Zhang kundi

Zhang kundi

Zhai Hongdi was persecuted by the Communist Party of China during the early March of 1932.

Life of the characters

Zhang kundi was born on March 18, 1894 in a poor peasant family in Longxi village, Banxi Township, Yiyang County, Hunan Province. He began to study in private school at the age of 7, and then entered Yiyang high school. After graduation, he dropped out of school to farm because of his poor family. Later, he got financial support from his Uncle Zhang Hanbin.

In 1913, he was admitted to the first normal school of Hunan Province. Soon after he entered the school, he was taught by progressive teachers Yang Changji and Xu Teli. During his schooling, he made friends with his classmates Cai Hesen and Mao Zedong, who was studying in class eight. He often discussed the future of the country and the major events of saving the country and the people.

On April 14, 1918, together with Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen and others, he founded the Xinmin society and became one of the important backbones of the society.

In June 1918, Zhang kundi graduated from Hunan First Normal University. Instead of going home, he moved with Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen to the Preparatory Office of Hunan University for self-study. During his self-study period, he signed up to join the work study program in France.

On October 31, 1919, he and more than 80 people, including Li Weihan, Li Fuchun, Liu Shaokuan and he Guo, went to France on the "paulega" in Shanghai, and arrived in Marseilles, France on December 7. During his work study in France, he contacted Li Weihan, Luo xuezan and other members of Xinmin society many times and initiated the organization of "work study incentive Association".

In February 1920, at the founding meeting of the association of overseas Chinese in Paris, he was elected as one of the directors of the Council. He went deep into the workers' investigation and wrote a book on Chinese workers in the north coast of France. He analyzed Marx's view that under the capitalist system, "workers want to get healthy clothing and food, and under this capitalist system, they do not want any other way. No matter what the wage increases, they can not do it. The evil capitalism cannot be overthrown. " Therefore, he strongly advocated that the Chinese revolution should follow the path of the October Revolution in Russia.

In August 1920, the association was renamed the world society of engineering and learning. From then on, it clarified the influence of the ideological trend of work study doctrine and anarchism in this organization, and realized the transformation to scientific socialism.

On February 28, 1921, he led and participated in the petition struggle of more than 400 work study students to the Chinese Embassy in France for "the right to eat, work and study"; in July, he also took part in and led the struggle against the Beiyang warlord government's Secret "loan for betraying the country" with France; in September, he launched and organized the "fight back to Lida" to enter Lyon University of China and France and oppose it President Wu Zhihui was sent back to China because he didn't accept the French work study students.

On December 30, 1921, Zhang kundi returned to Shanghai via Hong Kong.

In the spring of 1922, Zhang kundi came to Beijing from Shanghai. At the same time, he joined the Communist Party of China and was assigned to the Secretary Department of the northern labor union.

In the autumn of 1922, in order to carry out the workers' movement in the north, Li Dazhao sent a group of Communists to the seven railways in the north to establish trade union organizations. Zhang kundi is a "secret inspector" assigned to Zhengtai railway. Under his leadership, the workers' groups of the small factories affiliated to the Zhengtai railway switchboard factory were secretly organized. On September 3, the factory held a meeting attended by more than 90 workers' representatives, and formally established the first trade union of Zhengtai railway, the workers' Club of the general machine factory. On October 8, a workers' meeting was held in Tongle theater, and the Zhengtai Railway General Union was officially established. Zhang kundi presented the banner of "long live labor" on behalf of the Secretary Department of China's labor mix, and issued the declaration of all workers, which ignited the flames of the workers' struggle.

In 1923, he launched the workers of Zhengtai railway and Shijiazhuang to take part in the "February 7th" strike which shocked China and foreign countries. The February 7th strike was brutally suppressed by the Northern Warlords. Under the leadership of Li Dazhao, the Secretary of the CPC Beijing District Committee, the lessons of the strike were summed up. The Beijing District Committee was abolished and the Beijing Local Committee was established. Li Dazhao was still the Secretary, and Zhang kundi was the minister of the Ministry of industry and agriculture. He was responsible for restoring the workers' movement in the northern provinces. Together with Zhang Guotao, he became two effective assistants to Li Dazhao's work.

In the autumn of 1924, Li Dazhao sent Zhang kundi and Li Zhenying to Henan to carry out the workers' movement. The General Union of Jinghan, Longhai and Daoqing Railways was soon restored. At the same time, trade union organizations such as Jiaozuo, Liuhegou, Xin'an Coal Mine, Yufeng, Anyang, Xinxiang cotton mill and Kaifeng ordnance factory have been established. By the summer of 1925, the number of trade union members had grown to more than 30000. At this time, according to the needs of the development of Henan revolutionary situation, the party decided to establish the Henan Federation of trade unions. On September 18, the founding meeting was held in Zhengzhou, and Zhang kundi was elected chairman of the Henan Federation of trade unions.

In February 1925, he was elected as the general director and party secretary of the all China Railway Federation of trade unions. In the spring of the same year, the CPC Henan Shaanxi District Committee was established, and Zhang kundi was elected as a member of the District Committee.

In October 1925, when Henan Federation of trade unions was founded, Zhang kundi was the chairman of the Federation of trade unions. After the second national labor conference, he served as the director general and party secretary of the China Railway Federation of trade unions.

In the spring of 1926, the CPC Central Committee appointed Zhang kundi as secretary of the Shandong local committee of the CPC. After he arrived in Shandong, in a very short period of time, he restored, reorganized and developed the party organizations in Jinan, Qingdao, Zichuan, Zhangdian and other places. Along the Jiaoji railway, Yidu, Shouguang, Guangrao, Weixian and a number of rural grassroots branches were established.

In June 1926, the number of Party members in Jinan province increased from 45 in 1925 to more than 500.

In September 1926, he was transferred from Shandong. After the failure of the great revolution, he was transferred to Tianjin as a member of the North Bureau of the Communist Party of China and was responsible for restoring the leading body of the north bureau together with Cai Hesen and Wang Hebo.

In April 1927, Chiang Kai Shek defected and revolutionized, and Zhang kundi moved to Tianjin as secretary of the northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the working committee of Shunzhi province.

From June 18 to July 21, 1928, Zhang kundi went to Moscow to attend the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected alternate member of the central review committee. After the meeting, he also attended the Sixth Congress of the Communist International. After returning to China, he investigated in Tianjin, Shandong and other places, reorganized the CPC Shunzhi Provincial Committee and its affiliated Municipal Committee, led the workers' struggle along Hebei, Shandong and Jingpu railways, and successively served as the party secretary of all China Railway Federation, Secretary of Shunzhi Provincial Working Committee and Secretary of Hebei Provincial working committee.

In May 1931, with the gradual development of the revolutionary situation in the south, Zhang kundi was appointed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. As a "special commissioner of the labor movement" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he went to Hunan and Western Hubei Soviet area to guide the workers' movement. After arriving in Honghu, he immediately started to restore and establish trade union organizations at all levels. On July 20 of the same year, he presided over the second workers' Congress of Western Hunan and Hubei Province and established the general trade union of Western Hunan and Hubei Province. Xu Shaoqing was elected chairman and Zhang kundi was appointed party secretary of the Federation of trade unions. "Because he is a special commissioner sent by the Central Committee, the activities of the Federation of trade unions are guided by Zhang kundi." Since then, the workers' movement in Western Hunan Hubei Soviet area has developed rapidly. First, trade union organizations in eight Central counties, including Jianli, Mianyang and Qianjiang, were restored and established, with more than 20000 members. He also sent a group of workers' cadres to Yichang, Shashi, Wuhan, Yuezhou and other places to establish secret trade union organizations, which expanded the party's trade union work to white areas. On December 31 of that year, he presided over the work conference of the Provincial Federation of trade unions, made a "decision to support and expand the Red Army and ensure the supplies of the Red Army", mobilized trade unions at all levels to mobilize workers to join the Red Army, and successively selected more than 2370 workers to join the Red Army. At the same time, it mobilized workers to organize "Red Guards", "stretcher teams" and "consolation teams", which played a special historical role in smashing the enemy's "encirclement and suppression". 　

From January 22 to 30, 1932, the Fourth Party Congress was held in Western Hunan and Hubei Province. At the meeting, the instructions of the CPC Central Committee were conveyed. From the standpoint of sectarianism, the central government at that time regarded the correct opinions of Wan Tao and Zhang kundi and their criticism of Xia Xi as "anti central and anti international group activities" and "counter revolutionary conspiracy movements". In this "anti rebellion" campaign, Zhang kundi, a long-term devoted revolutionist, was falsely accused of "counter revolution", arrested, severely tortured and cruelly persecuted.

Character evaluation

In 1970, vice premier Chen Yi of the State Council paid a visit to Shijiazhuang vehicle factory and said with grief: "Zhang kundi and I came back from France together. He has done a lot of excellent work in the workers' movement. But it's a pity to sacrifice. Now I'm still collecting his historical materials! "

In his book Mao Zedong's early revolutionary activities, Li Rui wrote: "all of Mao Zedong's best friends at school, Cai Hesen, he Shuheng, Chen Chang, Zhang kundi, Luo xuezan, are outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation and the most heroic proletarian revolutionary fighters."

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Kun Di