Xu Kexiang

Xu Kexiang

Xu Kexiang (1890-1964) was the initiator of the Ma RI incident. He was born in Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province, and was a general of the national revolutionary army. He was famous for the "Ma RI incident" in 1927 when he killed the Communists in the sofa. He once served as deputy commander of the 27th army of the National Revolutionary Army and counsellor of the military Senate.

Early experience

Xu Kexiang graduated from Hunan lecture hall. In his early years, he joined the league and participated in the revolution of 1911.

In 1916, he was promoted to battalion commander of the first division of the army. In 1920, he was the head of the 19th regiment of the sixth mixed brigade, and in 1925, he was the commander of the independent brigade of the fourth division of Guizhou army. During the northern expedition, he was incorporated by Tang Shengzhi and awarded the title of head of the 33rd regiment of Hunan Provincial defense army.

In the spring of 1927, head of the 33rd regiment of the 35th army of the national revolutionary army was stationed in Changsha. He is a member of Hunan provincial government, a member of the Standing Committee of the Changsha Municipal Party Department of the Kuomintang, the mayor of Changsha and the director of the Municipal Public Security Bureau.

Counter revolution

On May 21, 1927, Xu Kexiang, head of the 33rd regiment of the 35th army stationed in Changsha, led more than 1000 troops in the "horse day incident" on the sofa, sealed up the provincial and municipal Party headquarters and the headquarters of workers' pickets, attacked the peasant associations in the suburbs, and rounded up the Communists. More than 3000 workers and peasants of the Communist Party were searched and killed overnight.

Xu Kexiang decided to launch a 300000 yuan siege near Changsha by the CPC Provincial Committee. On May 30, about 25000 peasant uprising troops marched from all directions to Changsha. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the Hunan provincial Party committee of the Communist Party ordered to stop advancing. Two 5000 people Liuyang peasant army troops did not receive the order to retreat. They attacked Changsha alone and attacked the army near Changsha, but failed the next day.

Xu Kexiang served as the commander of the second independent division of the Kuomintang government. In October 1927, he also served as the commander of the second route army of the rebellion. He led his troops to attack Tang Shengzhi. He was defeated by Tang Shengzhi and retreated to Lianxian County, Guangdong Province, where he was recruited by Li Jishen. Out of the strategic consideration that Tang Shengzhi didn't want to break with the Communist Party at that time and his dissatisfaction with Xu Kexiang in the past, he announced that he would "punish" Xu Kexiang. Xu led his troops to southern Hunan and took refuge with the Guangdong authorities headed by Li Jishen. He changed the name of the army to the independent third division and served as the division commander as an "anti Communist hero" and stationed in Pingshi town. The veteran members of his army are short of training and regular management. They have just been expanded from one regiment to four regiments. There are many new recruits and their combat effectiveness is very poor.

In January 1928, he led more than 2000 troops to attack the remaining units of nanchang uprising led by Zhu De and Chen Yi in southern Hunan. At dawn on February 1, Zhu De led the workers' and peasants' uprising army under the cover of darkness. Under the guidance of the guide, they approached a regiment of Xu Kexiang's department in front of Pingshi town. When they were just about to have breakfast. The rebel troops rushed in like tigers, and a regiment was immediately defeated. The defeated troops fell like mountains, and then the troops behind them were in disorder. At this time, Hu Shaohai's peasant army also started behind Xu's army. Its combat effectiveness was not strong, but it played a role in disturbing the morale of the army. Xu Kexiang couldn't control his subordinates, and the officers and soldiers ran about. However, the rebel army took advantage of the victory and launched a charge to Pingshi town. The red guards yelled and killed him and rushed to Pingshi town. Xu Kexiang's troops were defeated. Because the local area was a canyon and there was no cross road, he had to flee along the first line of road. The deserters in front of him disorganized the troops in the back. When the enemy troops fled to the leshui River, they scrambled for the wooden floating bridge to escape. The bridge was so small and crowded that the bridge broke and people and horses fell into the water. The workers' and peasants' Revolutionary Army chased the Bank of the river. On the one hand, they chased the bank, and on the other hand, they shot at the middle of the river and the other bank. I saw the enemy cry and howl, trample on each other, the river was red, and the corpse was blocked. Xu Kexiang himself lost his troops, disguised himself and hid in a boat going straight down the river. Fortunately, he escaped. Most of his four regiments were annihilated, and the rest almost collapsed. 1500 rifles and more than 30 mortars were lost. Ammunition and other military supplies piled up in the town, and people had to make a detour when they walked down the street. Xu Kexiang's rear warehouse and all the supplies in Pingshi town became the spoils of the rebel army, which were used by the uprising troops to replace spears and spears. These guns became weapons to defend Jinggangshan, and it was this time that the mortars of "the roaring guns in the Huangyang world" were captured. Zhu De later said: "it can be said that Xu Kexiang helped us start a family." After the Pingshi battle, the peasant red guards of Yizhang also nicknamed Xu Kexiang "Xu Songqiang".

In June 1928, the war between Jiang and GUI broke out. Xu Kexiang led his troops to attack the GUI clan, and met Zhang Fakui's troops in He county, Babu and Huiji. Zhang Fakui was defeated.

Encircle and suppress the Red Army

After 1929, Xu Kexiang repeatedly took part in the encirclement and suppression of the Red Army. In 1933, Xu Kexiang led his troops to capture Jishui, the Red Army base, and was promoted to the post of Kuomintang army inspector and division commander of the 24th division. On January 25, 1936, Nanjing appointed Xu Kexiang as the deputy commander of the 37th army general. Huang Ziheng, an old subordinate, took over the post of division commander.

In 1937, he resigned due to illness and was transferred to the military Senate. When the whole nation was liberated in 1949, he went to Macao. In 1953, he went to Taiwan and served as the national policy adviser of the presidential office. He died in Hsinchu in the spring of 1964.

Chinese PinYin : Xu Ke Xiang