Cheng Changgeng

Cheng Changgeng

Cheng Changgeng (November 22, 1811 - January 24, 1880) was born in Qianshan City, Anhui Province. Master of performing arts of Hui opera and Peking Opera in Qing Dynasty.

Cheng Changgeng studied in huiban when he was a child. In 1822, he went north with his father to Beijing. He first made his debut in wenzhaoguan and zhanchangsha, and later became the chief actor of sanqingban. Tongzhi, Guangxu years, as the leader of Sanqing, colleagues respected his boss. He has successively served as the head of Jingzhong temple and the manager of three classes of Sanqing, Chuntai and Sixi.

Among the first generation of Peking opera characters, Zhang Erkui of Sixi class and Yu Sansheng of Chuntai class are called "three heroes of Laosheng" and "three Ding Jia of Laosheng", and Cheng is the first of "three Ding Jia". Cheng Changgeng has made an important contribution to the formation of Peking Opera, known as "the leader of Hui class", "the originator of Peking Opera" and "the father of Peking Opera".

Life of the characters

In 1811, Cheng Changgeng was born in chengjiajing, Qianshan city. He was the grandson of 51 generations of Cheng family. When I was young, I was a student in huiban (sanqingban). In the second year of Daoguang (1822), he went north to Beijing with his father and paid homage to mixizi in Chuntai class. Mixizi arranged for him to study Kunqu in Baoding and Shengcheng classes. During the years of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, he took part in four Hui troupes to perform in Beijing. In 1838, Cheng Changgeng returned to his hometown in Anhui Province because of his father's death and left sanqingban. In 1840, when the Opium War broke out and the Qing government signed the Nanjing Treaty, Cheng Changgeng was filled with righteous indignation, but he refused to go out all day. In the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), Cheng Changgeng founded the sizhentang class. In the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), sanqingban was not well run. Zhao Delu, the manager of Chen Jincai school, invited Cheng Changgeng to Beijing. After entering Beijing, Cheng Changgeng became the leader of the Sanqing class. During the reign of Tongzhi, Cheng Changgeng went to the palace to offer sacrifices to the inner court. He once served as the head of "Jingzhong Temple" and the manager of three classes of Sanqing, Chuntai and Sixi. On January 24, 1880, Cheng Changgeng died. It was buried on the north side of the stone road outside zhangyimen (now Guanganmen).

Personal life

Cheng Changgeng's wife, the Zhuang family, had no descendants and adopted two nephews, one Cheng Zhangpu as the adopted son and the other Cheng Zhanghu as the dependent son. Only Zhangpu into the pear garden, gonggupan. His wife, Shi Ru, has two sons and a daughter. Only his eldest son, Cheng zhangzun, is an artist. He was brought up in the xiaorongchun section of Li Tieguai Xiejie street, ranking Chunde and the same as Yang Xiaolou (Chunfu). That is to say, Cheng Jixian was born in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He was Yu Zhenfei and ye Shenglan.

Main works

Cheng Changgeng is good at performing plays such as qunyinghui, Fuhu, zhanfancheng, yuchangjian, judingguanhua, let Chengdu, zhentanzhou, catching and releasing Cao, beating drums and scolding Cao, Fengyun Hui, zhantaiping, Famen Temple, changtinghui, wenzhaoguan, Zhuangyuan, qingtangyu, chaichuangshan, badachui, zhanchangsha, linjianghui and huarongdao "Anju Pingwu road", "tianshuiguan" and so on. In addition to Laosheng's drama, Hualian and Xiaosheng's roles can also be performed together. The image of Guan Yu in Peking Opera also began with Cheng Changgeng. the main plays of the fourth wedding troupe are QianLiJu, meiyupei, visiting relatives, xiaogantian, etc.

artistic characteristics

music for voices in a Chinese opera

Cheng Changgeng's singing was born out of "huidiao", which was based on chudiao, and combined the advantages of Kunqu Opera and Shanshan Bangzi. It was merged into "pihuang Diao", but mainly Huiyin. His voice is called "the back of the brain" in the jargon. He stresses the correctness of his words, the roundness of his voice, the simplicity of his style, the straightness of his voice and the directness of his tone. His singing and reading methods are soft and rigid, with articulation and pronunciation. The local accent and flavor of Anhui are strong.

perform

Cheng Changgeng's craftsmanship is in accordance with the performance of the old Hui troupe, and never goes beyond the rules. His sleeve casting (single sleeve casting), sleeve raising, beard smoothing and other small figure also all stress "duanning solemnity". Cheng Changgeng's performance is good at observing the character's character and identity, focusing on the performance of his temperament and demeanor. He is steady and dignified in his work. In his performance of Guan Yu opera, he paid special attention to the singing, and his style was dignified and dignified. He got the true biography of MI Xizi and made some innovations. The plays often performed include "zhanfancheng", "changtinghui", "wenzhaoguan", "zhentanzhou", "zhuangyuanpu", "qunyinghui", etc. He also often plays Hongsheng Opera (Master Opera), such as Hua Rong Dao and Zhan Changsha. His Kunqu Opera is also very good, and he often performs "Chai Chuan Da Shen" and so on.

Personal achievement

Change and innovation

Cheng Changgeng changed his tune and innovated his play. Anhui turou singing, his pronunciation is Kun and Zhao. His representative works of innovation and transformation include Zhan Fan Cheng, Wen Zhao Guan, Yu Chang Jian, Qun Ying Hui, Zhuo Fang Cao, and Chai Xun Da Shen.

The transformation of traditional Chinese opera

On the basis of traditional Chinese opera, Cheng Changgeng promoted the evolution from Hui opera to Beijing opera. He has built a monument in the history of Chinese Peking Opera with his ingenious singing art, the art of old students with different voices, the art of educating talents according to people, the art of managing classes with defuzhong, the art of directing with excellent skills, the art of educating talents according to people, and the art of managing classes with defuzhong.

personnel training

Cheng Changgeng founded the Sanqing class to strengthen the education and training of Peking opera artists. He was strict in apprenticeship and management. Tan Xinpei, Wang Guifen, sun Juxian and Yang yuelou are all his disciples and become the second generation actors of Peking Opera. His successors include Lu Shengkui, Yin Derui (acting by tricks) and others. When Chen Delin was a child studying in Sanqing class, Cheng Changgeng worked hard to teach him by words and deeds, which made him a leading figure in the field of drama.

Character evaluation

"Fu AI was praised by posterity for his special conduct. Although he was an ancient prime minister, he was not a fault. It's no accident that it got its name (mu Chen Gong) "Cheng Changgeng was a strict man, and he managed Sanqing department in an orderly way. He was respected by many people because he was afraid of them, and respected them as the big boss.". He is "an outstanding artist" and "a well-known master in the field of drama". "A brief history of Anhui Province" says that "the house of internal affairs allows him to take charge of all the chrysanthemum departments. If there is anything, he will attend the meeting of Jingzhong temple and listen to his ruling. If the actors violate the rules, they will listen to them and dare not fight each other. Cheng also sets an example and abides by the rules Old story of Liyuan

Commemoration of later generations

Former residence of Cheng Changgeng

The former residence of Cheng Changgeng is located in Qianjin group, chengjiajing village, Wanghe town. It faces south with two wide rooms. The exterior wall is white and the roof is sloping on two sides. The front and back eaves come out of the building and the roof is covered with "Jiwa". There are 3 storage houses, covering an area of 115 square meters. The former residence in Xitou was demolished and built into a new building.

Commemorative activities

The Ministry of culture of the people's Republic of China and the people's Government of Anhui Province jointly sponsored commemorative and academic seminar activities on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of huiban's entry into Beijing in 1990, the 180th anniversary of Cheng Changgeng's birth in 1991 and the 185th anniversary of Cheng Changgeng's birth in 1996.

Exhibition Center

In May 1996, the exhibition hall of Cheng Changgeng was set up in Qianshan City, displaying more than 300 materials about Cheng Changgeng, such as objects and pictures.

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Zhang Geng