Zheng Xie

Zheng Banqiao

Zheng Xieqiao, born in 1763 in Suzhou, is also called banzuan. Calligraphers, painters and litterateurs in Qing Dynasty.

Kangxi scholar, Yongzheng ten years, Qianlong first year (1736) Jinshi. He was an official of Fanxian county and Weixian County in Shandong Province. He made remarkable achievements. Later, he lived as a guest in Yangzhou and made a living selling paintings. He was an important representative of the "eight monsters" in Yangzhou.

Zheng Banqiao only painted orchids, bamboos and stones all his life. He called himself "orchids that never fade in four seasons, bamboos that last forever, stones that never fail, and people who never change.". His poetry, calligraphy and painting, known as "three unique", is a representative literati painter in Qing Dynasty. His representative works include Xiuzhu Xinhuang, Qingguang Liuzhao, Lanzhu Fangxin, Gangu Juquan, conglan bramble, etc., and his works are Zheng Banqiao collection.

Life of the characters

It's hard to be young

Zheng Banqiao was born in the 32nd year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (November 22nd, 1693). At that time, his family was already in decline, and his life was in dire straits. When he was three years old, his mother, Mrs. Wang, died. When he was young, he went with his father to study in maojiaqiao, Zhenzhou. By the age of eight or nine, he had been writing couplets under the guidance of his father.

In 1706, he lost his stepmother, Mrs. Hao, at the age of 14. Fei's mother is a kind, hardworking and simple working woman. She gave Zheng Banqiao considerate care and meticulous care, and became the pillar of Zheng Banqiao's life and emotion. At the age of 16, he learned to write Ci from his hometown predecessor, Mr. Lu Zhongyuan.

In 1713, he was a scholar at the age of 20.

Kangxi 55 years (1716), married Mrs. Xu. Zheng Banqiao went to Beijing for the first time in autumn. He wrote Ouyang Xiu's autumn song Fu in small regular script in Shu Yunxuan.

Kangxi 58 years (1719), to Zhenzhou Jiangcun set up private school teaching.

Living in Yangzhou

In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), his father died. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and a son, and life was even more difficult. Due to his poor life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned the museum after he was 30 years old and sold paintings in Yangzhou for a living. He saved the poor and named himself "Fengya". During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, there were also some tourism activities. Unfortunately, Mrs. Xu's son died. Zheng Banqiao wrote a poem to mourn.

In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), he traveled to Jiangxi and met Wufang master and Manzhou scholar Baolu in Lushan. He went to Beijing to make friends with zunsu of Zen Buddhism and his disciples in Yulin. He talked highly and became a famous figure. During his stay in Beijing, Yunxi, the prince of Kangxi and the king of Shenjun, was the master of ziqiongya.

Study and become an official

Yongzheng five years (1728), guest in Tongzhou, study in Yangzhou Tianning Temple, handwritten "four books" each one.

In 1730, he wrote the first draft of ten poems of Daoqing. At the age of 39, Mrs. Xu died of illness. Zheng Banqiao has known many painting friends in Yangzhou for ten years. Jin Nong and Huang Shen are very close to him in the past, which has a great influence on his creative thought and even his character.

In 1732, when Zheng Banqiao was 40 years old, he went to Nanjing in the autumn to take part in the rural examination. He won the examination and wrote the poem "de Nan Jie Yin". For further study, I went to Jiaoshan, Zhenjiang. There is a wooden couplet written by Zheng Banqiao in biefeng nunnery of Jiaoshan now, which is "why is the room elegant, the fragrance of flowers is not much".

In the first year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1736), he took part in the ceremony examination in Beijing. In May, he took part in the palace examination in Danlong, in front of Taihe hall. He was the 88th Jinshi in the second grade. In order to give Jinshi his birth, he wrote the painting of Qiukui stalagmites and wrote the poem: "I am also the Jinshi in the end, and I follow Dangui like Yuanlang". His joy is beyond expression.

In 1737, he stayed in Beijing for about a year, but failed. He returned to Yangzhou in the south, got the financial support from Cheng Yuchen of Jiangxi, and married Rao. The death of the nursing mother.

In the fourth year of Qianlong's reign (1739), he wrote four poems of seven rhythms and presented them to Lu Jianzeng, the governor of Huainan.

In 1740, he wrote a preface to Dong Weiye's Yangzhou Zhuzhi CI.

In the sixth year of Qianlong (1741), when he entered Beijing, his alternate official was absent, and he was received by Yunxi, the prince of Shenjun.

In the spring of the seventh year of Qianlong (1742), Zheng Banqiao was the magistrate of fan county and the official of Xiaoxian Chaocheng. He began to set up a collection of poems and Ci poems and put them into print by hand.

In the eighth year of Qianlong reign (1743), the ten poems of Daoqing were revised several times until the final version was made, and the engraver was situ Wengao of Shangyuan Dynasty.

Two prefects

In 1744, my concubine Rao gave birth to a son. During his tenure as county magistrate of fan County, Zheng Banqiao attached great importance to farming and mulberry, observed the people's situation, invigorated the people, and made the people live and work in peace and contentment.

Qianlong 11 years (1746), from the fan County transfer department Weixian. In the same year, there was a great famine in Shandong, and the phenomenon of cannibalism often occurred. Wei County used to be a prosperous city. Because of years of famine, disaster relief became an important part of Zheng Banqiao's political affairs in Wei county. He opened a warehouse for relief goods, ordered the people to get coupons for supply, promoted labor service, built a city and built a pool, recruited the hungry people to work, and set up factories to cook porridge. As a result, more than ten thousand people live. In the autumn, when the harvest failed, he donated money to the poor instead of the poor. The hungry people of Weixian County went out to look for food, and Banqiao sighed that they had escaped from famine.

In 1747, a native of zhenghuang banner in Manchuria, Debao, a Bachelor of Shijiao, took the lead in Shandong Province, and Banqiao was in the same Academy.

In 1748, Gao Bin, a Bachelor of Arts, and Liu Tongxun, a censor of the capital, went to Shandong as special envoys to release relief, and Banqiao accompanied them. At that time, the disaster situation in Weixian county was gradually alleviated, and the hungry people also came back from outside the pass. In order to prevent the invasion and disturbance, we donated money to the public to repair the city wall of Weixian county. At the end of autumn, Wei county was written. Qianlong visited Shandong. Zheng Banqiao participated in the preparation for the "history of painting and calligraphy" and arranged for the emperor to ascend Mount Tai for more than 40 days. He was often proud of this and engraved a seal "the history of painting and calligraphy of Yun Qianlong".

In 1749, the son of Rao family died in Xinghua. Visit Guo's garden with censor Shen Yanfang. Re order letters and notes, and hand printed.

Qianlong 15 years (1750), writing Banqiao preface. In the same year, the Wenchang temple was rebuilt, and the Zhuangyuan bridge was built.

Qianlong 16 years (1751), sea water overflow, Banqiao to Weixian North yuwangtai exploration disaster. As an official, Zheng Banqiao intended to "add wealth to the people when he got his ambition", so he could sympathize with the common people and small traders, reform the bad government, and safeguard their interests in terms of laws and measures. During the reign of Banqiao, he was diligent and incorrupt, without accumulation or injustice to the people ". Weixian rich businessmen gathered, people with extravagance compatible, Zheng Banqiao advocated literature, found talent, left a lot of good stories. Make a banner of "rare Lake".

In Qianlong seventeen years (1752), he presided over the repair of Weixian County in Town God's Temple, and wrote the tablet of Town God's Temple. In the memorial hall of Wenchang and the tablets of Town God's Temple, Banqiao urged the people of the Wei county to do their work, which had a considerable impact on Wei and the common people. In the same year, he wrote a paper with Han Hao, a child student of Weixian County, and wrote a seven character running script. He deleted the Fanfan and simplified the three autumn trees, and took on a new standard Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot of works in Weixian County, especially his forty Weixian Zhuzhi Ci poems. "When the people are in good order, they become children, and when the officials are in leisure, they study more.". In the seventh year of Guanwei period, Banqiao reached a new peak both in official administration and in poetry, calligraphy and painting. In the past ten years, Banqiao had a deep insight into the darkness of officialdom. It was difficult to realize his ambition of supporting the people and his intention of returning to the land was increasing day by day.

Life in old age

In 1753, Zheng Banqiao was 61 years old. He thought that the people wanted to relieve the officials. When they went to Wei, the common people blocked the way to stay, and their family portraits were sacrificed. They spontaneously established a ancestral hall for Zheng Banqiao in Weicheng Island Temple. After leaving office, Banqiao sold paintings for a living and traveled between Yangzhou and Xinghua. He also communicated with his fellow calligraphers and painters.

In 1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. After returning to Qiantang, we went to Kuaiji, explored Yu acupoints, visited Lanting, and went back and forth on the mountain.

In 1757, Qianlong took part in the Hongqiao repair, which was presided over by Yu Jian, a Commissioner of transportation between Huaihe and Huaihe rivers. He met Yuan Mei and exchanged poems with each other. During this period, there were many paintings and calligraphy works by Banqiao, which spread widely.

In the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), he painted a picture of bamboo and stone, in which a huge stone stood upright and several thin bamboo poles almost broke the picture. A poem is inscribed in the blank space at the upper right corner: "Seventy old people draw bamboo and stone, and the stone is more beautiful and the bamboo is more straight. But I know that this old pen is extraordinary. It stands on the wall of Chihiro. Qianlong Guiwei, Banqiao Zhengxie. " Press down the name and number of the two parties. The blank space at the bottom right of the painting is marked with the chapter of "song Blowing ancient Yangzhou". Zheng Banqiao has lived a whole life without bowing to various evil forces. He is still as strong as a rock, as strong as a bamboo, and as noble as an orchid. The title of the poem should be full and oblique, big and small, or on the mountains, instead of texturing; or between the bamboo poles, to make the painting into a piece; or in the orchid cluster, to set off the flowers more numerous and leaves more luxuriant. It was not Zheng Xie who started the poem in song and Yuan Dynasties, but Zheng Xie's art is rare. The beauty lies in the unity of all kinds of art.

On December 12, 1766, Banqiao died and was buried in ruanzhuang, east of Xinghua City. He was 73 years old.

Main achievements

Three wonders of poetry, calligraphy and painting

The art of calligraphy

Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy, with Li style mixed with regular script, calls itself "six and a half" and "Banqiao style". Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy is unique in the history of Chinese calligraphy.

According to his 23-year-old Xiaokai Ouyang Xiu's Qiusheng Fu and 30-year-old Xiaokai fan Zhishi, Banqiao learned books from Ouyang in his early years. Its typeface is neat and vigorous, but slightly restrained: This is in line with the popularity of calligraphy at that time

Chinese PinYin : Zheng Xie