Li Guangtian

Li Guangtian

Li Guangtian (1906-1968), a essayist. No. Xi Cen, pseudonym Li Di, Xi Chen, etc. He is from Zouping, Shandong Province. He was admitted to the Foreign Languages Department of Peking University in 1929 and began to publish poems the following year. He graduated from university in 1935 and went back to Jinan to teach middle school. He once worked with Peking University Alumni Bian Zhilin and He Qifang to produce a collection of poems called Hanyuan collection. Vice president of Yunnan University (1952), President of Yunnan University (1957-1959). In 1959, he was classified as a "Right opportunist" in the party's anti rightist struggle, and was reduced from President to vice president. He is from xiaoyangjia village, Zouping County, Shandong Province. He was persecuted to death on November 2, 1968.

Profile

He is from xiaoyangjia village, Zouping County, Shandong Province. He was born in a peasant family with the surname of Wang. Because of his poor family, he adopted his surname Li to his uncle. After admitted to Jinan First Normal University in 1923, he began to contact with the new trend of thought and new literature since the May 4th movement. In 1929, he entered the preparatory course of Foreign Languages Department of Peking University. He published poems and essays in the supplement of North China Daily and modern magazine. He met Bian Zhilin, a classmate of the Department, and He Qifang, a student of philosophy department. Later, he published a collection of poems by three people, Hanyuan collection, which is known as "three poets of Hanyuan".

After graduating from Peking University in 1935, he went back to Jinan to teach. He continued to write a lot of essays, which were collected as gallery collection and silver fox collection. In the autumn of 1941, he came to Kunming and taught in Southwest Associated University. Besides prose, he also wrote the novel gravity.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he taught in Nankai University and Tsinghua University. In 1948, Canada joined the Communist Party of China. After liberation, he was the director of Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. In 1949, he was elected as a member of the Federation of literary and art circles and a member of the Association for literary and art circles. In 1951, he was the vice dean of Tsinghua University. In 1952, he was transferred to vice president and President of Yunnan University. He has successively served as the director of the Institute of literature, Yunnan branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice chairman of the Yunnan branch of the Chinese writers' Association, and director of the Chinese writers' Association.

He is one of the excellent prose writers in modern China. He has also collected many works, such as the collection of sparrow coir, outside the circle, echo, and essays by the sun. In November 1968, he was persecuted and killed by the extreme left.

Personal life

When I was young, I read and did some farm work. In 1923, he went to Jinan to enter Shandong first normal school and organized a book and newspaper agency with friends. He was arrested and jailed for introducing Chinese progressive literature and Soviet works. In 1929, he was admitted to Peking University. Published around 1930. He published his first work before prison in the final issue of Weiming. In 1931, he joined the Foreign Language Department of Peking University and studied English, Japanese and French. After graduating from Peking University in 1935, he taught in Jinan provincial No.1 middle school and published essays such as gallery collection and silver fox collection. In 1936, Han Yuan Ji, a collection of poems jointly written by Bian Zhilin and He Qifang, was published, which is famous as "three poets of Han Yuan". But what he wrote more and achieved more was prose. Before the Anti Japanese War, he created three prose Collections: Gallery collection (1936), silver fox collection (1936) and quesuo Ji (1939). These works either recall their childhood life in their hometown, or describe the characters who are tortured and have no way to go, or express their dissatisfaction with the dark reality and their pursuit of a bright future. The style of writing is simple, natural and sincere, showing a quiet and beautiful atmosphere. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he lived in exile in Southwest China, traveled to Henan and Hubei, and arrived in Sichuan. He wrote journey to the West with the theme of exile. He has been teaching in some middle schools and universities. In 1941, he went to Kunming Southwest Associated University to teach. He has published prose collections echo, joyful pictures, shrubbery collection and the art of poetry, and actively participated in the Anti Japanese struggle and patriotic democratic movement. With the change of life and the progress of thought, his prose collections such as "outside the circle" (1942), "echo" (1943), and "essays by the sun" (1948) have a broader vision, more diverse themes, and the quiet and beautiful atmosphere has gradually been replaced by the fighting edge; these changes are more obvious in the essay creation.

In July 1946, he taught at Nankai University in Tianjin, and then at Tsinghua University. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1948. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he took part in the first National Congress of the people's Congress of the people's Republic of China and was elected the director of the all China Federation of literary and art circles.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Li Guangtian devoted his major energy to the cause of education. He was the director and deputy dean of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. He was responsible for the compilation of Wen Yiduo anthology and Zhu Ziqing anthology, and published the novel gravitation, essays by the sun, literary essays and literary sketches.

In 1957, he served as president of Yunnan University, vice chairman of Yunnan Writers Association, and director of Institute of literature, Yunnan branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences. At the same time, he is still engaged in prose writing, writing skills and ideological content are more refined and mature than before, often in the poetic description, showing rich philosophical interest. In 1956, he was elected as the alternate representative of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and attended the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China as nonvoting delegates. In 1957, it was wrongly classified as "rightist". In 1962, vindication was screened. His publications, such as Huachao and shanse, had a great influence. In addition, he also devoted himself to the study of minority literature, sorting out the Dai legend "a drop of honey", the long narrative poem "Ashima" of the Sani people of the Yi branch, and the long narrative poem "Xianxiu" of the Dai people.

He was wrongly criticized in the "Cultural Revolution" and was persecuted to death on November 2, 1968. It was rehabilitated in October 1978.

The Hong Kong Literary Research Society has published the collection of Li Guangtian's works.

In addition to the above-mentioned works, Li Guangtian published Selected Essays "Bush collection" (1944) before the founding of the people's Republic of China, and "thirty essays" (1956) after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In addition, there are a collection of short stories "jintanzi" (1946), a novel "gravitation" (1947), and literary works "the art of poetry" (1944), "literary branches" (1948), "literary letters" (1949), "on literary education". Li Guangtian's collected works, published by Shandong people's Publishing House in 1983, is a relatively complete collection of his works.

Writing experience

Li Guangtian has published eight collections of essays and many articles scattered in newspapers and periodicals, including as many as one or two hundred. His prose is "independent creation" (He Qifang's language), which is thought-provoking and combines "the perfection of poetry" and "the strictness of novels". It has a unique artistic style and is of its own. In the history of modern Chinese literature, his name can be arranged with the names of Zhu Ziqing, Bing Xin and other essayists.

When he studied in the provincial first normal university, Yang Hui was a teacher and Zang Kejia and Deng Guangming were classmates.

In the autumn of 1929, he was admitted to the Department of foreign languages of Peking University. He studied preparatory for two years and then for four years. He studied Gong and studied Japanese and French with Zhou Zuoren.

After graduating from Peking University in the autumn of 1935, he went to Jinan to teach in a middle school.

From the beginning of 1930 when Li Guangtian first published his works to the end of 1937 when he was in exile in Shandong, it can be regarded as the early stage of his creation. During this period, there were prose Collections: Gallery collection, silver fox collection, and the story of the sparrow coir (although the story of the sparrow coir was published in 1939, all of them were written before June 1937). A collection of poems: "Hanyuan collection. Xingyunji", and some articles scattered outside the collection.

His works in this period are mainly based on his childhood and hometown life.

Generally speaking, Li Guangtian's early prose can be regarded as "local literature" in terms of human subject matter and content. Li Guangtian's early works enrich the garden of "local literature". In terms of artistic style, Li Guangtian's tragic atmosphere and the tragic fate of the characters cast a light layer of sadness on his early creation. In 1934, he collected his poems as "xingyunji", and combined them with Bian Zhilin's "shuxingji" and He Qifang's "yanniji" into "Hanyuan Ji", which was handed over to the commercial press and published in 1936 as one of Zheng Zhenduo's "Literary Research Association creation series".

Among the "three poets of Hanyuan", Bian Zhilin's poems are indifferent, He Qifang's poems are gorgeous, while Li Guangtian's poems are relatively rich. Maybe it's because Li Guangtian didn't work hard and paid more attention to showing his true feelings.

In the spring of 1941, Li Guangtian was introduced by Bian Zhilin and transferred to Xuyong branch of Southwest Associated University for five years. During this period, he taught introduction to Literature in Chinese department. He is closely related to Zhu Ziqing, Wen Yiduo, Feng Zhi, Bian Zhilin, etc., and he is also the tutor of "Dongqing club", which has the biggest influence and the longest activity time among the college students. He also took an active part in the Anti Japanese and anti civil war democratic movements.

In the summer and autumn of 1946, when the Southwest Associated University was demobilized, he went to Tianjin Nankai University to teach.

In the autumn of 1947, at the invitation of Zhu Ziqing, he transferred to Peking Tsinghua University. In August 1948, Zhu Ziqing died of illness. He became the director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University and began to compile selected works of Zhu Ziqing and selected works of Wen Yiduo. In the same year, on the eve of the liberation of Peiping, he secretly joined the Communist Party of China. In July 1949, he attended the first National Congress of Chinese literary and artistic workers and was elected member of the all China Federation of literary and art circles and director of the Association for literary and art works (the predecessor of the Association).

It was the middle period of Li Guangtian's creation from the Anti Japanese war in 1937 to the founding of new China in 1949. He also gained a good harvest in his creation, including three prose Collections: "outside the circle" (renamed "journey to the west" when Reprinted), "echo" and "with the sun"

Chinese PinYin : Li Guang Tian