Hu Qiuyuan

Hu Qiuyuan

Hu Qiuyuan (1910-may 24, 2004), male, formerly known as Hu yechong, also known as Zeng you, has pen names of Weiming, Shiming and BingChan. Huangpi people in Hubei Province (now Huangpi District, Wuhan City) are from dahujiawan village at the foot of Mulan mountain. They are famous historians, political commentators and writers. He is a member of the Chinese Kuomintang, a representative of the public opinion in Taiwan, the publisher of China magazine, the honorary chairman of the United China League, a former professor of Shanghai Dongya publishing house, Tongji University, the general manager of cultural criticism and thinking monthly, and the president of Fujian Republic Daily. His life and works amount to more than 100 kinds and more than 30 million words. In 1989, the American Biography society listed Hu Qiuyuan in the list of world famous leaders and awarded him a certificate. On May 4, 2004, 94 year old Hu Qiuyuan won the "lifelong achievement award of Chinese literature and art".

Personal experience

Born in Huangpi, Hubei Province in 1910.

In 1925, at the age of 15, he was admitted to national Wuchang university to study science and engineering. Later, because he joined the Communist Youth League and edited Wuhan review, he opposed Chiang Kai Shek's "April 12" massacre of Communists and was hunted by white terror.

In 1928, he came to Shanghai University to study literature.

In 1929, he was sent to Waseda University to study political economy.

In 1931, after the Japanese aggressors launched the September 18th Incident and occupied the three eastern provinces of China, Hu Qiuyuan resolutely gave up his studies as an overseas student at government expense and stayed in Shanghai to fight against Japan with literature as a weapon. He served as a professor and translator at Shanghai University. At the end of the same year, Hu Qiuyuan, editor in chief of cultural review, published an article on dog literature and art in the inaugural issue, claiming that "literature and art to death is a free and democratic independent proposition. Later, he published articles such as don't invade literature and art, the liquidation of Qian Xingcun's theory and the academic criticism of national literature, which triggered the criticism of Lu Xun, Qu Qiubai, Feng Xuefeng and other left-wing writers. Both sides launched a fierce debate for this, and Hu Qiuyuan became a famous "third person" in the literary world at that time.

In 1933, after failing to participate in the "Fujian coup", he went to Hong Kong and was arrested and expelled by the Hong Kong government. Then he went to Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States via Nanyang, India and Egypt. In 1936, he returned to China to participate in the Anti Japanese War and joined in the official propaganda of the Kuomintang.

In 1938, he served as confidential secretary of the Secretary Office of the Supreme Council of the Ministry of defense. He was a member of the National Political Council in 1939. In 1942, he was the chief writer of the central daily. In 1945, he was elected as an alternate executive member of the Sixth Central Committee of the Kuomintang. In 1946, he was elected as a deputy to the National Congress of the people's Republic of China and a professor of history at Jinan University. He was elected to the legislature in 1948.

In 1949, I went to Hong Kong. He was the chief writer of the Hong Kong times in 1950. I went to Taiwan in 1951. He continued to serve as a "legislator", and successively served as a professor of Taiwan Normal University, Shixin University and School of political warfare, and a researcher of modern history of Academia Sinica.

In 1963, China magazine was founded with sole investment to promote traditional culture and cooperate with KMT's party oriented education. In the 1960s, with the support of the government, he launched a "debate on Chinese and Western cultures" with Li Ao. His opposition to the "theory of total Westernization" was strongly countered, and the debate then evolved into a lawsuit that lasted for nearly 10 years. In the 1970s, in the debate of Taiwan's local literature, he took a supportive attitude towards local writers.

In 1988, people from all political parties in Taiwan formed the "China reunification alliance" and served as honorary chairman. He returned to the mainland in 1988 and was expelled from the National Party by the Taiwan authorities, which has aroused great repercussions at home and abroad.

On May 24, 2004, he died of cardiopulmonary failure in Gengshen hospital, Xindian, Taipei County. He was 95 years old. Li Ao, who took part in the cultural debate at that time, said that Hu's life was "repetitive" and that his wife was "an excellent person".

During the great revolution, when he graduated from middle school in 1924, he was determined to "serve the country with science" as his duty. In 1925, he was admitted to the Department of physics and chemistry of national Wuchang University (now Wuhan University) and joined the Communist Youth League. At the beginning of enrollment, he successively participated in the Wuhan review sponsored by the Hubei provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang and the Chinese students sponsored by the Federation of students of the Republic of China. Because of his love for Wang Wei's sentence "Qiuyuan people are at leisure outside" and Liu Yong's sentence "Qiufeng Yuanshang outside the sunset island", he took "Qiuyuan" as his pseudonym. In the spring of 1927, the party affairs cadre school and various short-term training classes were held at the Hubei provincial Party headquarters of the Kuomintang, giving lectures on the revolutionary history of various countries. In the summer of 1927, when the war between Shanghai and Han was fierce, he went to Shanghai and was admitted to the Chinese Department of Fudan University in the name of Hu Qiuyuan. Since then, Hu Qiuyuan has been known all his life. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, in May 1928, the "Jinan Massacre" in which the Japanese army shot and killed 17 Chinese diplomats occurred in Shandong Province. In grief and indignation, the book "Manchuria and Mongolia under Japanese aggression" was completed, which was very popular.

In 1928, he studied literature at Fudan University in Shanghai. In 1929, he went to Waseda University in Japan to study political economy. Later, with the help of Xiong Shili and Cai Yuanpei, he got the official subsidy from Hubei Province. In 1931, he graduated from the Department of politics and economics of Waseda University in Japan. After returning to China, he engaged in cultural and political activities in Shanghai and other places. After the outbreak of the September 18th Incident, he resolutely returned to Shanghai to join the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement. He has served as a professor and translator of Shanghai University, joined with Wang Lixi in the founding of reading magazine by China National Light society, and independently sponsored the weekly of cultural review. The paper "literature and art are free and democratic until death" published in the cultural review is famous for a time. In November 1933, during the "Fujian coup" in Fujian, he had a "reactionary act of seeking the skin of a tiger". Later, he went to Hong Kong, was arrested and expelled by the Hong Kong government, and then went to Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States via Nanyang, India and Egypt. During his stay in Moscow, at the invitation of the Chinese delegation of the third international, he assisted in compiling the national salvation times and the national monthly. In the national salvation times, he published "resistance against Japan means everything belongs to resistance against Japan", advocating the unification of resistance against Japan. At the invitation of Wang Ming, he participated in the drafting of the "August 1 declaration" of the Communist Party of China calling on the people of the whole country to unite against Japan. Later he became a member of the Chinese Kuomintang. During the war of liberation, he took part in the National Assembly at the end of 1946. In 1947, he became the chief writer of Shanghai southeast daily, and also the chief writer of frontline daily and current affairs news. He also taught international issues in Jinan University and the history of Western Philosophy in Fudan University. He was elected as the first member of the Legislative Council in 1948.

In 1949, he went to Hong Kong as the chief writer of the Hong Kong times and wrote for the news world and democratic review.

In 1951, he went to Taiwan to engage in cultural and educational work. He successively served as a professor of Taiwan Normal University, Shixin and ZhengZhan schools, and a researcher of modern history of Academia Sinica. In 1961, Wenxing magazine, one of the main contributors, initiated a discussion on "Chinese and Western cultures". In 1962, he fought a lawsuit against Li Ao, Ju Haoran and others in Wenxing. Ju Haoran clarified the basic concepts of science, democracy and knowledge with three consecutive articles of "science and democracy", "westernization and retro" and "from Mendeleev's periodic table"; he criticized legislator Hu Qiu for not knowing the definition of Planck constant and Fourier's integral formula, and he also talked nonsense about "the interpretation of quantum mechanics" Finally, it was sent to Hu's couplet: "I don't know what to say about the theory of three modernizations, it's a mess to talk about everything", and it was widely criticized as "nonsense". In 1963, he independently founded the last publication of his life, Zhonghua magazine (until 1993). On October 1, Li Ao published "Hu Qiuyuan's true face" in the 60th issue of Wenxing. He studied Hu Qiuyuan's "Fujian rebellion" and said that Hu Qiuyuan was dishonest and lied. Hu Qiuyuan sued the court for 8 million yuan in his anger. In 1963, he founded Zhonghua magazine to compete with Wenxing, and a debate between Chinese and Western cultures evolved into a lawsuit that lasted for nearly 10 years. In 1974, Li Ao was arrested for rebellion, and the high court sentenced Hu Qiuyuan to no crime. After the outbreak of the Zhenbao Island incident in 1969, he published an editorial in China, advocating the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, supporting the people's Liberation Army to defend its territory and not giving in to the Soviet Union. In 1970, the Diaoyutai incident broke out, and Zhonghua became the most powerful publication of the "fishing campaign".

The first ice breaker on both sides of the Strait

In the late 1980s, he advocated the reunification of the motherland. In April 1988, he served as the honorary chairman of the "Union for China's reunification" and the consultant and honorary head of the "Association for promoting the return of Taiwanese from other provinces to visit their relatives". On September 12, 1988, his wife Jing youru, his eldest daughter Hu Caihe and representatives of the "United alliance" flew directly from San Francisco to Beijing to discuss the great cause of cross-strait reunification with his old friends Li Xiannian and Deng Yingchao, thus being known as "the first person to break the ice on both sides of the Strait". On October 18, he returned to Taiwan triumphantly, was restricted for two years, and was expelled from the party by the Kuomintang. In July 1992, he went to Beijing again to participate in academic exchanges. Since then, due to age and health reasons, he has never returned to the mainland, but he still keeps in mind his country and pays close attention to both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

In the debate of Taiwan's local literature in the 1970s, Hu Qiuyuan, Zheng Xuejia, Xu Fuguan and other people defended Chen Yingzhen, Huang Chunming and Wang Tuo against the attacks of Yu Guangzhong, Zhu Xining and Chen Fangming on local literature. Local literature writers were invited to join the Chinese Journal and publish articles. Hu Qiuyuan personally wrote "talking about human nature and local conditions", "talking about nationalism and colonial economy" and "the return of Chinese people's position" and published them in the Chinese Journal, refuting the criticism that local literature is engaged in regionalism.

As a cultural man, he had a close relationship with Lu Xun, Cai Yuanpei, Chen Wangdao, Mao Dun, Xiong Shili and Yu Youren. He published the first monograph on historical materialism in China. He was not only the first person in Taiwan to translate Marx's Paris Manuscript into Chinese, but also put forward the famous theory of "transcending progress". His father and son also founded the first middle school in Huangpi, Hubei Province, the former middle school

Chinese PinYin : Hu Qiu Yuan