Baipu

Baipu

Baipu (1226-about 1306), originally named Heng, with the word Renfu, later renamed Pu, with the word Taisu, and the name langu, is a Han nationality. His ancestral home is Kaizhou (today's Hequ in Shanxi Province) and Bianliang (today's Kaifeng in Henan Province). He lived in Jinling (today's Nanjing in Jiangsu Province) at his old age. He was born in 1226 AD and died in 1306 ad.

Bai Pu is a famous dramatist in Yuan Dynasty. He is known as "four masters of Yuan Opera" together with Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu. Wutong Wutong, ideal setting for a couple in love, is ideal setting for a couple in love. Tang Minghuang's autumn night, Phoenix Tree rain, Pei Shaojun's wall immediately, and Dong Xiuying's flower wall, the east wall, and Tianjing Sha Qiu.

(overview photo source: the collection of sounds of nature by Yang Xiluo, Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty)

Profile

Baipu (1226-about 1310) was born in Kaizhou of Yuan Dynasty (now Qujiu County, Xihe, Shanshan). His original name was Huan, and his name was Renfu and Taisu, and his name was Mr. langu. His ancestral home is Kaizhou (today's Hequ area in Shanxi Province), and he was born in Bianliang, Nanjing (today's Kaifeng, Henan Province). He lives in Zhending, Hebei Province (today's Zhengding). In 1280, he moved to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Wutong opera is ideal setting for a couple in love, and there are sixteen kinds of drama, two of them are "phoenix tree rain" and "wall immediately", and another collection of "sounds of nature", with over 200 entries, and more than 40 pieces of song. Together with Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu, they are known as the four masters of Yuanqu.

He is a famous dramatist in Yuan Dynasty. Together with Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu and Ma Zhiyuan, they are called "four masters of Yuanqu." Bai Pu was born into a family of bureaucrats and literati. His father Bai Hua was a Jinshi in the third year of Jin Zhenyou's reign (1215). He went to the Privy Council to judge him. His father Bai Ben was a Jinshi in the reign of Jin Zhang Zong Tai. He once worked as a county magistrate. His uncle died early, but he had a poetic name. The Bai family and Yuan Haowen are close friends. The two families often communicate with each other in poetry and prose, and they have a good communication.

Bai Pu was born in such a family. He should have enjoyed leisure and leisure, studied and studied, so as to gain fame in the future. However, when he was young, he suffered from war and chaos, so he had to suffer with his family in panic. Shortly after Bai Pu was born, Bianliang in Nanjing of Jin Dynasty was surrounded by Mongolian army. Bai Hua, who was in the center, was busy all day for the survival of Jin Dynasty, so he had no time to care for his wife, children and family. In the first year of Tianxing (1232), the Mongol army attacked the city with tree cannons. The emperor decided to abandon the city and go north to Germany (now Shangqiu, Henan). Bai Hua had to leave his family in Bianjing and went up the river alone with the emperor. In March of the next year, Bianjing city was destroyed, and the Mongol army plundered the city. The city was slaughtered and its wealth was plundered. In the war, Bai Pu's mother and son lost each other. Fortunately, Yuan Haowen was also in the city at that time, so he and his sister were taken in, and saved his life in the chaos and famine. At the end of April, Yuan Haowen took Bai Pu's brother and sister across the river and went north to live in Liaocheng. Later, he settled in Zhao Tianxi's shogunate, the county magistrate of Guanshi (now Dongguan county). Although Yuan Haowen was also a minister of subjugation, and his life was extremely hard, he regarded Bai Pu as his own brother and sister, and cared for them. Baipu was attacked by the plague and was dying. Yuan Haowen held him in his arms day and night, but he was sweating on the sixth day after the plague. Bai Pu was smart and wise, so he liked reading when he was young. Yuan Haowen trained him carefully, taught him how to read and learn, and how to deal with people, so that he received a good education when he was young.

Bai Hua, the father of Bai Pu, surrendered to the Southern Song Dynasty after the fall of Jin Dynasty and became a governor of Junzhou. Soon, Bai Hua went north to the Yuan Dynasty. In 1237, when Baipu was 12 years old, Baihua and some ministers of Jin Dynasty came to Zhending and attached themselves to Shi Tianze, a Mongolian general who was keeping Zhending. In the autumn of the same year, Yuan Haowen returned to Taiyuan from Guan family. After passing Zhending, he sent Bai Pu's elder sister and younger brother back to Baihua, so that his father and son, who had been separated for several years, could reunite. When his father and son met, Bai Hua felt very happy. He wrote a poem "man TING FANG · Shi Lie Zi Xin", which expressed his feelings at that time: "Guanglu, other platforms, general Pavilion, in the middle of a dream in ten years. A horse in short clothes, see Zhenzhou mountain again. When nehan was drunk, the gauze cage was still high and wide. Today, in front of the lamp, the children are floating and happy to survive. ". He was also very grateful for Yuan Haowen's kindness in bringing up his children. There was a poem to thank him: "Gu I really became a lost dog, while Lai Jun once protected the lost nest."

With the stability of the north, Baipu and his son settled down in Zhending. Since then, according to his father's requirements, he wrote poems and learned the lessons of imperial examination. He made great progress in the study of Lu Fu, and soon became famous for his ability to write poems and Fu. At that time, Yuan Haowen wrote books on the history of Jin Dynasty. He often went to Dadu and went back and forth to Zhending. He was concerned about his studies. When he went to his home, he had to guide him in his academic career. There was a poem praising Bai Pu, saying: "yuan Bai had a good command of his old family, and all the experts were wise." He was encouraged to work hard and make a success of his career. However, the cruel plunder of the Mongol rulers made it difficult for Baipu to recover his mental scars. He was full of disgust for the Mongol rulers. His mother and son lost each other in the chaos of war, which made him often sigh and feel sad to serve the rulers. Therefore, he gave up the struggle for fame and wealth in the officialdom, and adapted himself to the adherents of the subjugation. He took Ci Fu as his professional career and used songs to express his depression and dissatisfaction.

With the growth of years and the expansion of social experience, Bai Pu's knowledge has improved. In 1261, Bai Pu was 36 years old. In April of that year, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty ordered all Xuanfu envoys to raise their literary talents from the examiners. Shi Tianze, who took Henan Xuanfu envoys as the center, recommended Baipu to become an official, but he declined. He not only rebelled against Shi Tianze's recommendation, but also realized that it was inconvenient for him to stay in Zhending for a long time, which was convenient for him to leave his home and travel south this year. He also expressed his determination to escape from the world and never be an official. However, his love for his wife and son could not be cut off, and he often suffered from his contradictory mood.

Bai Pu first went to Hankou and then Jiujiang. When he was 41 years old, he went back to Zhending and passed Bianjing. After that, he went south again, traveled between Jiujiang and Dongting, and settled down in Jinling in 1280. Before and after this, he may have died because of his true match. He once returned to true for his wife's death. At this opportunity, someone suggested him to become an official in the imperial court, but he declined. Shortly after that, he returned to Jinling. From then on, he mainly traveled in Hangzhou and Yangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River, and even revisited Yangzhou when he was 81 years old. After that, his whereabouts were nowhere to be found.

Main impact

Bai Pu is a wild man, but he can't really escape from the world and turn a blind eye to the reality. What's more, his footprints are exactly the desolation that once flourished but now has been looted by the war. The contrast between the former and the latter aroused his resentment against the Mongolian rulers. He expressed his resentment in poems and accused the Mongolian rulers of their evil deeds.

In 1277, Bai Pu traveled to Jiujiang and then entered baling. Jiujiang's former prosperity has been swept away. What left him is the depression and indifference. He can't help but sigh with infinite sadness: "after the compilation, I don't know how to change the world. I only see Sichuan's blood. I sigh that the prosperity of Yueyang Tower has stopped when I sang and danced in the past.". As for Jinling nostalgia, Hangzhou "Linping Six Dynasties millet, the Southern Song Dynasty pool garden works," everywhere express the feelings of adherents, "injury when discipline disorder, all in between the lines." His sentimental feelings are expressed in his works.

After all, Baipu was an intellectual in the feudal era. Although he was sad and sad for the different generations and the barren countryside, he was more sad for his nine sufferings in his life. A collection of sounds of nature can be said to pour out his feelings for pathetic life everywhere. In addition to expressing his will and feelings, he also wrote a lot of zaju, which contributed his talent to the prosperity of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty.

Character evaluation

In the creation of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty, Baipu played a more important role. He, Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng guangzuzun have always been regarded as the four masters of Yuan zaju.

Main works

According to Wutong's Zhong Sicheng's record of ghost recording, Bai Pu wrote 15 scripts, 15 of which are: Tang Minghuang's autumn night Wutong rain (for example, "phoenix tree rain"), "Dong Xiuying's Flower Moon east wall", "Tang Minghuang's moon Tour", "Han Cui's water flowing red leaves", "Xue Qiong's moonlight night silver Zheng resentment", "Han Gao Zu's chop White Snake", "Su Xiaoxiu night dream", "die marry Liang Shan Bo", " Wang yeyan Jueya Hui, Cui Huye Jiang, Gaozu Guizhuang, Yuanyang bamboo wall horse, Qiujiang Fengyue Fenghuang boat, Xiao Yizhi earning Orchid Pavilion and Yan Shidao chasing the river. In addition, there are 16 copies of Li Ke shooting double sculptures with an arrow recorded in Sheng Shi Xin Sheng. Wutong, ideal setting for a couple in love, Tang Minghuang's ideal setting for a couple in love, and the three pieces of the book, "the autumn wall of the Phoenix in the autumn of the autumn", "the east wall of Dong Xiuying's flower, the wall of Pei Shaojun", and the "black water of Han Cuipin", "Li Keyong's arrow and double eagle" are all earned in Wang's literary works.

The themes are mostly historical legends, and the plots are mostly romantic affairs of talented people. Ideal setting for a couple in love with Tang Minghuang and Yang's love story, the story of "the autumn night of Wutong" by Tang Minghuang, is a story about "a woman who has a great ambition". The former is a tragedy, sad and solemn; the latter is a comedy, full of ups and downs, passionate and unrestrained. These two works have always been regarded as the successful works of love plays, which have strong artistic vitality and have a far-reaching impact on the development of drama in future generations.

In the history of Chinese opera, there were operas in Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, but there was no script handed down. We can't explain the situation of these operas. The Zaju of Yuan Dynasty developed to a quite skillful level in plot and characterization

Chinese PinYin : Bai Pu