Tiebao

Tiebao

Dong E tiebao (1752-1824), named yeting and mei'an, was born in zhenghuang banner of Manchuria. Qing Dynasty minister, famous calligrapher.

In the 37th year of Qianlong (1772), he was a Jinshi in the middle of the emperor's reign and was appointed the head of the Ministry of official affairs. Later, he was promoted to be a doctor, a member of the Ministry of household affairs and the Ministry of official affairs, a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy, a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy, a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy, and a Bachelor of the cabinet. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), he was demoted to Shengjing because of impeachment of officials. Soon after, he became the governor of water transport as the Minister of the Ministry of officials.

In the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805), he was promoted to the governor of Liangjiang and became the highest military and political officer in charge of Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), Wang ShenHan, the magistrate of Shanyang County, risked relief and poisoned Li Yuchang, a member of the Committee. Tiebao was removed from his post and exiled to Xinjiang. In the early years of Daoguang, he retired from his illness. He died in 1824.

Tiebao is famous for its articles and calligraphy. He once served as the president of the general annals of the eight banners, and compiled the poems and essays of the banners into 134 volumes of Bai Shan Shi Jie, and his personal works into the complete works of Wei Qing Zhai. Tiebao is the most famous calligrapher among Manchu people. He is known as the "four great calligraphers of Qing Dynasty" with Wang Yongzhen, Liu Yong and Weng Fanggang. In his early years, he studied "Guange style" and later Yan Zhenqing, who corrected the stagnation caused by "Guange style". When he was relegated to Jilin Province, he was still diligent in copying the ancient sutras, which caused eye diseases and engraved with "Wei Qing Zhai sutras".

Life of the characters

Early years

Tiebao's ancestral surname was Jueluo. Later, he moved to the land of Dong'e and took the place as his surname. According to his own research, he is the descendant of Zhao he, king of Yue in Song Yingzong. His father was the only one in the family. In 1752, tiebao was born in the capital. In 1762, he began to study at the age of ten. At the age of 16, he continued to study in the Imperial College. When he was young, facing the question of whether he would like to practice martial arts or writing in the future raised by his father, he made it clear that he would like to practice writing and specialized in four books and five classics in order to win the exam.

Promotion of officialdom

In the 37th year of Qianlong (1772), tiebao, a 21-year-old scholar in the imperial examination, was appointed the head of the Ministry of officials. Because of his upright character, he was appreciated and recommended by a GUI, the great Bachelor of wuyingdian in the Ministry of management. He was promoted to doctor, wailang, a member of the Ministry of accounts and the Ministry of officials, a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy, a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy, a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy, and a Bachelor of the cabinet. In 1788, tiebao was summoned by Emperor Qianlong. In 1789, he was promoted to be the Minister of rites and presided over the general examination in the capital and the local examinations in Shandong and Shuntian. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), tiebao was demoted to Shengjing (Shenyang) because of impeachment of officials, and soon became the governor of water transport as the Minister of the Ministry of officials. He worked out 11 sections of the constitution of water transport reform during the term of governor of water transport. At the end of the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), when tiebao was appointed governor of Guangdong, 22 pieces of administrative experience were engraved on the wall of the hall to inform his successor. At the beginning of the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), he was transferred to governor of Shandong. In this year, the Yellow River burst in hengjialou, Fengqiu County, Henan Province, and flooded 19 counties and prefectures in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province. Jiaqing ordered the tiebao to Henan Province to command disaster relief and close the breach.

Dismissal and exile

In March of the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), the water transport was smooth, and the iron protection was added to the prince's protection. Soon because of the canal water shallow water transport disadvantage, was dismissed. In the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805), he was promoted to the governor of Liangjiang. The imperial court ordered him to interrogate Zhang Dayou, a military officer in Shouzhou, Anhui Province, about the poisoning of his family nephew in an accident. Zhou e, the magistrate of Suzhou, took bribes and acted lightly. At that time, Peng Ling was the governor of Anhui Province, and Yan Ge was responsible for the enforcement of the law. Tiebao was even seated, deprived of his official title, demoted to the second rank, and soon returned to his original position. In the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807), he filled in Shangshu and asked the eight banners to use rice instead of salary to exchange money. The imperial court issued an imperial edict to reprimand him for revising the regulations without authorization and dismissing him. He successively went to Shanghai to discuss the affairs of river management. He asked for the reconstruction of Wangying, the reduction of dikes, the construction of water retaining dikes, the earth slopes behind shanxu dikes and the bank dikes, and the restoration of Haikou outside yuntiguan. The imperial court sent ministers to discuss his proposal, and adopted his proposal and then implemented it. In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), Wang ShenHan, magistrate of Shanyang County, risked relief and killed Li Yuchang, member of the Committee. Tiebao was removed from his post and exiled to Xinjiang. After returning to Beijing, he was promoted to minister of rites and officials. During the Linqing incident, the eunuch was dismissed and exiled to Jilin because he tried his best to track down the accomplice.

He died in his old age

Jiaqing 23 years (1818) back to Beijing. In the early years of Daoguang, tiebao retired. He died in 1824.

Main achievements

Calligraphy attainments

Tiebao is superior to literature, good at calligraphy, and beautiful in CI. The period when he was the governor of water transport and Liangjiang was the period when he had abundant calligraphy works. Most of the works included in Wei Qing Zhai FA tie were written in this period. Tiebao loves calligraphy very much, which can be seen from one of his poems: "it's hard to get rid of the habit of painting for half of his life. When someone else laughs at the ink, his children and grandchildren will search for painting cases in the future, leaving no gold coins but books." Although he has been in a high position for a long time, he only wants to leave his calligraphy to his descendants. Tiebao's calligraphy is based on regular script (real script) and is good at cursive writing. Tiebao's regular script is based on Yan Zhenqing's profundity, and he transferred to many schools to make himself successful. He is very good at absorbing the beneficial calligraphy nutrition from the famous masters of Jin and Tang Dynasties. In addition to learning from huaisu and others, cursive calligraphy is more respected and learned from Zhang Xu. It is because he has learned from the famous masters of Jin and Tang Dynasties that he has formed his own unique calligraphy appearance.

Poetic style

Tiebao himself is a very typical northern national poet. His works are good at depicting the scenes of national life, which are often full of vitality. One of the "songs on the fortress" wrote: "carved bow, white horse, long head, spring, team of generals hunting frequently. The ape's arm thundered, and the plain envied the archer. " Second, he wrote: "the plateau is full of alfalfa, the wind is blowing, the dragon is piling up, and the grass is in autumn. On the other side of the road, Jian'er and the herdsmen sang "big sword head" together. He often wrote poems showing his vigorous and masculine spirit, which fully showed his romantic and unrestrained temperament as a minority poet. Even when he was demoted, his works were full of the life rhythm of the strong, and he could not hear the slightest meaning of giving in to the bad luck: "when you travel far away in the Yanjiang area, you will be submerged outside the Yumen pass. I can't see my husband's health until the autumn wind turns white. " In his exile to the western regions, tiebao also described and recorded the local customs and social conditions of many ethnic groups with vivid poems. "When the banquet is drunk, the name of GUI Na is shining gold ornaments on the red makeup, dancing low and in a festive state, fluttering like a startled Swan and swaying its wings" (GUI Na Qu), which conveys the wonderful charm of Uyghur folk dance; "360 days are like driving, starting with the moon occupying the cloud of the year, the heart of worship in the boudoir is the most sincere, worshipping the ascending Zhai and sipping the Ganzhi" (see the new moon), which reproduces the unique ceremony of the Muslim people celebrating the Huili new year Vulgar. The poet expressed his deep respect and closeness to the colorful traditional culture of the Xinjiang Nationality with the character of cultural tolerance that the Manchu literati often have.

Literary theory

In the era of tiebao, the established poetic theorists in the literary circle of the Central Plains include Shen Deqian, who initiated the "style theory", Weng Fanggang, who advocated the "texture theory", and Yuan Mei, who expounded the "spirit theory". Tiebao, as a Manchu writer, does not follow the principle blindly. He is not satisfied with the trend of archaism in Shen and Weng's poetry theory. He points out: "after thousands of ancient masters, if you want to turn one or two languages into new ones, you can only record the facts in language anytime and anywhere because of the natural fate of heaven and earth, and use the strange changes of nature to make the writing more colorful. The more true the better. If we do not follow the appearance of the ancients, the ancients can not confine our spirit. Today, there is no good way to speak poetry (preface to the continuation of mei'an's poems) tiebao advocates that only by expressing one's own "temperament" can one succeed in writing poems. His emphasis on "temperament" and Yuan Mei's emphasis on "temperament" have both similarities and differences in pointing out that literary creation should highlight personality. The theory of "Xing Ling" focuses on the flexibility of poetic interest, and sometimes it is hard to avoid falling into the void, while tiebao's understanding is more closely related to the artistic law that life is the source of creation. He said: "I once talked about the value of poetry, the gas is deep, although the gas is not thick, I try my best to carve in poetry. To tell you the truth, there are no less than hundreds of poets and tens of thousands of poems in ancient times. If you write empty words perfunctorily, you will fall into the stereotype of your predecessors. If you don't want to be the same, it's just a matter of fact. When the world changes unexpectedly, new ideas will appear at any time with the situation. If the situation is different, the reason and interest will be different. If you can see it in a direct book, the arrangement of nature is the wave of my poetry. Different times, different circumstances, different people, although there are thousands of ancient people can not cover me Tiebao's poetry theory, together with Nalanxingde's and Emperor Kangxi's, forms the basic framework of Manchu's classical poetry theory, and also contributes to the enrichment of Chinese multi-ethnic literary theory.

Character evaluation

General comments

Tiebao's life is full and full of frustrations. He once served as deputy governor of Mongolia, Minister of the Ministry of officials, governor of Shandong and governor of Liangjiang in Xianghong banner. During the reign of Jiaqing, he was dismissed twice for some reason and sent to Xinjiang and Jilin respectively. In every twists and turns of life, tiebao always shows an extremely broad-minded mind, giving people a kind of personality display of advance and retreat safely, honor and disgrace.

Historical review

The draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty: tiebao's resident officials are generous and talk about things, and Gaozong said that he has the style of minister; and he lives in a foreign office, and he wants to show his pride, which means love and hate. Ma zonghuo said in shulinzaojian: "Tiegong's shendaobei is a model of plain calligraphy, and the right army of cursive calligraphy, along with huaisu and sun Guoting. Linchi's Kung Fu is unmatched in the world."

Chinese PinYin : Tie Bao