Yuan Hao

Li Yuanhao

Li Yuanhao (June 7, 1003 - January 19, 1048): Dangxiang nationality, a native of mizhizhai (now Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province), was the founding emperor of Xixia Dynasty. When he broke up with the Northern Song Dynasty and became emperor, he gave up his old name and changed it to Wei's (Surname) kuixiao's (Surname). In 1047 (the tenth year of the reign of emperor yanzuo of the heavenly rule of rites), the surname Li was restored.

The ancestors ruled xiazhou for a long time. Tuoba Sigong, the distant ancestor of Tang Dynasty, helped emperor Xizong to pacify the Huangchao uprising and granted the surname Li the title of Duke of Xia. His grandfather Li Jiqian was granted the title of king of Xia by Liao Dynasty, his father Li Deming was granted the title of king of Xia by Liao Dynasty, and he was granted the title of king of Xia by Song Dynasty, but he had been called emperor for a long time. In 1038, Li Yuanhao proclaimed the emperor of Liao and Song Dynasties, established Xixia, established the capital of Xingqing (now Yinchuan City in Ningxia), granted the title of ancestors, built palaces, set up civil and military officials, created Xixia script, issued bald orders, and sent troops to capture three strategic areas, namely, Guazhou, Shazhou (now Dunhuang in Gansu) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan and Jiayuguan in Gansu). After the reign of emperor, the relationship between Xixia and Song Dynasty was completely broken. After the battle of sanchuankou, haoshuichuan, linfufeng and dingchuanzhai, Xixia annihilated tens of thousands of elite soldiers in the northwest of Song Dynasty. In the battle of Hequ, Liao Xingzong was defeated, which established the pattern of dividing the song, Liao and Xixia into three parts.

In 1048, he was killed by his second son Ning Lingge, and his posthumous title was

Emperor Wulie

, temple name

Gyeongjong

Li Liangzuo, the youngest son, ascended the throne.

Life of the characters

Young Yingwu

Li Yuanhao was born in Lingzhou (now Lingwu, Ningxia) on the fifth day of may in the sixth year of Xianping (1003). The year after he was born, his grandfather Li Jiqian was killed in a battle with pan luozhi, the leader of the six valleys of Tubo. His father Li Deming succeeded him to stay in xiazhou (today's Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province) after he was killed. After that, Li Deming pursued the policy of "uniting Liao and harmonizing song", which made Li's regime develop rapidly in a peaceful environment.

Li Yuanhao, who was still in his early years, could not understand his father's policy of being good at the Song Dynasty, especially his economic and trade relations with the Song Dynasty. Once Li Deming sent an envoy to the Song Dynasty to exchange horses for goods. Because the things he got didn't agree with him, he beheaded him in a rage. Li Yuanhao was very dissatisfied with his father's behavior. He said to his father, "our soldiers used to be able to engage in pommel horse. Now it's not the best policy to exchange unnecessary goods. Now we will kill the envoys. Who is willing to be used by us?" When Li Deming saw that his only son, who was only over ten years old, had this kind of insight, he attached great importance to it.

As a teenager, Li Yuanhao has a round face. Under his bright eyes, the eagle's nose curls up, with a kind of awe inspiring and inviolable air in his fortitude. He was of medium build, but he was strong and heroic. Usually like to wear white long sleeve clothes, wearing a black hat, wearing bow and arrow. He often took more than a hundred cavalry to travel on his own horse. In front of him, two flagmen opened the way, followed by Zhang Qingse, a bodyguard and footman. He rode in disorder and swaggered. When he was young, Yuan Hao studied military books such as field songs and Tai Yi Jin Jian Jue, which were popular at that time. He is quite talented and proficient in Chinese and Tibetan. I also know Buddhism. He is good at thinking and planning, and often has original views on things. All these made Li Yuanhao a talented man with military strategy and courage.

Among the generals of the Song Dynasty, there are various legends about Li Yuanhao's appearance, utensils and knowledge. Cao Wei, the commander-in-chief of the border, was stationed along the border of Shaanxi Province. He wanted to see Li Yuanhao for a long time and sent people to inquire about his whereabouts. It is said that Li Yuanhao often walks in Yanbian City, waiting several times in order to meet, but he can't see him. Later, he sent someone to secretly draw Li Yuanhao's shadow. Seeing his appearance, Cao Wei couldn't help exclaiming, "what a hero And foresee that he will be the Song Dynasty frontier disaster in the future.

Far away from Hexi

In September 1010, Li Deming was appointed king of Xia by Liao Dynasty. In May 1028, Li Deming sent Li Yuanhao to attack Ganzhou (now Zhangye, Gansu Province). The first battle of Ganzhou was successful. After Li Yuanhao captured Ganzhou, he adopted the tactics of attacking the West from the East, and made a surprise attack on Xiliang (now Wuwei, Gansu). Cao Xianshun, the king of Guazhou, who belonged to the branch of Shazhou Uighur (now Dunhuang in Gansu Province), attached himself to Li Deming and returned to Guazhou (now Anxi in Gansu Province). At this time, Li Yuanhao was made the prince, and his mother Wei Mu was made the queen. In the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), Li Deming asked the Liao Dynasty to marry Yuan Hao. Liao Xingzong granted her royal family the title of Princess Xingping and married Yuan Hao.

In the first year of Mingdao (1032), Li Deming died and Yuan Hao succeeded to the throne, actively preparing for the founding of the people's Republic. In order to consolidate the rear area and punish the Tubo people, he launched an attack on Hehuang Tubo in July of the same year and captured Maoniu city (now Datong County, Qinghai Province). In the second year of Jingyou (1035, the first year of Guangyun of Yuanhao), Li Yuanhao attacked Zongge, led Xingling Zhucheng stronghold, entered the surrounding Qingtang City, fought with anziluo, the Minister of gusiluo, for more than 200 days. When Li Yuanhao withdrew and crossed Zongge River, he was defeated and fled by Anzi Luo army. In December of the same year, Li Yuanhao personally led his army to Hehuang and was defeated by kuasilao again.

In December of the next year, when Li Yuanhao defeated the Uighurs in Hexi, completely occupied the Hexi Corridor, and wanted to peep at Longshu, he was afraid that the Song Dynasty would make use of the Tubo tribes to figure out its future, so he led the army along the Agan River, conquered the Qiangs in Lanzhou, marched into Majian mountain (now Lintao north of Gansu), and built towns in wachuan to cut off the access between Tubo and Song Dynasty. At this time, internal strife broke out in kesiluo, and Li Yuanhao took the opportunity to bribe the industry, and lured Yu Long, the leader of molianjiao, to join him. Yu Long led more than ten thousand people to surrender to Yuanhao, and later married his daughter to Li Yuanhao's son Ning Lingge (King Liang). After Li Yuanhao got away from the protracted battle with Anzi Luo, the Minister of Tongsi Luo, he led his troops to attack the Uighurs in Guazhou to the west, reached Shazhou, and occupied Suzhou (now Jiuquan, Gansu Province). So far, Li Yuanhao completely controlled the Hexi Corridor, ending the rule of Ganzhou Uighur over Hexi.

For the emperor, for the Emperor

After Li Deming's death, Liao Xingzong ye Luzong sent xuanhui Nanyuan envoy and Shuofang Jiedu envoy Xiao congshun and panzhou observation envoy Zheng Wenyu to Xingzhou, and granted Li Yuanhao the title of Xixia king. In the Song Dynasty, Yang Gao, a doctor of the Ministry of industry, and Zhu Yunzhong, a deputy envoy of protocol, were appointed as the chief and Deputy envoys of Jingjie, and Li Yuanhao was granted the title of the special chief inspector, who served as the Jiedushi of Dingnan army and Xiayin suiyoujing to observe and deal with the envoys of abfan and Luoshi. However, Li Yuanhao was not interested in the imperial titles of song and Liao dynasties. When he received the envoys of Song Dynasty, he did not serve the Song Dynasty with courtesies. He did not bow down to the imperial edicts granted by song Renzong. When he was forced to accept the imperial edict, he was indignant. He looked around the ministers and said, "the former king made a big mistake. There was such a country, but the Jewish ministers worshipped people." He made use of the opportunity of holding a banquet to entertain the song envoys, and spread the sonorous sound of forging weapons behind the banquet hall, which made the song envoys a spiritual deterrent. He also deliberately made the song envoys difficult in etiquette, which was intended to provoke the Song Dynasty and stir up trouble.

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, Li Yuanhao adopted a series of new cultural measures. First of all, the surnames of Li and Zhao, which were "granted" to the Tuoba family of the Dangxiang royal family in the Tang and Song Dynasties, were abolished, and their surnames were changed to "Wei Ming Shi", and their names were changed to "kuixiao" and "Wuzu". In the second year of Mingdao (1033), Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty changed Mingdao in the Song Dynasty to "Xiandao" in order to avoid taboo from his father. In the next year, he built Yuanyun and changed it

Guangyun

. In March of 1032, the year of Yuan Dynasty reform, Li Yuanhao issued a "bald order" to the Dangxiang tribe. He was the first to shave his head and wear heavy rings. The tribal people were forced to carry out the order for three days, and those who did not comply were executed. For a time, the party, the Ministry and the people competed for alopecia. In the dress, Li Yuanhao "white narrow shirt, felt crown red, crown after hanging red knot ribbon.". Officials are required to dress according to their ranks. Common people, only allowed to wear green clothes, in order to do not humble.

Second, after the founding of the Western Xia Dynasty, he began to record a language. During his military expeditions, he also personally planned and presided over the creation of characters, and ordered Minister Ye lirenrong to sort out and interpret them and compile them into 12 volumes. Some historical records call it "fanshu". Li Yuanhao issued the word "Guozi" to his father, and used Tibetan books for all chronicles. In addition, a "Fanzi academy" was set up to teach, study and popularize. In the correspondence between Liao Dynasty and Song Dynasty, two kinds of characters were used. In addition, Li Yuanhao was not satisfied with the original ritual and music system of Dangxiang nationality, which was deeply influenced by Tang and Song dynasties. He said to his minister, Yeli renrong, "the way for a king to make rites and make music is to suit the people. If the red tape of the Tang and Song Dynasties is complicated, I have no choice. " He was determined to reform and advocated the spirit of "loyalty first, fighting as the task" to guide the reform of rites and music. In the occasions of "good or bad luck, guests, zongsi, Yanxiang", the nine worships of the ceremony were three worships, and the five tones of the music were one. The system of rites and music was simplified, and it was ordered to be followed. Those who did not comply with it would be killed.

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, Li Yuanhao started a series of construction in the political and military system. The establishment of political power institutions is basically modeled on the system of the Central Plains. In May 1033, Li Yuanhao became the capital of Xingqing Prefecture. Li Yuanhao imitated the official system of Song Dynasty and established a complete set of central and local official system similar to that of Song Dynasty. Li Yuanhao attached great importance to the construction of the army. After obtaining the Hexi Corridor, he began to reorganize the army and build a regular military system on the basis of the original tribal military organizations

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Hao