Zhou killed his relatives for thousands of years

Chinese PinYin : Zhu You Lang