Li Wenan

Li Wenan

Li An'an (1170-1211, September 13), the seventh emperor of the Western Xia Dynasty, was the grandson of Li qianshun, the nephew of Li Renxiao, and the son of Li Renyou, the king of Yue. In 1196, Ren you passed away. He wrote a request to attack the title of Yue king, but Huan Zong did not allow it. He was demoted to be the king of Zhenyi county. He was very dissatisfied, so he began to usurp the throne. On March 1, 1206, he conspired with Luo family, the mother of Huan Zong, to abolish Huan Zong and reform Yuan Dynasty

Ying Tian

. When he was in power, he was fatuous and incompetent, destroyed the long-term friendly relationship between Jin and Xixia, and sent troops to invade Jin, which set off a prelude to the subsequent battles that exhausted Xia Jin's elite troops, and attached Mongolia, which was growing stronger and stronger. But all these did not bring benefits to Xixia and its friendship with Mongolia. Mongolia also took Xixia as the target of aggression, and Xixia continued to decline. August 12, 1211, patriarchal clan

The king of Qi

Li zunxu

He launched a coup, was abolished, and died a month later. He died on September 13, 1211, 42 years old. Posthumous title

Respect the Emperor

, temple name

Xiangzong

.

Life of the characters

The grandson of emperor chongzong of Xixia, the seventh emperor of Xixia. Dangxiang clan, whose father was Li Renyou, the younger brother of Renzong in Xixia, the king of Yue. In 1196, Renyou died, and he wrote a letter to the emperor of Yue asking for the title. In 1211, Li zunxu, his nephew king of Qi, launched a coup. He was abolished and died a month later. He was forty-two years old. Posthumous title Jing Mu emperor, temple name Xiang Zong.

Political initiatives

Take refuge in Mongolia

In 1209, Tiemuzhen led the Mongolian army to fight against the Xixia Kingdom, and launched the third military invasion. The Mongolian army went out of Heishui city and attacked hanhailuo city. Xiaxiangzong (Li An'an) sent his son Li Chengzhen as marshal, and dududufu linggong Gaoyi as deputy marshal. He supervised 50000 soldiers to block. The Mongolian army set up troops to attack, the Xia army was defeated, Gao Yi was captured and died unyielding. The two sides suffered heavy casualties. After a bitter battle, the Mongolian army conquered hanhailuo city and captured Xibi ERTA (also known as Xianbei ERTA) who was the Taifu of the Western Xia Dynasty, they took advantage of the victory and went south to Keyi gate, an important pass outside the Zhongxing mansion. The terrain of Keyi gate was very steep. There was a confrontation between the two mountains outside the pass. It was only one way to get through and never to climb.

Xia xiangzong ordered the Duke to return and lead 50000 soldiers to defend against danger. At the beginning of the war, the Mongolian army was repeatedly repulsed by Weiming linggong. After two months of stalemate between the two sides, Genghis Khan took advantage of the Xia army's slackness and set up an ambush according to the danger. He sent his soldiers to lure Wei Ming into the ambush. Wei Ming ordered his army to attack and Zhong Fu was captured. The Mongolian army conquered the pass and directly arrived at Zhongxing Prefecture.

The Mongolian army diverted the Yellow River to irrigate the city, and the soldiers and civilians of Xia state were seriously injured. The city wall was about to collapse. In an emergency, Li an sent envoys to Jin state to ask for help. At that time, the king of Jin was Wanyan Yongji, the famous fatuous king of Wei Shao in the history of Jin. He ignored the reason that the two countries of Jin and Xia were dead and toothless, and said, "if the enemies attack each other, what's the blessing of our country?" He refused Xixia's request. The city was in imminent danger. At that time, the diversion dam built by the Mongols themselves collapsed, but the flood flooded them. So the Mongols agreed to the surrender application of the king of Xia, released the commander of Xia army Wei Ming, and ordered Gonghe Taifu Xibi to answer wrongly. Li An'an also gave away his daughter, a lot of gold and silver, a large number of livestock, and sent people to Mongolia to negotiate peace. Only then did the Mongolian army retreat.

Invading the kingdom of Jin

In 1212 ad, Xia xiangzong sent more than 10000 troops to attack Jinjia prefecture (now Jiaxian County of Shaanxi Province), which meant the rupture of the relationship between the two countries. There are two reasons for the rupture: first, the Mongols besieged Zhongxing mansion, Xia xiangzong asked Jin for help, but Jin refused to send troops to help. Second, the ruling class of the Western Xia Dynasty has developed from the pursuit of comfort and conservatism to corruption. Under the circumstances of stagnation of domestic production, intensification of social contradictions, and successive invasions of Mongolia, in order to get rid of the predicament, it is necessary to carry out economic plunder of Jin to satisfy the greed of the party nobility. This is the root cause of the breakdown of Xia Jin relationship and the war.

In the first and last 13 years of the Xia Jin war, there were 25 major and minor battles, with an average of two in a year. The frequency of the wars was rare in the history of the Xia kingdom. Although the two countries engaged in frequent wars, they still sent envoys. The nature of this war is that the Jin side is just and the Xia side is unjust. The war brought serious consequences to both sides. One of the consequences is that both countries are exhausted. In other words, the military strength of the two countries was greatly weakened by the war, and the two countries were exhausted, which created conditions for Mongolia to destroy the Xia Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty. The second consequence is that the people of Xia and Jin suffered from the disaster of war. For example, in June 1223, the Xixia sent troops to invade the Jin Long'an army, burning, killing and plundering everywhere, "plundering more than 5000 people and tens of thousands of cattle and sheep.". As for the Xixia, "after the rise of the army, the defeated soldiers were in the stream and the hungry people scattered everywhere", which shows that the Xixia people were displaced because of the war. The third consequence is that Xixia suffered huge economic losses.

Historical evaluation

Wu Guangcheng: "the security faction only supports the common people, attaches great importance to the suzerain vassal, wantonly and wantonly, usurps the throne, and punishes heaven with the law. How can the crime be punished! Kuang has been in power for six years, and there is no good to be disciplined. Seeing the strength of Mongolia, they accepted women; carrying the virtue of Jinyuan, they fought. If you are shameful and ungrateful, you will be ashamed! However, if you can reach the body and not pass it on to the world, then there is the will of heaven. "

member of family

Historical records

History of the Song Dynasty volume 486 biographies 245 foreign countries II Xia Guo Xia Xia Xia Xia Xia Xia Xia

Chinese PinYin : Li An Quan