Chengji

Chengji

Chengji county was established in the Western Han Dynasty. It is located in Liuhe village, Zhiping Township, Jingning County, Gansu Province.

introduce

Chengji is the hometown of the two emperors (Fuxi and Nuwa) and one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation. It is known as the hometown of the two emperors and the hometown of xiliwa. It has profound cultural heritage, numerous cultural relics and rich tourism resources. For example: guatai mountain, Anfu, Longma cave, Fengxing stone, Fengying, Fengtai, dafengtai, tangjiafengtai, fenggou, Huluhe, Nuwa cave, Nuwa temple, xianqinxia, Leize, qiuchishan, Fuxi temple, Longcheng Bagua city and Bagua objects. It is the "materialization" and "witness" of the "oral history" of the forefathers in the period of no writing.

It is an ancient county in China. Its site has been relocated in history, but it is in the southeast of Gansu Province today.

Chengji county was set up in the Warring States period, and belonged to Longxi County when the Qin Dynasty was unified. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty added Tianshui County, and Chengji returned to Tianshui from then on. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Chengji county was abandoned, but it was restored in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the county site was moved to today's Qin'an County, Tianshui City, and became the governor of Qinzhou (Tianshui county). In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhouzhi moved to Shangying county (today's Shuishi city), which is called Qinzhou.

ancient city

1. The name of ancient county, which had been moved many times, was in Zhiping town in the southeast of Jingning, Gansu Province from the Han Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty.

2. In the Han Dynasty, Chengji county was set up to govern today's Qin'an County. According to ancient books, the county is located in Yebao Township, today's Qin'an County, to the west of Longshan.

history

There are 25 emperors, 29 prime ministers, 52 generals, 510 princes, more than 20 influential writers, poets, painters and musicians, as well as too many prefects, assassins, prefects, Jinshi and Juren. There are more than 600 Li's descendants in Chengji.

geographical position

Chengji county was established in the Western Han Dynasty. It was called Chengji in ancient times. According to historical records, Chengji is the hometown of Fuxi and Nuwa, the forefathers of human beings, known as "xiliwa township". In the background of multi-cultural convergence, the prosperity of the ancient Chengji has come to us in the ancient cities with a lot of traffic and people.

Historical celebrities

Li Guang (? - 119 BC), Han nationality, was born in Chengji of Longxi. In the 14th year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (166bc), he joined the army to attack Xiongnu and became Zhonglang for his meritorious service. During the reign of emperor Jing, he successively served as the prefect of seven counties in the northern border region. Emperor Wu ascended the throne and called him the central palace guard. In the sixth year of Yuanguang (129 BC), he was a general of Xiaoqi. He led more than ten thousand people to ride out of Yanmen (now youyunan, Shanxi Province) to attack Xiongnu. He was wounded and captured because of the disparity between the masses. Xiongnu soldiers put him between two horses. Li Guang feigned death, jumped up on the way and rode back. Later, he was the prefect of youbeiping county (zhipinggang County, now southwest of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia). The Huns were afraid to surrender and called them flying generals. They did not dare to invade for several years. In the fourth year of Yuanshou's reign, Li Guang was a former general in the battle of Mobei. He lost his way and failed to take part in the battle. He was angry and ashamed to commit suicide.

Jingning theory

Why it got its name

There are two versions of the origin of Chengji: one is that Fuxi began to draw eight trigrams, and chenggangji was named after the birthplace of Fuxi in memory of Fuxi. Another view is that Fuxi was born after Huaxu's pregnancy for 12 years. The ancients took Jupiter as the first year, so they named the place where Fuxi was born according to the time of Huaxu's pregnancy. Since ancient times, most people agree with this view. In my opinion, twelve years of pregnancy is too long, which does not conform to the law of human fertility, so the "twelve" should be based on other aspects. I think Fuxi was king by virtue of wood, and Jupiter's revolution period is 11.84 years, so the name of Chengji is probably related to the astronomical calendar created by Fuxi.

The location of Chengji county the place name of Chengji county appears in the history books, which can be seen in the historical records. Before the Western Han Dynasty, the ancient books did not mention Chengji. Chengji county was set up in the Han Dynasty, and the system of the Wei and Jin Dynasties remained unchanged. There was no Chengji County in the period of the Sixteen States and the northern and Southern Dynasties. The system of Chengji county was restored in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and it continued until the end of the yuan Dynasty. So historians say that Chengji generally refers to two: one is the Han Chengji, the other is the Tang Chengji. The following are discussed separately: the first sentence of the biography of General Li in historical records of Chengji County in Han Dynasty is: "General Li is a broad one, so is Chengji people in Longxi."

Zhang Shoujie's historical records justice in the Tang Dynasty clearly states: "Chengji is in Qinzhou." "Qinzhou" by Zhang Shoujie is Qinzhou in the Tang Dynasty, which governs six counties, Chengji, Shangying, Fuqiang, Longcheng, Qingshui and Changdao. It is not Qinzhou District in Tianshui today.

According to the fourth chapter of Wendi Ji in Hanshu: "in the spring of the 15th year, Huanglong was found in Chengji."

It is explained in detail in the eighth chapter of geography annals of the Han Dynasty: "Tianshui county was set up in the third year of the reign of Emperor Wu, mang was called Furong, and the Ming emperor was changed to Hanyang, where the ancient emperor Fuxi was born. And the households were sixty-three thousand and seventy, and the mouths were two hundred and sixty-one thousand and three hundred and forty-eight. County 16: Pingxiang (mang refers to Pingxiang), Jiequan, Rongyi Road (mang refers to Furong Pavilion), Wangyuan (mang refers to Wangting), hankai, Mianzhu Road, ayang, Lueyang Road, Ji (in Yugong, Zhuchen mountain gathers in Nanwu County, mang refers to Jizhi), warrior (belonging to the capital of the country, Wei governs Manfu, mang refers to Jide), Chengji, Qingshui (mang refers to Zhimu), Fengjie, Longdao, chendao (qiduwei governs miaiting) ）, LAN Gan (mang is called LAN Dun).

Special about Chengji County: "there is Chengji County in Tianshui county" in Hanshu geographic records

"Yuanhe County atlas" says: "Chengji County, the old Han county, belongs to Tianshui. Fuxi's mother, Hua Xu, was born in Chengji, which is also called this Qiu. "

"Gansu new Tongzhi" says: "Chengji old city in the county (Qin'an) three ten miles north."

"Emperor Century" says: "Fuxi was born in Chengji, Han set county."

"Qin An Zhi" said: "since the blister opened up a sacrifice has become a Ji di."

"Shuijingzhu" says: "the black water flows out of xuanjing gorge in the southwest and into wating River in the southwest. There is also bleeding from the West will (wating water), the world known as the deer horn mouth. And south to the east of the old city of Ayang county. ······Jingshuiting county is located in the East. Li long from Sichuan, that is long from water. The right is hydrated with the formation period. The source of the water is dangtingchuan in the northwest, and it flows out of poshixia and jinliu in the East. In the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Tianshui county According to shuijingzhu, the former site of Chengji county is located on the West Bank of changlishui (walishui) and the South Bank of chengjishui. This is the site of Chengji County in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, Yang Shoujing said: "this is the old city of Chengji county since the Han Dynasty, which should be called the old city" (notes on the water Classic).

"The history of the Jin Dynasty geographical records" contains: "Qinzhou has Qin'an County, the ancient city of the Han Dynasty."

"Zizhi Tongjian · emperor a of Jin Ji 31'an" says: "Liang Wangguang took the number of Qian GUI, the king of the Western Qin Dynasty, and raised his troops to attack him. If Qian GUI came to the group, please run eastward to Chengji to avoid him. Guangjun Yu changzui sent marshals such as gongzuan of Taiyuan to attack Jincheng; Qian guishuai sent 20000 soldiers to rescue Jincheng, but before they arrived, Zuan and others pulled Jincheng out. Liang Gong and other generals were sent out of yangwuxia gorge with more than ten thousand soldiers to attack the east of the gorge with Qinzhou governor. Tianshui Gong Yan attacked Lintao, Wushi and heguan with rare people. The return of Qian makes people say: "the return of Qian leads to the collapse of the masses and the completion of the discipline." Hu Sansheng, a adherent of the Song Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty, noted in his notes on the new school administration: "Chengji is now Qinzhou, the commander-in-chief of gongchang road."

Ancient Works

According to the above, Jiaqing rebuilt Yitong Zhi said: "the ancient city of Chengji is in the north of Qin'an County, Qinzhou today", and the discovery of Dadiwan culture proves that this conclusion is completely correct. Surprisingly, the location of Jingning has been clearly pointed out in many ancient books: "there is a Yang County in Tianshui county" in the geography annals of Han Dynasty

"Hanshu · gaohouji" says: "in June of the sixth year, Xiongnu koudidao attacked ayang." Yan shigu said: "a Yang is the county of Tianshui. Today's popular book or Heyang is located in the northwest of Longshui, so it is called Heyang. "

"Tongdian" says: "in the north of Longcheng County, the Han Dynasty belongs to Tianshui County, and there is the saying of Heyang."

According to the article of Longcheng County in Taiping Huanyu Ji, "the old city of Heyang County was built in Han Dynasty. It is also in the northwest of the river, so it is called Heyang. "

"Shuijingzhu" said: "wating water from Jingning DALONGSHAN, and there are two branches, one is Longshui, also from DALONGSHAN. The two rivers flow southward to lujiaokou in the southwest of litingchuan, and the bleeding water in the West also flows into lujiaokou, which is the first-class water (wating water) flowing southward to the east of the old city of ayang County, into Hulu River and into Wei River. The old city of ayang is in the northwest of this river. " It can be seen that there is no doubt that a Yang is Jingning County. According to the geographical records of the Han Dynasty, Tianshui County of the Han Dynasty has 16 counties, including Chengji county and Ayang county. Ayang county and Chengji County coexist. Since Ayang county is Jingning, where is Chengji county? If the "Jingning Chengji theory" is established, Jingning is not only a Yang County, but also a Chengji County in Han Dynasty. In the same period, a county even has two official County names, which is not the most important thing in the world! Here are four very important words: "Yu Di Guang Ji" says: "a Yang county is in the north of Gucheng County." "Ancient geographical records rhyme compiled this interpretation" says: "a Yang, the Western Han county, belongs to Tianshui county. In the northwest of the old city, today Pingliang is close to the south of Jingning. "The history of the Jin Dynasty geographical records" contains: "Qinzhou has Qin'an County, the ancient city of the Han Dynasty." Yang Shoujing said in Shuijing Zhushu that Qin'an is "the old city of Chengji county since the Han Dynasty, so it should be called the old city." It is very clear to tell us: Qin'an is also called the old city. The old city is the site of Chengji county. Ayang county (now Jingning County) is located in the northwest of Chengji old city! Since the Tang Dynasty, Chengji county's "new book of Tang geography" says: "Qinzhou Tianshui County, the central governor's office. Shangying, the capital of Sichuan Province, was ruled by earthquake migration in the 22nd year of Kaiyuan. In the first year of Tianbao's reign, he returned to Shangying, and in the third year of Dazhong's reign, he moved back to Chengji. " According to this, chengjishi was the governor of Qinzhou, but there was a migration from QinZhou to Qin'an, so it was listed as the first county in the new book of Tang Dynasty. (Note: the book of the old Tang Dynasty was written in the later Jin Dynasty because of its simplicity and textual research

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Ji